1、顶点王牌英语必修3讲义IUnit 1 Festivals around the world1. mean 的用法1). mean doing sth. “意味着（必须要做某事或导致种结果）”, 其主语通常是指事物的词2). mean to do sth. “打算或企图做某事”，主语通常是表示人的名词或代词，过去完成式表示“本来打算做某事”3). mean sb. to do sth. “打算让某人做某事”，也可以用于被动结构4). mean 后接名词、副词或从句, “表示；打算；存心”等意思；后接that 从句，意为“表示”5). be meant for “打算给予；打算作用”In some
2、 parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting2. take place 发生；举行 (不能用于被动语态中!) The performance didnt take place after all. 演出终于没有进行 Was there anybody passing by when the accident took place? 事故发生时，有人路过那里吗？与place相关短语：in the first place （用于列举理由）
3、首先，第一点 in the last place 最后in ones place 处于某人的位置，为某人设身处地想一想 in place 放在原来的位置，就位in place of 代替，用而不用 take ones place 找替某人接替某人的位置3. of all kinds 各种各样的all kinds of 各种各样的 the same kind of 相同种类的 different kinds of 不同种类的 this/that kind of 这（那）种 a kind of 某种That kind of question is very difficult to answer.
4、= Questions of that kind are difficult to answer.We sell all kinds of shoes.= We sell shoes of all kinds. You can see different kinds of animals in the zoo.= You can see animals of different kinds in the zoo. 你在动物园可以看见不同种类的动物用动词的适当形式填空 Books of this kind _ (sell) well in the bookstore. This kind of
5、books _ (sell) well in the bookstore.4. starve v. 挨饿; 饿死 He said he would starve rather than beg for food. 他说他宁愿挨饿也不要饭吃5. plenty n. 富裕days/years/.of plenty 富裕的日子/年月 如：You have a life of plenty, what would you be worried about?plenty pron. 大量; 充足plenty of可修饰可数名词和不可数名词, 用于陈述句如: You neednt hurry. There
6、 is plenty of time left. 你不必慌忙, 剩下的时间很充足Taking plenty of exercise every day keeps you healthy. 每天多运动会使你身体健康6. 1) satisfy vt. 满足,使满意; satisfy sb. satisfied a. 感到满意的; be satisfied withsatisfying a. 令人愉快的 satisfaction n. 满意; to ones satisfactionsatisfactorily ad. 满意地 satisfactory a. 令人满意的She bought a s
7、atisfactory computerits cheap and of high quality.辨析 satisfactory, satisfied, satisfyingsatisfactory 指客观的事物或主观的表现达到要求而令人满意, 主语一般用客体satisfied指主体对事物或表现感到满意, 主语是主体(人)如: She is satisfied with the service. 她对该项服务感到满意satisfying: giving pleasure令人愉快, 主语是不定式. 常用于句型: Its satisfying to do sth. 做.使人满意如:Its sat
8、isfying to learn the success of his son in job-hunting. 得知儿子找到工作,令他非常高兴hurt, injure, harm, damage, wound的区别与用法hurt 普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害,也可精神上, 感情上的伤害如:The girl hurt herself badly in the accident.那位女孩在那次事故中伤得很重injure比hurt正式, hurt多指伤痛, 而injure则指损害健康, 成就, 容貌等, 强调功能的损失如:He injured his hand while playing baske
9、tball.他在打篮球时手受了伤damage主要指对于物的损害,强调对于价值、用途、外观等所造成的损失, 这种损失或因自然灾害所致, 或因人为造成。如: Several cars were damaged in the accident. 好几辆汽车在事故中损坏了wound 指枪伤, 刀伤, 刺伤等皮肉之伤, 是出血的, 严重的伤, 特指战场上受伤, 它可以指肉体上的伤害, 也可指人们精神上的创伤。如: The bullet wounded his left leg. 子弹打伤了他的左腿7.origin n. 起源；源头 如：the origins of the life on earth 地
10、球上生命的起源in memory of/ to the memory of sb. 纪念某人 例句：The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist.8. dress作及物动词时, 不接clothes之类的表示衣服的名词, 而是接表示人的句词或代词, 意思是“给穿衣服”。当表示自己穿衣服时, 则用反身代词, 如：Wake up children and dress them. 唤醒孩子,给他们穿上衣服dress的过去分词常用来构成get dressed与be dressed短语, 前者表示动态, 后者表示静态, 穿何种衣服, 则用介词
