1、一、Listening and Speaking二、Listening and Talking三、Discovering Useful Structures四、Reading for Writing概要写作Unit 4 Natural Disasters 一、Listening and Speaking主题语境人与自然之灾害防范【语境概说】本单元的主题是人与自然，涉及的话题是自然灾害与防范、安全常识与自我保护。单元话题可以使学生了解自然灾害，培养学生的灾害防范意识，对学生进行防灾减灾教育。同时，鼓励学生开展小组活动，增强合作意识。Misfortunes tell us what fortune
2、 is.不经灾难不知福。The last drop of humans will be tears of regret after environmental damage.人类的最后一滴水将是环境破坏后悔恨的眼泪。Nature is kind of a loving mother，but also a butcher in cold blood.自然不仅是慈爱的母亲，也是冷血的屠夫。Section Listening and Speaking1.Translate the following words and phrases.disaster n._drought n._slide vi.
3、&vt._ flood n._vi._vt._volcanic eruption _ rescue n.&vt._ 灾难；灾害旱灾；久旱(使)滑行；滑动 洪水；大量淹没；大量涌入 使灌满水；淹没火山喷发营救；救援damage n.&vt._ survive vi._ vt._destroy vt._ death n._affect vt._ shelter n._ vt._ vi._ 损失；损害生存；存活幸存；艰难度过 摧毁；毁灭死；死亡影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 避难处；居所；庇护保护；掩蔽躲避(风雨或危险)2.Brainstorming：Have you ever experienced
4、 any natural disasters？How many kinds of natural disasters do you know?_fire，earthquake，hurricane，flood，landslide，tsunami，tornado，drought3.Describe what happened during the earthquake.4.Finish Ex.1 on Page 48.destroyedruinscrackedinjuredFinish Ex.2&Ex.3 on Page 48.1.SpeakingFinish Ex.4 on Page 49 by
5、 following the example.Good morning.Today is 13 May.A huge earthquake hit Wenchua,China,yesterday afternoon.At least 8,500 people were killed by 13 May in the 7.8 magnitude earthquake.Rescue workers and soldiers are working day and night to dig out those trapped in the ruins and help the survivors.2
6、.Pronunciation(1)听录音，对比发音清辅音/p/t/k/f/s/t/tr/ts/浊辅音/b/d/v/z/d/dr/dz/(2)听词汇辨-ed结尾的发音第一组：reached，kissed，talked，washed，finished，helped规律：-ed在清辅音后读：_第二组：enjoyed，welcomed，answered，carried，worried规律：-ed在浊辅音及元音后读：_第三组：wanted，started，needed，counted，painted，visited，added规律：-ed在/t/或/d/后读：_/t/d/id/语言知识积累.单词1.st
7、rike v.袭击；灾难突然发生2.severe adj.严重的；严厉的3.rubbish n.垃圾；废物4.recover v.痊愈5.uncertain adj.不确定的6.concern n.担心；关心7.exist vi.存在；生存8.attack v.攻击；袭击9.unite v.团结；联合10.hopeless adj.没有希望的，绝望的.短语1.rescue team 救援队2.donate.to.向捐赠3.rebuild ones home 重建某人的家园4.take on a new look 呈现新面貌5.put up 搭建；张贴；提高文化知识习得震级震级是指地震的大小；是
8、以地震仪测定的每次地震活动释放的能量多少来确定的。中国目前使用的震级标准，是国际上通用的里氏分级表，共分9个等级，在实际测量中，震级则是根据地震仪对地震波所作的记录计算出来的。地震愈大，震级的数字也愈大，震级每差一级，通过地震释放的能量约差32倍。学习策略形成1.听力技巧点拨听力训练有非常多的形式：将听到的词或句子选出来、配对题、真假题、填充题、选择题、补全句子题、图表完成题。在听前，根据标题、图片、问题或选项可以预测听力材料的大体内容。根据问题和选项进行预测是最常用的方法，一般的听力材料，大多数要求学生回答问题或选择正确答案，这些题目本身便为学生提供了可预测的内容。迅速浏览一下所提出的问题或
9、问题中的选项，便能在听之前了解相当一部分信息。2.清辅音与浊辅音的区别英语辅音音素分清辅音与浊辅音，发音时声带不振动的是清辅音，如：/p/，/t/，/k/，/f/，/s/。发音时声带振动的是浊辅音，如：/b/，/d/，/，/v/，/z/。英语辅音大部分是成对的，分清浊两种。如：/p，b/，/t，d/，/k，/，/f，v/。英语中有一部分辅音是不成对的，如：/m/，/n/，/l/，/r/，/j/，/w/没有对应的清辅音，/h/没有对应的浊辅音。1.rescue n.&vt.营救，救援What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flo
10、od-hit area?(教材P48)救援人员和士兵在受灾地区做什么？合作探究体会rescue的用法和意义The rescue car broke down on our way to the flooded area.这辆救援车在我们去洪灾地区的路上出故障了。Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building.直升机从着火大楼的楼顶救出了将近20人。He held on to a branch until we came to his rescue.他抓住一根树枝，直到我们把他救下来。自主发现c
