1、衡中语法突破衡中语法突破语法专题十语法专题十并列连词和状语从句并列连词和状语从句-2-高考感悟考点归纳1.(2016全国甲,语法填空)So,get an early start and try to be as productive possible before lunch.2.(2016全国丙,语法填空)In much of Asia,especially the so-called“rice bowl”cultures of China,Japan,Korea,Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.1.asas.as possible
2、“尽可能”,为固定短语。第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词。2.and列举的几个国家是并列关系,故用并列连词and连接。-3-高考感悟考点归纳3.(2016全国丙,语法填空)Over time,the population grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.4.(2016四川,语法填空)it cried,she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.3.as/when句意为“随着人口的增长”
3、,故用as或when引导时间状语从句。4.When/If句意:小熊猫哭的时候(要是小熊猫哭的话),熊猫妈妈会前后轻轻晃动它并且轻轻拍抚它。故用when表示时间或者if表示条件。又因为是在句首,故注意其首字母要大写。-4-高考感悟考点归纳5.(2016四川,语法填空)It was time for her to have a new baby,it was also time for the young panda to be independent.6.(2015课标全国,语法填空)As natural architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exa
4、ctly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.5.and“熊猫妈妈生新的宝宝”与“小熊猫也该学会独立了”之间为并列关系,and连接两个并列的简单句。6.how由空后的形容词thick可知,此处用how表示普韦布洛印第安人能够确切地计算出墙所需要的厚度。how是副词,修饰thick。-5-高考感悟考点归纳7.But the river wasnt changed in a few days even a few months.8.There were many people waiting
5、at the bus stop,some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.7.or句意:河流在几天或甚至几个月之后没有多大的改善。这里是两个时间短语in a few days与in a few months表示选择关系,故用or。8.and句意:有很多人在汽车站等着,而且一些人看起来很焦虑很失望。根据内容可知,前后是顺承关系,因此填and。-6-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九在句中连接单词、短语、从句或者句子的词为连词。根据句子的结构特点,连词通常分为并列连词和从属连词。1.并列连词按照在句中的作用可分为:表并列关系的连词(and,
6、as well as,both.and.,not only.but also.,neither.nor.等)、表转折关系的连词(but,yet,however,while等)、表选择关系的连词(or,either.or.等)、表因果关系的连词(for,so等)。Give me a chance,and Ill give you a wonderful surprise.给我一个机会,我会给你一个很大的惊喜。I was glad to meet Jenny again,but I didnt want to spend all day with her.再次见到珍妮我很高兴,但是我不想整天和她在
7、一起。-7-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九2.引导状语从句的从属连词主要有:that,if,as,when,while,till,until,since,after,before,because,though,although,so.that,where等。I dont really like the author,although I have to admit his books are very exciting.我实在不喜欢这位作者,尽管我不得不承认他写的书很激动人心。-8-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九1.when,while,as都可译为“当的时候”,但侧重点有所不同。当主
8、句动作是瞬时的、从句动作是延续的时,三者都可以用。as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生。while从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,不能是非延续性动词。She sang as we walked.I listened carefully while she was singing,and we felt happy when we got home.我们一边走她一边唱,她唱的时候我认真地听,到家的时候我们感觉很高兴。2.until 和not.untiluntil要与延续性动词连用;not.until 要与非延续性动词连用。He didnt go to bed until his father
9、came back.他直到父亲回来才上床睡觉。-9-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九3.since意为“自从以来”,其后面所用动词不同,该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。It is two years since he joined the army.(他参军两年了。)It is two years since he smoked.(他戒烟两年了。)4.特殊的时间状语从句的引导词the moment,the minute,the instant,the second;no sooner.than.;hardly.when.等以及表示瞬间的directly,immediately等词,
10、表示“一就”,相当于as soon as。no sooner.than.,hardly.when.结构中no sooner和hardly引导的句子通常用过去完成时,而than和when引导的句子通常要用一般过去时;此外,no sooner和hardly位于句首时,句子应用部分倒装语序。-10-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九Tell him the news the minute you meet Tom.你一见到汤姆就告诉他这个消息吧。Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.我刚到家就开始下雨了。5.by the time 也可以引导时间状语
11、从句,意为“到时为止”,主句一般用完成时。By the time he was fourteen,Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.(从句为一般过去时,主句要用过去完成时)到十四岁的时候,爱因斯坦已经自学完高等数学了。-11-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九6.几组固定形式(1)It will be+一段时间+before.多久之后才(2)It is+一段时间+since.自从以来已有多长时间了。(3)be about to do.when.;be doing.when.;on the point of doin
