1、非谓语动词非谓语动词（NNONON-PREDICATEPREDICATE V VERBSERBS）一、明确谓语动词和非谓语动词的一、明确谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式形式的区别的区别 二、明确谓语动词的二、明确谓语动词的否定否定与谓语语动词与谓语语动词否定否定的的 区别区别 三、明确句子三、明确句子谓语的主语谓语的主语与与非谓语逻辑主语非谓语逻辑主语的的 区别区别 四、能够运用非谓语动词的解题策略解所给练四、能够运用非谓语动词的解题策略解所给练 习题习题 一、一、明确谓语动词和明确谓语动词和非谓语动词的非谓语动词的形式形式的区别的区别（一）阅读下列句子，注意划线部分的谓语动词的构成（一）阅读下列句
2、子，注意划线部分的谓语动词的构成（时态、语态和语气时态、语态和语气）1.He lives in Beijing.2.He is writing a novel now3.A taxi wasnt at all necessary.4.Mary was making a dress.5.I have written me two letters so far.6.We had learnt 30 lessons by the end of last month.7.He will help his sister with her lessons.8.She would lose the key!
3、9.We shall be having a meeting in a minute.10.I have been painting the living room all day.11.John would be flying to America.12.Before long,he will have forgotten all about it.13.He had been studying English before entering the college.14.By the time the sun sets,they will have been working on the
4、farm for six hours.15.She told me that she would have been teaching English for 30 years at the end of this year.16.He said he would have finished the work then.17.He was born in Beijing in 1965.18.You should have cleaned the room.19.Listen carefully.归纳总结归纳总结 1-16都是陈述语气、分别用了动词都是陈述语气、分别用了动词的的16种时态、主动
5、语态；种时态、主动语态；17是过去是过去时、被动语态、陈述语气；时、被动语态、陈述语气；18主动、主动、虚拟。虚拟。19祈使句。祈使句。谓语动词形式：谓语动词形式：除除了一般现在时和过去是以外，都包含了一般现在时和过去是以外，都包含一个系动词或助动词或情态动词一个系动词或助动词或情态动词。用表格表示如下：用表格表示如下：一般式一般式完成完成进行进行完成进行完成进行现在现在take/takestake/takeshave/has have/has takentakenam/is/are am/is/are takingtakinghave/has have/has been takingbeen
6、 taking过去过去tooktookhad takenhad takenwas/were was/were takingtakinghad been had been takingtaking现在现在将来将来Will/shall Will/shall taketakewill have will have takentakenwill/shall will/shall be takingbe takingwill/shall will/shall have been have been takingtaking过去过去将来将来Would/shoulWould/should taked tak
7、ewould/shoulwould/should have d have takentakenwould/would/should be should be takingtakingwould/would/should have should have been takingbeen taking谓语动词的形式（以谓语动词的形式（以taketake为例）主动语态为例）主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成完成进行进行现在现在am/is/are am/is/are takentakenhave/has have/has been takenbeen takenam/is/are am/is/a
8、re being being takentaken过去过去was/were was/were takentakenhad been had been takentakenwas/were was/were being being takentaken现在现在将来将来Will/shall be Will/shall be takentakenwill have will have been takenbeen taken过去过去将来将来Would/should Would/should be takenbe takenwould/would/should should have been hav
9、e been takentaken（二）阅读下列句子注意划线部分（二）阅读下列句子注意划线部分非谓语动词非谓语动词的构成的构成 不定式不定式1.The last one to arrive pays the meal.2.He pretended to be listening to me carefully.3.She is said to have just completed a novel.4.The experiment was said to have been done twice.5.The meeting to be held next week is very import
10、ant.过去分词过去分词6.The meeting held last week is very important.现在分词现在分词7.The meeting being held now is very important.8.He is a student at Oxford University,studying for a degree in computer science.9.Having failed to reach them on the phone,we sent an email instead.10.The country has already sent up th
11、ree unmanned spacecraft,the most recent having been launched at the end of last March.名称名称一般形式一般形式完成形式完成形式进行形式进行形式不定式主不定式主动形式动形式to taketo taketo have takento have takento be to be takingtaking不定式被不定式被动动形式动动形式to be to be takentakento have been to have been takentakenV-V-inging主动主动形式形式takingtakinghavi