11、in. 如：Harry up and get dressed. 快点穿上衣服。 The girl was dressed in red. 这个女孩穿着一身红衣服。dress up是“打扮,化装”，如: You should dress up when you take part in the party.She is _ in red today and looks very beautiful.wearing B. having on C. dressing D. Dressed9. award. n. 奖, 奖品 v. 判给, 授予 award sb. sth. 奖赏某人某物辨析: awa
12、rd 和reward:award后接双宾语 如: award sb. a metal 授予某人奖章reward 奖赏, 酬谢, 不能接双宾语。 reward sb. for sth. 因奖赏某人 reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人例句：She rewarded herself with a cup of coffee after a whole mornings hard work. 10. admire v. 意为“赞赏;钦佩;羡慕;赞美;夸奖” 注意: 表示“在某方面钦佩某人”用“admire sb. for sth.” 例句：We all admire him fo
13、r his courage and bravery. 我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识11. look forward to (doing) sth. 意为期待着(做)某事, 其中的to是介词, 而不是动词不定式符号12. as though和as if没有什么区别。as if用得普遍些, 却可引导方式状语从句和表语从句, 其从句谓语常用虚拟语气(1) 引导方式状语从句 She acted as though nothing had happened 她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的当从句主语和主句主语一致,从句谓语中又含有动词to be时, 可以把主语和to be一起省去He looked about
14、 as though (he was) in search of something 他四处张望, 好像寻找什么(2) 引导表语从句It looks as if its going to rain看样子天要下雨as though和as if从句用虚拟语气, 还是用陈述语气，根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反, 或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气The child talks as if she were an adult. 那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人13. have fun 过得快乐 = have a good time, enjoy oneself. 短语有have f
15、un ( in ) doing sth.14. But she didnt turn up.1) 来, 出席(某活动) Im very happy you turned up so early.2) 把(收音机等)音量开大一些, 反义词turn down. 如Turn up the radio a little, I can scarcely hear the program. turn down 拒绝 turn off 关掉 turn on 打开 turn out 结果是. turn to sb. for help 向某人求助15. keep ones word 守信用， 反义词是break
16、 ones word 失信 注意：keep ones word和break ones word中的名词word不能用复数形式！in a word/in short/to be short 简言之；总之 have a word with sb. 与某人谈话have words with sb. 与某人发生口角 in other words 换句话说16. obvious adj. 1) obvious+ to + 表示人的名词或代词 如：Her disappointment was obvious to her friend.2) It + be + obvious +that-clause 显
17、而易见,一目了然 如：It was obvious that she was in danger.辨析：obvious/apparent/clearobvious 是三者中程度最强的，含有“一目了然” 之意。 如：It is obvious that you are wrong.apparent具有某些明显的迹象，侧重经历推理才能看出结果。 如：It was apparent from his face that he was lying.clear 表示明白的，清楚的。指不模糊含混，易于观察，了解和识别。 如：He seems clear about his plans. 17. marry
18、 的用法：1) 她嫁给了一个律师。She married a doctor. 表示“和.结婚”，“嫁.”，“娶.”时，marry为及物动词，要用marry sb.，而不用marry with sb.2) 她和一位律师结婚了。 She was married to a lawyer. 表示婚姻状态, 后接宾语时要用介词to， 而不用with.3) 他们结婚三年了。They have been married for three years.注意：marry和get married 都表示短暂行为，不能和表示一段时间的短语连用，而have been married则表示婚姻状态，可以与表示婚姻状态
19、持续多久的时间状语连用18. set off: 动身, 出发; 使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸; 使某物更有吸引力相关短语：set about doing sth. 着手(做某事) set in 开始 set up建立，创立 set down写下，记下set somebody to do something. 使某人开始工作 set somebody doing something 使某人处于某种动的状态19. dress up1.这个男孩爱穿他姐姐的衣服闹着玩。The boy likes dressing up in his sisters clothes.2.孩子们极力把子机打扮成怪物。The ch
20、ildren tried to dress up as monsters.3.全家人正在装饰圣诞树。The whole family are dressing up the Christmas tree.20. have fun with sbI like having fun with my friends.Have fun at the party tonight.今晚的晚会上玩得很开心make fun of sb. 嘲弄; 取笑21. congratulateCongratulate sb on sth/doingCongratulations to sb on sth/doingCon