11、ome to/go to sb.s rescue_援救某人_ 从营救某人/某物 rescue sb.rescue sb./sth.from.词块积累rescue team营救队wait to be rescued 等待救援巩固内化(1)单句语法填空Tom rescued a boy _ the river on his way home.(2)补全句子When we were trapped in the ruins，the soldiers _.当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。fromcame to our rescue 2.damage n.&vt.损失；损害Which buildi
12、ngs were damaged in Seoul?(教材P48)首尔哪些建筑物受损？合作探究体会damage的用法和意义Damage caused by the earthquake disaster cant be ignored.地震灾害导致的损失不容忽视。Eating too much meat one time will cause/do damage to your stomach.一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。As we all know，smoking can damage our health.众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。自主发现cause/do damage _对造
13、成损害；损害_ 损害某人的健康巩固内化补全句子 Y o u r f a t h e r i s a n g r y b e c a u s e y o u h a v e _ the flower beds.(damage n.)你把花坛损坏了，你父亲对此非常生气。He had an accident and _.(damage vt.)他遇到意外事故，把自行车弄坏了。todamage ones health caused/done damage todamaged the bike3.affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动effect n.效应；影响；结果 vt.引起；实现；使发生
14、82 killed，500，000 affected(教材P49)82人死亡，50万人受影响合作探究体会affect与effect的用法和意义The noise from the coming and going cars of the road affected our study.马路上来往车辆的噪音_了我们的学习。Most people present at the meeting were deeply affected by his speech.出席会议的大多数人被他的演讲_了。My parents divorce had a great effect on me.父母的离婚给我带
15、来了很大的_。影响深深打动影响自主发现affect sb./sth.影响某人/某事be deeply _.被深深打动have an effect _.对有影响辨析比较(1)affect主要用作动词，意为“影响”，相当于have an effect on。(2)effect作动词时指“引起；实现；使发生”，着重“造成”一种特殊的效果。作名词时指affect(影响)的结果，常用于短语have an effect on.中，表示“对有影响”。affected byon巩固内化(1)选词填空(affect/effect)Dont play around here!Your noise _ my job
16、 badly.Playing computer games too much will have a bad _ on your study.(2)补全句子The firefighters lung _ because of breathing in the poisonous gas.由于吸入了有毒气体，那位消防队员的肺部受到了侵袭。What you say or do will _ others.你所说或所做的每一件事都会对别人产生影响。affectseffectwas affected have an effect on 4.shelter n.C避难处；居所 U庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽
17、vi.躲避(风雨或危险)Shelters set up by the government(教材P49)政府设立的庇护所合作探究体会shelter的用法和意义Its so hot，and wed better find a tree to take shelter from the sun.太热了，我们最好找棵大树来遮阳。We sat in the shade，sheltering from the sun.我们坐在背阴处，避免被晒到。Trees shelter the house from the wind.树给房子挡住了风。自主发现take shelter _.躲避_ 保护/遮蔽不/免受_
18、 躲避巩固内化单句语法填空They found shelter _ the storm in a garage.We must find a place _(shelter)from the downpour.思考请说出shelter作及物动词时的同义词并造句。_fromshelter.from.shelter from.fromto shelterprotectThe wall can protect/shelter our houses from being flooded.二、Listening and Talking1.Translate the following words and
19、 phrases.power n._tap vi.&vt._ n._pipe n._ 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍水龙头；轻叩；轻敲管子；管道whistle vt.&vi._ n._aid n._ vi.&vt._kit n._on hand _stay calm _emergency supplies _ 吹口哨哨子(声)；呼啸声援助；帮助；救援物资帮助；援助成套工具；成套设备现有(尤指帮助)保持冷静应急物资2.Brainstorming：When it comes to a disaster，we may think of Wenchuan Earthquake.Do y
20、ou know what damage an earthquake will bring about?_It is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earths crust.Earthquakes may result in diseases,lack of basic necessities,loss of life,general property damage,road and bridge damage and sometimes landslides,fires,floods and even tsunamis.Fini