12、ng takenhaving takenV-V-inging被动被动形式形式being being takentakenhaving been having been takentakenVedVed形式形式takentaken非谓动词形式非谓动词形式归纳总结归纳总结:不定式前面都有一个小品词不定式前面都有一个小品词to;to;现在分词是现在分词是 动词后加动词后加inging构成；规则过去分词是动词后加构成；规则过去分词是动词后加eded。1.A.change 1.A.change B.changing B.changing C.changedC.changed D.to D.to chan
13、gechange2.A.hasnt lived B.didnt live C.hadnt lived D.2.A.hasnt lived B.didnt live C.hadnt lived D.doesnt livedoesnt live3.A.Find B.Finding3.A.Find B.Finding C.To findC.To findD.Found D.Found 4.A.caught B.to have caught C.to catch D.having 4.A.caught B.to have caught C.to catch D.having caughtcaught5
14、.A.block5.A.block B.to blockB.to blockC.blockingC.blockingD.blockedD.blocked6.A.takes B.took C.will be taken D.has 6.A.takes B.took C.will be taken D.has takentaken7.A.didnt work7.A.didnt work B.wasnt workingB.wasnt working C.doesnt workC.doesnt workD.D.isnt workingisnt working二、二、明确谓语动词的明确谓语动词的否定否定
15、与谓语语动词与谓语语动词否定否定的区别的区别谓语动词谓语动词 非谓语动词非谓语动词 He He doesnt likedoesnt like mathsmaths.She She isntisnt comingcoming tomorrow.They tomorrow.They havent havent donedone the experiment.the experiment.The engine The engine wontwont start.start.You You mustnt leavemustnt leave things every where.things every
16、 where.He He didnt playdidnt play basketball yesterday.basketball yesterday.Not knowing what to Not knowing what to dodo,he turned to the teacher for help.He told me not to open not to open the windowthe window.Not well designedNot well designed,the bridge collapsed soon after it was completed.His n
17、ot coming on His not coming on timetime let me down.阅读下列句子，区别谓语和非谓语的阅读下列句子，区别谓语和非谓语的否定否定 归纳总结：归纳总结：谓语动词的否定借助于谓语动词的否定借助于助动词助动词+not来实现来实现 非谓语的否定借助于非谓语的否定借助于not来实现来实现 Its a long time since I saw my sister._ her this weekend?2007 全国卷I A.Why not visit B.why not to visit C.Why not visiting D.Why dont visi
18、t The lawyer listened with full attention，to miss any point.10四川卷17 A.not trying B.trying not C.to try not D.not to try 三、三、明确句子明确句子谓语的主语谓语的主语与与非谓语逻辑主语非谓语逻辑主语的区别的区别阅读下列句子说出谓语动词和非谓语动词动作的执行或承受者阅读下列句子说出谓语动词和非谓语动词动作的执行或承受者 主语 逻辑主语逻辑主语 The tableThe table is made in China.is made in China.HeHe cant jump t
19、hat high.cant jump that high.The taller of the two boysThe taller of the two boys is is absent.absent.To seeTo see is to believe.is to believe.SeeingSeeing is believing.is believing.What he saidWhat he said was right then.was right then.It It is said is said that he will visit that he will visit Chi
20、naChina.He told me to leave at once.（不定式作宾补）（不定式作宾补）He spoke in a loud voice to make himself heard.（不定式作状语）（不定式作状语）He offered to help us.（不定式作宾语）（不定式作宾语）Walking in the street,he happened to meet Jane.（分词作状语）（分词作状语）The trees planted last year grow well.（定语）（定语）People there were all excited at the new
21、s.（分（分词作表语）词作表语）I I found him him lying on the grass.lying on the grass.（分词宾补）（分词宾补）Its important for you to master a foreign language.（不定式的逻辑主语）（不定式的逻辑主语）It was careless of us to forget to lock the door.（不定式的逻辑主语）（不定式的逻辑主语）His leaving is a great loss.（动名词）（动名词）归纳总结：归纳总结：谓语动词的主语谓语动词的主语是用名词、代词、不定式、是用
22、名词、代词、不定式、动名词还有从句担任动名词还有从句担任,一般放在谓语动词前一般放在谓语动词前面面.非谓语动词的逻辑主语非谓语动词的逻辑主语是由是由句子的成分句子的成分兼任的（作兼任的（作状语状语由由主语主语、作宾补作宾补由由宾语宾语、作作定语定语由修饰的由修饰的中心词中心词、作、作表语表语由由主语主语兼任）兼任）;（个别不定式使用（个别不定式使用for sb或或of sb 和动名词是用形容词性的物主代词做宾和动名词是用形容词性的物主代词做宾语是可以用宾格来代替）语是可以用宾格来代替）四、四、初步掌握解决非谓语动初步掌握解决非谓语动词的问题方法词的问题方法（一）基本句型（一）基本句型观察下面句
23、子（基本句型），判断一下他们都有哪些共观察下面句子（基本句型），判断一下他们都有哪些共同的成分（主语、谓语、宾语、表语）同的成分（主语、谓语、宾语、表语）1.He lives in Beijing.2.He is writing a novel now3.A taxi wasnt at all necessary.4.I have written me two letters so far.5.I found him lying on the grass.6.There are many types of businesses in a free-market economy.归纳总结归纳总结