21、gratulate you on passing the driving test.Congratulations to you on passing the driving test.22. permit permissionPermit/allow doingPermit/allow sb to doSmoking is not allowed/permitted in teachers office.Nobody is allowed/permitted to smoke in the teachers office.Nobody can smoke without permission
22、.情态动词1. 情态动词有一定的意义，表示或暗示某种情绪或态度，表示可能、建议、愿望、必要、允许、能力等2. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即不随主语的不同而变化 3. 情态动词不能独立使用，必须和实义动词一起构成谓语4. 情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的 不定式5. 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。must表示必须， 多处于义务、责任或强制命令(must提问，否定回答用neednt或dont have to).You must hand in your homework today.(2) mustnt 表示禁止。意思是“不许”、“不准”、“不可以”。
23、You mustnt smoke here.(3) 用于发生了某种于说话人的愿望相反、不受欢迎的事时，意思是“偏偏”、“偏要”。Why must he do it that way?Why must it rain on Sunday?(4) 表示推测， 只能用于肯定句。He must be reading novels now.The road is wet. It must have rained lastnight.can /could(1)表示能力Can you speak Japanese?(2)表示推测时，只用在否定句或疑问句中。He cant be at home now.(3)
24、 表示允许(许可或请求许可）You can go now, but he cant.(4) 表惊异、怀疑等How can you be so rude?could可表示能力或可能性，多用于过去，也可指现在，通常表示虚拟或作为can的委婉形式。can/could+havedone在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上没做某事” ；在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定,表示推测。 Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidnttryyourbest.你本来可以做得更好，但你没努力。Hecanthavebeentothattown. 他不可能去过那个城。may/might
25、(1)表示可能性，might比may可能性更小。It may be true.He might not come today.(2) 表示请求、许可，多用于肯定和疑问句中May I ask you a question?(3) 表示愿望May you be happy all your life.might 比 may 语气更委婉may/might表示推测时，表示对现在或将来要发生的事情把握不大。might/may have done表示对过去发生的动作进行的可能性推测。 He may have gone to the clinic. 他可能去医务室了。 He might have read
26、about the news in the newspaper. 他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。will/would表示意愿，will表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿。Go where you will. She asked if I would go with them.2. 表示征求意见或提出请求，主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时并不表过去，而表示委婉语气。 Would Sunday night suit you? Will / Would you please post the letter for me? 3. 表示习惯和倾向性will
27、表示现在的习惯，would表示过去的习惯(=used to do)。 Oil will float on water. When he was a child, he would often go skiing. 4. 表示推测will用于谈论现在，would可用于谈论过去，也可用于谈论现在(语气较委婉)。 Ask him. He will know. Every family would have some sort of trouble. I thought you would have finished it by now. shall / should1.在陈述句中,shall用于二、
28、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。 You shall do as I say. (命令) Nothing shall stop me doing it. (决心) Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. (允诺)2. shall在疑问句中, 用于一、三人称，用来表示请求或征求意见。 Shall I open the window for you？（征求意见） Shall he fetch some water for you？（请求）3. should常表示应当，意思和ought to相近，但语气较弱。Young people should learn how to use computers.4. should用于可能性推测时, 表“应该，很可能” They left at 5:30. They should get there now.5. should have done表示责备或批评,意为“本应该但” You should have told her the truth earlier. She shouldnt have left without saying a word.