21、sh Ex.1 on Page 53.TalkingFinish Ex.4 on Page 53 by following the example.语言知识积累小议祈使句祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。1.肯定的祈使句(1)动词原形其他Stand up,please.Please stand up.请起立。(2)Beadj.Be careful!Look out!Take care!小心/当心！(3)Lets动词原形Lets go to school together.咱们一起上学去吧。2.否定的祈使句(1)Dont动
22、词原形Dont let them play with fire.别让他们玩火。(2)Lets(let us)not动词原形Lets not say anything about it.对于这件事，咱们什么也别说。1.power n.电力供应；能量；力量；权力powerful adj.强有力的Go to an open space away from buildings,trees,or power lines.(教材P53)去一个开阔的地方，远离建筑物、树木或电线。合作探究体会power的用法和意义China is a country where the people are in power
23、.中国是个人民掌权的国家。It is reported that as soon as the new president comes to power，he will meet with a lot of problems.据报道，新总统一上台就会有很多问题(需要解决)。With years hard practice，he now has the power to finish the action perfectly.经过数年的艰苦训练，现在他能完美地完成这个动作。The difficult job is beyond my power.这工作太难了，我干不了。自主发现be in pow
24、er 执政；掌权(状态)_ 上台；执政(动作)_ to do sth.具有做某事的能力beyond/out of ones power 某人力所不能及的词块积累seize power夺取政权turn off the power关掉电源come to powerhave the power巩固内化补全句子Since he _,he has been _ for almost five years.自从他上台，已执政将近五年了。Im afraid its _ to help you.我恐怕无力帮助你。came to powerin powerbeyond my power2.calm adj.镇静
25、的；沉着的；平静的 vt.&vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定Stay calm.(教材P53)保持冷静。合作探究体会calm的用法和意义Calm down!There is nothing to worry about.冷静下来！没有什么可担心的。She tried to calm them down but only to make matters worse.她尽力使他们平静下来，不料却适得其反。Tina tried to ignore the danger,and did her best to keep calm.蒂娜试图不理睬危险，尽量保持镇静。自主发现_ 平静下来_ 保持镇静_ 使某人
26、平静/镇定下来辨析比较(1)calm意为“平静的，沉着的”。指无风浪或人的心情不激动。(2)quiet意为“宁静的，安静的”。指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、忧虑。(3)still意为“静止的，不动的”。指没有运动或动作的状态。(4)silent意为“寂静的，沉默的，不出声的”。指没有声音或不讲话。calm downkeep calmcalm sb.down巩固内化(1)选词填空(calm/quiet/still/silent)She is a _ girl.She stood _ and kept _ when the teacher asked her some questions.Bu
27、t after a while she answered all the questions in a _ voice.(2)补全句子He _ before danger.How brave he is!在危险面前他保持镇静。太勇敢了！After she _,she sang better.她平静下来后，歌唱得更好了。quietstillsilentcalmremained/kept calmcalmed down 三、Discovering Useful Structures定语从句定语从句(Restrictive relative clauses)()that,which,who,whom
28、,whose引导的定语从句引导的定语从句【情境探究情境探究】观察上面对话观察上面对话,并完成句子并完成句子1.The book _ he bought yesterday is very interesting.他昨天买的那本书很有趣。他昨天买的那本书很有趣。2.Do you know the boy _ just came in?你认识那个刚刚进来的男孩吗你认识那个刚刚进来的男孩吗?that/whichwho3.He has moved into a house _ face the sea.他已经搬进了一个窗子朝向大海的房子。他已经搬进了一个窗子朝向大海的房子。whose windows【
29、要义详析要义详析】一、分类一、分类:定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。语从句。1.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切关系十分密切,书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语词在限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词通常可以省关系代词通常可以省略。略。*Shanghai is a city(that)Ive alway
30、s wanted to visit.上海是我一直想参观的城市。上海是我一直想参观的城市。2.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句它只是对先行词作附加补充说明它只是对先行词作附加补充说明,如果去掉如果去掉,主句主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切很密切,书写时往往用逗号书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句分开。非限制性定语从句不用不用that引导。引导。*The old woman,who lives on her own,has a cat for company.这个这个老妇人一个人住老妇人一个人住,养了一只猫陪伴她。养了一只猫