12、g.when.正在/要做这时It will be two days before he returns.要过两天他才回来。It is three years since I came here.我来这里三年了。I was doing my homework when my cousin came.我正在做作业,这时候我表弟来了。I was about to go out/on the point of going out when the phone rang.我正要出去,这时电话响了。-12-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九常用句型:so+形容词/副词+that从句so+形容词+a/an+
13、单数可数名词+that从句so+many/much/little/few+名词+that从句such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句He is so young that he cannot go to school.他太小了以至于不能上学。It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk.天气这么好,以至于我们都想出去散步。-13-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九1.because为常用词,其语气最重,且说明的是直接原因,用来回答why引导的问句。
14、2.as,since和now that语气较弱,常用来表示一些显而易见或对方知道的原因。since译为“既然,鉴于”时不可用as替换。Mark needs to learn Chinese since his company is opening a branch in Beijing.马克有必要学习汉语了,因为他的公司正在北京开设分支机构。As its raining,youd better take a taxi.下雨了,你最好坐出租车。Since everybody is here,lets begin.既然大家都在,那我们就开始吧。-14-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九引导让步状语
15、从句的连词有:though,although,while,even if/though,however,no matter how,no matter what,no matter who等。1.though,although引导让步状语从句时都不能和but连用,但可以同yet(still)连用。Although/Though small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.尽管这个公司很小,但它在30多个国家里有大约1000个购买者。2.while引导让步状语从句时意为“尽管,虽然”,多用于句首。While ther
16、e was no conclusive evidence,most people thought he was guilty.虽然没有令人信服的证据,但大多数人都认为他有罪。-15-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九3.as/though引导让步从句时,从句要采用倒装语序。Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.他尽管是个孩子,但他知道怎样做是正确的。Young as/though he is,he is expert in this field.他虽然年轻,但在这个领域是专家。4.whether.or not
17、意为“无论(是否)”。Whether you believe it or not,it is true.不管你信不信,这是真的。-16-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九5.however+形容词/副词=no matter how+形容词/副词.,意为“无论多么”。One can always manage to do more things,no matter how full ones schedule is in life.一个人总是可以设法做更多的事情,不管在生活中时间表安排得有多满。-17-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九条件状语从句通常分为两大类:真实条件句和虚拟条件句。引导条件
18、状语从句的连词有:if,unless/if.not,as long as/so long as,as far as/so far as,provided/providing(that),on condition that等。1.条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时;如果条件状语从句中出现过去时及其相应时态,则为虚拟条件句,那么主句要用相应的虚拟语气形式。If he had listened carefully,he would have done it better.如果他认真听讲的话,他会做得更好些。-18-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九2.unless 相当于if.
19、not,在虚拟条件句中可用if.not,但不能用unless。She says that shell have to close the shop unless business improves.她说如果生意不见什么起色的话她就将店关了。If she were not too silly,she would understand it.要不是她太笨的话,她就理解了。-19-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九地点状语从句多用where和wherever引导。Where he once felt like giving up,he now has the determination to pus
20、h further and keep on going.在他曾经想要放弃的地方,他现在下定决心要推进一步,继续前行。-20-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九目的状语从句常用的连词(短语)有so that(以便),in order that(以便),in case等。1.so that/in order that 引导的目的状语从句中常用情态动词can,could等。in order that 引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后,而so that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后。Take action today so that/in order that you wont miss
21、your opportunity next time.今天就行动起来,这样下次机会来时你就不会错过了。-21-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九2.in case 所引导的状语从句中,谓语可以用虚拟语气,形式为“should+动词原形”,也可以不用虚拟语气。You may leave the key at home in case one of us should think of/thinks of coming back.你可以把钥匙留在家里,以免我们中有人想起要回来。-22-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九方式状语从句常由as(按照),just as(正像),as if=as thou