24、：一个句子里有一个主语和一个谓语。一个句子里有一个主语和一个谓语。一个中心一个中心 狭义上讲：狭义上讲：一个句子只有一个主语和一个谓语动词。一个句子只有一个主语和一个谓语动词。主语谓语状语时态语态语气过去现在将来一一般般过过去去过过去去进进行行过过去去将将来来过过去去完完成成过过去去完完成成进进行行一一般般现现在在现现在在进进行行现现在在完完成成现现在在完完成成进进行行一一般般将将来来将将来来进进行行将将来来完完成成主主动动语语态态被被动动语语态态陈陈述述语语气气祈祈使使语语气气虚虚拟拟语语气气谓语系动词不及物动词及物动词主系表主谓结构单宾语双宾语复合宾语主谓宾主谓宾宾主谓宾宾补（二）非谓语动
25、词的基本用法（二）非谓语动词的基本用法1、他躺在那里。、他躺在那里。He lay there.2、他躺在那里望着天空、他躺在那里望着天空。A.有连词有连词:He lay there and looked into the sky.B.没有连词没有连词:He lay there,looking into the sky.两种翻译都对，为什么第一句用的是并列两种翻译都对，为什么第一句用的是并列谓语而第二句是非谓语？谓语而第二句是非谓语？因为因为第一句里面第一句里面有连词；第二句没连词因此用非谓语。有连词；第二句没连词因此用非谓语。归纳总结归纳总结：3 3、她站在那里和王菲聊天。、她站在那里和王菲聊
26、天。She stood there and talked with She stood there and talked with WangFeiWangFei.She stood there,talking with She stood there,talking with WangFeiWangFei.4 4、他边急急忙忙的走走边向后看。、他边急急忙忙的走走边向后看。He walked hurriedly and looked behind.He walked hurriedly and looked behind.He walked hurriedly,looking behind.He
27、 walked hurriedly,looking behind.5.5.他起的很早，赶上了早班车。他起的很早，赶上了早班车。He got up early and caught the early bus.He got up early and caught the early bus.He got up early He got up early，catching the early bus.catching the early bus.阅读下列句子，观察下列阅读下列句子，观察下列非谓语动词语逻辑主语的关系非谓语动词语逻辑主语的关系（主动还是被动）（主动还是被动）；与谓语动词时间的关系与谓
28、语动词时间的关系（之前、同时还是之后发生）（之前、同时还是之后发生）1.He lay there,looking into the sky.2.Driven by a greater demand of vegetables,farmers have built more green houses.3.With Fathers Day around the corner,I have taken some money out of the bank to buy presents.4.Having failed to reach them on the phone,we sent an ema
29、il instead.5.She is said to have just completed a novel.总结总结:非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系：非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系：表示表示主动主动用用V-V-inging、表示表示被动被动用用V-edV-ed；与谓语动词时间的关系：与谓语动词时间的关系：同时同时发生用发生用:v-ingv-ing的一般形式的一般形式、发生在之发生在之前前用用:having done:having done完成形式；完成形式；发生在之发生在之后后用用:不定式的一般形式不定式的一般形式。一个中心；两个基本点：一个中心；两个基本点：一个句子只有一个主语和一个谓语，这是构
30、成一个句子只有一个主语和一个谓语，这是构成句子的核心；出现第二个动词时，如果有连词句子的核心；出现第二个动词时，如果有连词那就是并列谓语，如果没有连词就使用非谓语。那就是并列谓语，如果没有连词就使用非谓语。使用非谓语时要使用非谓语时要明确两种关系明确两种关系：一是与逻辑主一是与逻辑主语的关系语的关系，与逻辑主语是被动关系使用过去分，与逻辑主语是被动关系使用过去分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系使用现在分词；词，与逻辑主语是主动关系使用现在分词；第第二种关系是非谓语动词发生的时间与谓语动词二种关系是非谓语动词发生的时间与谓语动词的关系：的关系：与谓语动词同时发生使用现在分词的与谓语动词同时发生使用现在分
31、词的一般形式（一般形式（doingdoing）、先于谓语发生使用现在分）、先于谓语发生使用现在分词的完成形式词的完成形式(having done)(having done)有时也用有时也用(to have(to have done)done)、后于谓语发生使用不定式的一般形式、后于谓语发生使用不定式的一般形式(to do).(to do).Dont sit there _ nothing.Come and help me with this table.(06湖北34)A.do B.to do C.doing D.and doingIm calling to enquire about the
32、 position in yesterdays China Daily.（10北京卷25）.A.advertised B.to be advertised C.advertising D.having advertised There were many talented actors out there just waiting .(江西卷32)A.to discover B.to be discovered C.discovered D.being discovered_ many times,he finally understood it.（四川卷10）A.Told B.Telling
33、 C.Having told D.Having been told ,you need to give all you have and try your best.（辽宁卷27)A Being a winner B To be a winner C Be a winner D Having been a winner阅读下列句子辨析分词阅读下列句子辨析分词不定式不定式的的被动语态被动语态与与过去分词过去分词的区别：的区别：The meeting being held now is very important.The meeting to be held next week is very
34、important.The meeting held last week is very important.归纳总结：归纳总结：现在分词的被动语态表示动作正在进现在分词的被动语态表示动作正在进 行、不定式表示将来发生而过去分词行、不定式表示将来发生而过去分词 表示已经发生。表示已经发生。We are invited to a party _in our club next Friday.（山东卷（山东卷22）A.to be held B.held C.being held D.holding 1.It rained.2.I stayed at home.A、有连词、有连词1、并列句、并列句I
