1、定语从句定语从句 概念：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定定语从句。语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面一般放在先行词的后面。The little boy who is singing there can recite quite a number of poems.先行词先行词定语从句定语从句 定语从句的种类：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，通常用逗号与主句分开。The dog,which he had kept f
2、or five years,was killed by someone yesterday.The man who I talked to just now is my classmate.非限定非限定 定从定从限定限定 定从定从 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词代替先行词，在从句中充当一定的成分。He is the person whom we must respect.关系代词关系代词This is the place where I visited last year.关系副词 要点一：关系代词关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略
3、)、表语whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose(of whom/of which)人或物定语that人或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)as人或物主语、宾语 The author(whom)you criticized has written a letter in reply.你批评的那位作者写了一封回信。A person _ email account is full wont be able to send or receive any emails.电子邮箱满了的人将不能收发任何电子邮件。whose 一、关系代词 tha
4、t 和 which 的区别类别说明 只用 that不用which的情况先行词是 everything,anything,nothing,few,little,all,none 等不定代词或被 all,little,few,much,any,every,no 等修饰时先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身就是序数词、形容词最高级时先行词被 the very,the only 等修饰时当主句中的先行词是疑问词 who 或 which 时先行词既有人也有物时 一、关系代词 that 和 which 的区别类别说明 只用 which不用 that的情况非限制性定语从句中关系代词前有介词时先行词本
5、身是 that 时 There seems to be nothing _ seems impossible for him in the world.世界上对他来说好像没有不可能的事。Do you know the things and persons _ they are talking about?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？My house,_ I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。答案：that;that;whichthatthatwhich 二、as/which 引导定语从句的区别 1在限制性定语
6、从句中，which 指代先行词是物的名词或代词，而 as 指代先行词是物或人的词，且先行词前一般有 as,so,such,the same 等限定语。She is so nice a girl _ we all like.她是个我们大家都喜欢的如此好的女孩。David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like.大卫是所有老师都喜欢的一个好男孩。asas 2定语从句修饰说明的是整个主句的内容时，as 引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后；which 引导的从句一般只置于主句之后。As we know,air is a gas.Air,as we
7、know,is a gas.Air is a gas,as we know.众所周知，空气是一种气体。He keeps changing his mind,_ made us all angry.他不断地改变主意，这使我们大家都很生气。which He won the first prize,_ made him famous in his school.他获得了一等奖，这使他在学校出了名。_ is announced in todays newspaper,we must improve our style of work.正如今天的报纸上所说，我们必须改进工作作风。whichAs 3定语从
8、句修饰说明的是整个主句的内容时，which 引导的从句在意义上与主句近乎并列关系，可用 and this/that 来代替；as 主要连接上下文，表达说话人的看法、观点，指出主句内容的出处或根据等，译为“正如”。点拨 as常用在下列习惯用语中：as(it)often happens,as I remember,as is often the case,as is expected,as is known to us,as is shown等。“such/so.that.”表示“如此以致”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so.as.”表示“像这样”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在
9、从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。“the same.that.”表示同一个人或物，而“the same.as.”表示同种类的人或物。答案：1.as;as2.which3.which;As 三、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，即介词放在关系代词之前。1介词关系代词关系代词的选用先行词是人whom先行词是物which介词的选用先行词的意义和搭配从句中的动词或形容词的搭配根据句子的意思判断表示“整体和部分关系”常用of This is the gold medal _ which I feel proud.这是我引以为自豪的金牌。Do you know the man _
10、 whom I spoke just now?你认识我刚才和他讲话的那个人吗？ofto 2简单介词关系代词名词 Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,_ whose effects the people are still suffering.东南亚局部上个月受洪水袭击。如今，人们仍在遭受洪水的影响。from 3the名词of关系代词 该结构表示所有关系，口语中常用“whose名词”代替，非正式文体中可以用“of which the名词”。Recently,I bought an ancient vase,the pric
11、e _ which was very reasonable.最近，我买了一个古代的花瓶，它的价格很合理。of 4表示整体或部分的词语of关系代词 表示整体或部分的词语常见的有：不定代词 all,both,none,neither,either,some,any 和数词(含基数词、序数词、分数和百分数)；数词名词；the最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语 many,most,few,several,enough,half,a quarter 等。Last week,only two people came to look at the house,neither of _ wanted t
12、o buy it.上周，只有两个人看房子，而且他俩都不想买。whom 要点二：关系副词关系副词先行词句法功能when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语(只引导限制性定语从句)一、关系副词 when 引导的定语从句 1先行词是表示时间的名词，从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，引导词常用关系副词 when,when 在从句中充当时间状语。I still remember the day _ I first came to this school.我还记得我第一次来这所学校的那天。when 2有时先行词是表示抽象意义的时间名词。像 stay,occasion 等。Occasions a
13、re quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.我有时间和孩子们一起度过一天的机会很少。when 3“介词when”引导的定语从句，相当于“介词whichtime”。Jane is back in May,by _ the new house should be finished.简五月回来，到那时止，新房子应该完工了。when 二、关系副词 where 引导的定语从句 1先行词是表示地点的名词时，从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，引导词常用关系副词 where,where 在从句中充当地点状语。Jane paused in
14、front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display.简停留在一个柜台前，一些吸引人的领带摆在那儿。where 2有时先行词是表示抽象意义的地点名词，像 activity,business,career,case,job,point,position,race,stage,situation 等。I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.我到了应该作出人生抉择的时刻。where 三、关系副词 why 引导的定语从句 关系
15、副词 why 引导定语从句时，修饰表示原因的名词。只能在定语从句中作原因状语，很多时候可以省略。如：The reason _ he didnt pass the driving test was that he lacked practice.因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾驶考试。why 点拨 定语从句中的注意事项：定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词保持一致。如：The Forbidden City is one of the worldfamous buildings that _(draw)a lot of visitors.故宫是世界著名的吸引大批游客的建筑之一。He is the o
16、nly one of the students who _(have)been a winner of scholarships for three years.他是唯一一位三年获得奖学金的学生。drawhas 关系代词 that/which/whom 在从句中作宾语时，可省略。如：There is no one else she can turn to,is there?她没有可以寻求帮助的人，对吧？.在空白处填入适当的关系词 1The meeting room is crowded with children who/that have poor eyesight,all of them
17、interested in painting.2Liu Xiang is retiring from the 110meterhurdle race,ending a career where he became a global superstar who went beyond the sport.3Carefulness,without which you cant go to work well,is a kind of quality.4We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease tha
18、n ever before.5I admire my head teacher.I can remember very few occasions when he stopped working because of ill health.6As a student of Senior Three，he has very little free time that he can spend developing his own interest.7At the request of some English learners,he has published a lot of books,on
19、e of which is about English idioms.8Not far from the building,there was a garden,whose owner was seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.9With the fast development of agriculture,the people,in whose village she taught 10 years ago,have lived a happy life.10The result was not the same as they had expected,which was rather disappointing.