22、gh(仿佛,好像;从句可用虚拟语气)等引导。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.这位老太太对待这个男孩就像是自己的儿子一样。-23-.单句填空1.She spoke so quietly we could not hear her at all from the second row.2.Scott joined the army soon after his 18th birthday,just his brother had.1.thatso.that.意为“如此以至于”,引导结果状语从句,故此处应用that。2.as
23、根据句意“斯科特在18岁生日后很快就参军了,正如他的哥哥那样”可知,此处为just as引导的方式状语从句,意为“正如”。-24-3.She had hardly sat down the phone rang.4.Have something to eat.you dont eat now,youll be hungry later.5.Jane found the keys exactly Kate said they would be.3.when此处为hardly.when引导时间状语从句。句意:她几乎还没坐下,电话铃就响了。4.If根据句意“如果你现在不吃,随后就会很饿”可知,此处为
24、if引导的条件状语从句。5.where分析句子结构可知,空处引导地点状语从句,故用连接词where。-25-6.Building a skyscraper in the 21st century is much easier it used to be.7.There were such a lot of things to be discussed at the meeting we couldnt finish it on time.8.She bought the phone only her sister had one.6.than根据空前的much easier可知,此处为than
25、引导的比较状语从句。7.thatsuch.that.意为“如此以至于”,引导结果状语从句,故此处应用that。8.because根据句意“她买了一部手机,只是因为她的姐姐也买了一部”可知,her sister had one做原因状语,故用because。-26-9.No sooner had he arrived in Rome he was arrested.10.scientists have learned a lot about the universe,there is much we still dont know.9.than此处为no sooner.than引导的时间状语从句
26、。句意:他刚到罗马就被逮捕了。10.Though/Although/While句意:虽然科学家们对宇宙有了很多了解,但是仍然有许多东西我们不知道。句中的逗号前后皆为句子,因此空格处应填连词;根据句意前后为让步关系,故填Though/Although/While引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”。-27-11.If you miss this chance,it may be years you get another one.12.I believe you will have a wonderful time here you get to know everyone else.11.befor
27、e句意:如果你错过这次机会,可能再过数年你才会得到另一次机会。此处考查句型“it may be+时间段+before.”,表示“要过才”。12.once/if/when分析句子前后的逻辑关系可以看出,“you get to know everyone else”是“you will have a wonderful time”的前提,所以句子后半部分应该是一个条件或者时间状语从句。因此空格处可以填once/if/when。句意:我相信一旦/如果/当你认识了这里其他所有的人,你会过得开心的。-28-13.He is a shy man,he is not afraid of anything o
28、r anyone.14.Vicky came back early last night.It was not yet nine oclock she arrived home.15.The explosion rocked the lake with such a forcedead fish immediately began to surface.13.but句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不害怕任何事情或任何人。前后两句在内容上构成转折关系,所以填but。14.when句意:维姬昨晚回来得早。她到家时还没到九点。It is/was+具体时间+when引导的时间状语从句,表示“当的时候”。
29、15.that句意:爆炸威力巨大以至于死鱼立刻漂上来。such.that“如此以至于”,that引导结果状语从句。-29-16.Some animals carry seeds from one place to another,plants can spread to new places.17.You will never gain success you are fully devoted to your work.18.Half an hour later,Lucy still couldnt get a taxi the bus had dropped her.16.so句意:一些动
30、物把种子从一处带到另一处,这样植物就能传播到新的地方。根据句意可知,此处表示结果。故用so来连接并列句。17.unless句意:如果你不能全身心地投入工作,你就永远不可能取得成功。unless在此处引导条件状语从句,意为“如果不,除非”。18.where句意:半小时过去了,露西在下公交车的地方仍然没有打到出租车。where在此处引导地点状语从句,表示谓语动作发生的地点。-30-19.It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.20.Im sorry that
31、 I made a mistake in the test,but I did it told in class.19.when句意:在午夜,爸爸将我叫醒让我看足球赛。when引导时间状语从句,表示“当时候”。20.as我很抱歉在测试中犯了一个错误,但我是按照课堂上教的做的。状语从句补充完整就是as I was told,由于从句主语与主句主语一致,可省去从句的主语和be动词was,变为省略句。-31-.单句改错1.It was her advice that made me a better speaker and full of confidence.And I owe my succes
32、s to her.(2016河南八市重点中学质量检测)2.I asked my father for the money.And he said he could only give me half of the money.(2016四川绵阳第二次诊断)1.AndSo前后句是因果关系,故将And改为So。2.AndBut上句说,我向爸爸要钱,下句说,他说他只能给我一半的钱,故前后为转折关系,把And改为But。-32-3.Early in the morning,I didnt want to go to school,but I pretended to feel ill.(2016广州毕
33、业班测试一)4.For another,Im good at both English or Fine Arts.(2016石家庄质检二)3.butso句意:一大早我不想上学,因而假装生病。前后句构成因果关系,故应用并列连词so。4.orandboth.and.是固定搭配。-33-5.If we want to be treated well,and we should treat others well too.(2016河北三市第二次联考)6.The real moment began before I stood on the platform with my legs tremblin