31、陪伴她。二、关系代词的用法二、关系代词的用法定语从句的关系代词有定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who,whom以以及及whose。*How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday?你认为上周日上映的电影怎么样你认为上周日上映的电影怎么样?(指物指物,作主语作主语)*Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?你认识坐在那里的那位绅士吗你认识坐在那里的那位绅士吗?(指人指人,作主语作主语)*The man(who/whom/that)youre talkin
32、g to is my friend.和你谈话的那个人是我朋友。和你谈话的那个人是我朋友。(指人指人,作宾语作宾语)*The palace(which/that)I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.我经常去参观的那座宫殿建于我经常去参观的那座宫殿建于17世纪。世纪。(指物指物,作宾语作宾语)*Children whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.饮食富含高脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。饮食富含高脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。(指人指人,作定作定语语)【名师点津名师点津】
33、whose还是还是which关系代词在定语从句中作定语关系代词在定语从句中作定语时时,无论无论指人还是指人还是指物，都要用指物，都要用whose，而不能用，而不能用which。*Thats the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.那是一台零件小到看不见的新机器。那是一台零件小到看不见的新机器。*Have you seen the film Titanic,whose leading actor is world-famous?你看过你看过泰坦尼克号泰坦尼克号这部电影吗这部电影吗?它的男主角是世它的男主角是世界著名的。界著名的。【
34、知识延伸知识延伸】关系代词的用法与分类依据关系代词的用法与分类依据1.根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性;2.根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物;3.根据它在从句中所充当的成分根据它在从句中所充当的成分主语、宾语或定主语、宾语或定语。语。【即学活用即学活用】用定语从句合并句子。用定语从句合并句子。(1)I live next door to a couple.Their children often make a lot of noise._I live next door to a couple whose children o
35、ften make a lot of noise.(2)The man is from Peking University.I talked about the man at the meeting._ _The man(who/whom/that)I talked about at the meeting is from Peking University.(3)The boy is sitting on the chair.The boy is my brother._The boy who/that is sitting on the chair is my brother.(4)The
36、 city is near the sea.The city is very beautiful._The city which/that is near the sea is very beautiful.三、关系代词三、关系代词that与与which的用法辨析的用法辨析1.只用只用that而不用而不用which 的情况的情况(1)先行词有形容词最高级修饰时先行词有形容词最高级修饰时*Henry is the most energetic young man that I have ever come across.亨利是我见过的最有活力的年轻人。亨利是我见过的最有活力的年轻人。(2)先行词
37、有序数词修饰时先行词有序数词修饰时*This is the third time that they have met.这是他们第三次见面。这是他们第三次见面。(3)先行词为先行词为all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing,none 等不定等不定代词代词,或被或被不定代词不定代词修饰时修饰时*Nothing that the teacher does doesnt influence his students.老师所做的事情没有不影响到他的学生的。老师所做的事情没有不影响到他的学生的。(4)先行词既有人又有物时先行词既有人又有物时*He t
38、alked about the schools and teachers that he had visited.他谈论了他拜访过的学校和老师。他谈论了他拜访过的学校和老师。(5)先行词前面有先行词前面有the very,the only,the last,the same等词修饰时等词修饰时*This is the very room that I slept in that evening.这正是我那天晚上睡觉的房间。这正是我那天晚上睡觉的房间。*This is the only thing that we can do now.这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。【名
39、师点津名师点津】the same.that/as的区别：的区别：the same.that表示表示“同一个同一个”(同一性同一性)the same.as表示表示“类似的一个类似的一个,而不是同一个而不是同一个”(相似性相似性)*This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢的那块手表。这就是我丢的那块手表。(同一个同一个)*I have bought the same watch as you have.我买了一块和你一样的手表。我买了一块和你一样的手表。(相似的相似的,非同一个非同一个)(6)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语
40、时*Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。(7)句中其他位置已出现句中其他位置已出现which，为避免重复，不用，为避免重复，不用which而用而用that。*Which is the car that has overtaken us?超过我们的是哪辆车超过我们的是哪辆车?2.只用只用which 而不用而不用that 的情况的情况(1)引导非限制性定语从句时引导非限制性定语从句时*I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from t