35、t rained so/and I stayed at home.并列连词并列连词：and,or,but,so,for,when,while,neither nor,either or,not but,not only but also（三）并列句、复合（三）并列句、复合句、独立主格结构句、独立主格结构 2、复合句、复合句Because it rained yesterday,I stayed at home.1.There are 50 students in our class.2.30 of them are girls.There are 50 students in our clas
36、s and 30 of them are girls.There are 50 students in our class,30 of whom are girls.1.It rained.2.I stayed at home.B、没连词、没连词It raining,I stayed at home.With the problems settled,the boss felt relaxed.With a lot of dishes to wash,I can not go with you.With a lot of dishes to be washed,the kitchen is o
37、ut of order.1.It rained.2.I stayed at home.（三）独立主格结构（三）独立主格结构 归纳总结：归纳总结：两个句子分别要有自己的主语和谓语，两个句子分别要有自己的主语和谓语，如果用如果用并列连词并列连词连接就形成连接就形成并列句并列句；用用从属连词从属连词连接就构成连接就构成复合句复合句。但是两部分放在一起，没有连词连接那就但是两部分放在一起，没有连词连接那就是一个句子，就一个主语和谓语，另一部是一个句子，就一个主语和谓语，另一部分就是分就是名词名词+非谓语非谓语。The country has already sent up three unmanned
38、 spacecraft,the most recent _at the end of last March.2007 山东卷 Ahas been launched Bhaving been launched Cbeing launched Dto be launched John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _,he gladly accepted it.2007 安徽卷 A.finished B.finishing C.having finished D.was finished（四）连词（四）连词+分词分词I wal
39、ked along the street yesterdayI walked along the street yesterdayI met Mr.Wang.I met Mr.Wang.When I walked along the street yesterday,I met When I walked along the street yesterday,I met Mr.Wang.Mr.Wang.When walking along the street yesterday,I met When walking along the street yesterday,I met Mr.Wa
40、ng.Mr.Wang.I wont go there,unless I am invited.I wont go there,unless I am invited.I wont go there,unless invited.I wont go there,unless invited.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if _ regularly,can improve our health.（浙江卷8）A.being carried out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carr
41、y out Every evening after dinner,if not from work,I will spend some time walking my dog.(湖南卷21）A.being tiredB.tiring C.tired D.to be tired1.The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons _ for the day.2007 重庆卷 A.finishing B.finished C.had finished D.were finished2.Suddenly,a tall man d
42、riving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away_ into the woods.(04上海春季）A.seizing,disappeared B.seized,disappeared C.seizing,disappearing D.seized,disappearing3._ the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.（09湖南卷30）A.Completing B.Complete C.Completed D.To complete4._that he
43、was in great danger,Eric walked deeper into the forest.（09浙江卷10）A.Not realized B.Not to realize C.Not realizing D.Not to have realized5.at my classmates faces,I read the same excitement in their eyes.(10北京卷21)A.Looking B.Look C.To look D.Looked6.Mrs.White showed her student some old maps _from the l
44、ibrary.(10全国I 27)A.to borrow B.to be borrowed C.borrowed D.borrowing7.Dina,_ for months to find a job as a waitress,finally took a position at a local advertising agency.（10湖南卷26）A.struggling B.struggled C.having struggled D.to struggle8.There were many talented actors out there just waiting .(10江西卷
45、32)A.to discover B.to be discovered C.discoveredD.being discovered9.Though _to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.(10全国II)A.surprising B.was surprised C.surprised D.being surprised10.In order to make our city green,_.A.it is necessary to have planted more trees B.many more trees need to plant C.our city needs more trees D.we must plant more trees