34、g or my mind blank.(2016郑州第一次质检)5.删除and分析句子结构可知,if引导条件状语从句,后面为主句,连词and多余。6.beforewhen/as/after根据语境可知,此处指当站在台上时或站在台上后。orand句中my legs trembling和my mind blank是两个并列发生的动作,不表示选择,故用并列连词and。-34-7.She had not studied Chinese before arriving here,but she has some difficulty communicating with people.(2016湖南东部
35、六校联考)8.Dancing proved to be more than the dish could bear,but during the party it capsized(倾覆)and sank in seven feet of water.(2016广东五校协作体第一次联考)7.butso句意:她来中国之前没学过汉语,所以跟人交流起来有困难。故应用连词so表示因果关系。8.butfor/because分析句子结构可知,此处为原因状语从句,前后部分构成因果关系。-35-9.In the afternoon,I went to the train station and managed
36、 to buy two tickets for my grandparents but there was a long queue.(2016河南六市第一次联考)10.Annoyed,he sat by a path of the mountain while a farmer carrying a large bunch of firewood came down from the mountain.(2016沈阳第一次质量监测)9.butthough/although句意:尽管队伍很长,我下午还是去火车站设法帮爷爷奶奶买到了两张票。此处表让步关系,故用though或although。10
37、.whilewhenwhile引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词只能用延续性动词,而came down为短暂性动词,故用when引导时间状语从句。-36-11.People used to communicate with each other through letters and public phones.So nowadays they use mobile phones and the Internet instead.(2016石家庄调研检测)12.Itll be minutes after you get their reply.(2016石家庄调研检测)11.SoBut根据语境可知,
38、上下句表示逻辑上的转折关系,故用连词But。12.afterbefore此处为固定句型“it+be+时间段+before.”,意为“多久以后”,故用before引导时间状语从句。-37-13.My mum worried a lot;so everything went smoothly.(2016武汉调研)14.Inside it,I found some money or a card with a phone number.(2016兰州诊断)13.sobut前半句说母亲很担心,后半句说一切顺利;前后分句之间为转折关系,故应用转折连词but。14.orand根据语境可知,此处表示逻辑上的
39、并列关系,故用连词and。-38-15.Or perhaps they just want to connect with us and are doing it all wrong.(2016湖北七市教科协作体联考)16.Second,I have been learning painting after I was a small boy.(2016兰州高三实战)15.andbut句意:也许他们只是想和我们沟通,但是他们全做错了。前后句之间为转折关系,应用but。16.aftersince句意:其次,我从小就一直学习绘画。故应用since。-39-17.Like many small to
40、wns in the southern area,which has a lot of small bridges going over clean streams.(2016郑州第二次质量预测)18.I didnt begin to like our houseparents when something happened one night.(2016东北三省四市教研联合体二模)17.whichit由该句结构可知,“Like many small towns in the southern area”为该句的状语,句子缺少主语;该句不是定语从句,故将which改为it。18.whenunt
41、ilnot.until表示“直到才”,为固定搭配。句意:直到一天晚上发生了一件事情,我才开始喜欢我们的宿管。-40-.短文改错Dear Julie,Im very sorry to hear that your right foot has injured in the community volunteer service work,and that you could not continue to work.I understand his feeling,but I believe things will pick out soon.Here is my tips for your f
42、oot recovery.Firstly,you should have a good rest and walk fewer.Secondly,lift your right leg higher while sleeping,in which will help you get better quickly.During your recovery,you can read about cure for your injured foot from Internet or medical magazines.If you have any problem,please letting me
43、 know.I sincerely hope that you will get better soon but continue with your community volunteer service work.Yours,Li Hua-41-42-43-1.第一段第一句中的haswas考查语态和时态。foot与injure之间为被动关系,且“受伤”发生在过去,所以用was。2.第一段第二句中的hisyour考查代词。本文是写给Julie的一封信,判断应用第二人称,故改为your。3.第一段第二句中的outup考查固定短语。根据“我相信情况很快就会好转”可知用pick up“好转”。pi
44、ck out意为“挑选出”。4.第二段第一句中的isare考查主谓一致。句子的主语是tips,为复数,所以用are。5.第二段第二句中的fewerless考查副词。few用来修饰可数名词的复数;而这里修饰的是动词walk,所以用less。-44-6.第二段第三句中的in去掉考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中做主语,所以in多余。7.第二段第四句中的curecures考查名词的复数。cure“治疗方法”,为可数名词,根据语境判断应该用复数。8.第二段第四句中的Internet前加the考查冠词。Internet通常与定冠词the连用。9.第二段第五句中的lettinglet考查动词。此处为祈使句,所以用动词原形。10.第三段中的butand考查连词。前后分句为并列关系,所以用and。