41、he library last week,which my classmates recommended to me.我上周从图书馆借了我上周从图书馆借了夏洛克夏洛克福尔摩斯福尔摩斯这本书这本书,这这是我的同学推荐给我的。是我的同学推荐给我的。(2)在定语从句中在定语从句中,关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时*I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less important.我被置于不得不接受我不重要的境地。我被置于不得不接受我不重要的境地。【名师点津名师点津】强调句与定语从句的区别强调句与定语从句的区别*It was
42、 the student that/who asked the silly question.就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(强调句强调句)*He was the student who asked the silly question.他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。(定语从句定语从句)【即学活用即学活用】选词填空选词填空(that/which)(1)Finally,the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.(2)Have you any books
43、 _ are worth reading?(3)This is the best film _ I have ever seen.thatthatthat(4)Im going to talk about the countries and people _ I have visited.(5)Bamboo is hollow,_ makes it very light.thatwhich 四、Reading and Thinking1.DiscussingWhat do you think may happen before an earthquake?_2.PredictingLook a
44、t the title and the picture and predict what the text is probably about.Bright lights in the sky may appear.Animals may be too nervous to eat.Mice may run out of holes looking for places to hide.Fish may jump out of their pools and ponds.Well walls may have deep cracks.A terrible earthquake is likel
45、y to happen.1.First readingMatch the main idea with each paragraph.Para.1A.The earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan.Para.2 B.The earthquake happened and caused deaths and injuries in Tangshan.Para.3 C.Help came soon after the quakes.Para.4 D.Strange things happened，but no one paid
46、attention to them.Para.5 E.Tangshan came back to life again.答案Para.1 DPara.2 BPara.3 APara.4 CPara.5 E 2.Second readingChoose the best answer according to the text.(1)When did the earthquake happen?A.At night on July 28,1976.B.On the morning of July 28,1976.C.On the afternoon of July 28,1976.D.The w
47、riter didnt tell us.(2)How many people who lived there were dead or injured?A.A half.B.Two thirds.C.One third.D.The text didnt tell us.(3)What does the sentence“Slowly,the city began to breathe again.”mean?A.The city will not die;it has hope and it can recover from the pain.B.The army sent 150,000 s
48、oldiers to Tangshan to help people.C.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.D.Most of the 10,000 miners were rescued.答案(1)B(2)B(3)A3.Third readingFill in the blanks according to the text.Tangshan EarthquakeBefore the earthquakeThe water in the village wells _ and fell again and again.Animals in
49、 the farmyards became too _ to eat.During the earthquakeAt 3：42 am everything began to _.And hard hills of rock became rivers of _.Damages of the earthquakeOver 400，000 people were killed or _ in the earthquake.And nearly everything was _.rosenervous shakedirtinjureddestroyed The help from the whole
50、 nationS o l d i e r s d u g o u t t h o s e w h o w e r e _ and buried the dead.Medical w o r k e r s c a m e t o p r o v i d e m e d i c a l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.W o r k e r s b u i l t _ for survivors.The great success people have achievedThe new city has taken on a new look,with great _ in tr
