1、现在完成时讲解一、构成:肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.过去分词规则变化：a)一般情况下，直接加ed, （work-worked，water-watered, finish-finished等;）b)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 把y 变成i 再加ed, （carry-carried study-studied等;）c)以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词，要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。 （stop-stopped，shop-
2、shopped）d)以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加d （ 过去分词不规则变化表：二、用法：用法一：表示过去（已经、曾经或从未）发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 标志词： already, never, ever, just, yet, before, once/twice/数字+ times 例： I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了)They have left. -他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。)I have been there twice.a）alr
3、eady 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？b） never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经”We have never been to the Great Wall.
4、 我们从来没有去过长城。Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？ c） just用于句中, 表示“刚刚”Ive just had breakfast. 我刚吃完早饭。What have they just done? 他们刚刚做了什么？d） before用于句末, 表示“以前”Ive seen it before. 我以前见过它。 练习：用never，ever，already，before, just或yet填空。1. I have _seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _f
5、inished his homework. 3. -Have you _seen the film? -No, I have _seen it.4. -Has the bus left _? -Yes, it has _ left.5. Would you like to go to the zoo with me? Yes, but I have been there _. has gone to, has been to, has been in 的区别：1. have/has gone to 去了某地（还在某地没回来） -Where is your father? 你爸爸在哪里？-He
6、has gone to Shanghai. 他去上海了。2. have/has been to 曾经去过（已回，已不在去过的地方） +次数（once/twice/ 数字+times）My father has been to Shanghai 3 times. 我爸爸去过上海3次。画线提问：_ has your father been to Shanghai?3. have/has been in 待了多久（去了，现在仍在所待的地方）+ for + 时间段/ + since + 时间点 My father has been in Shanghai for two months/ since t
7、wo months ago. 我爸已经在上海待了两个月了。画线提问：_has your father been in Shanghai?注意：注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉to/in， 这四个地点副词是：here ,there ,home ,abroad练习：用have gone to / have been to / have been in / went to 填空。1. _ you ever _ Disneyland?2. How many times _ you _ Disneyland ?3. I _ Nanjing since two years ago4. Mr. Li _ Hong
8、 Kong. And hell come back in two days.5. How long _ you _ Disneyland ? For three days. I _ the theme park last Sunday.6. My father _ Hong Kong two weeks ago. 7. My father _ Hong Kong in 2005.8. My father _ Hong Kong since 2005.9. My father _ Hong Kong twice.10. My father _ Hong Kong and he hasnt com
9、e back yet.11. Wheres Lucy? She has_ to a restaurant for lunch.12. Have you _ to this park before.13. I have_ there only once this year.14. She has _ to the shop to buy a notebook.15. Youre late, Lao Wang has _ to Guangzhou.用法二：表示过去已经开始, 并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 标志词：up to now, so far, for +时间段 since+时间点 I ha
10、ve learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。a) for +一段时间Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. 我在这里5周了。 Hes studied English for 3 years. 他学习英语3年了。b) since +(表示过去某一时间的)时间点/单词/词组/ 从句(一般过去时)Eg. I have been here since 2000. 我自从2000年开始在这里。 I have been here since 5 years ago. 我自从5年前就在这里。 I have been
11、 here since I graduated in 2000. 我自从2000年毕业就在这里。注：1) 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years. 画线提问： _ _ have you lived here?注2): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中 Eg. (误)I have left there for 5 years.(正)I have been away there for 5 years. 为了表述这种意思
12、,我们常用相应的延续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。 become be, begin have , borrow keep, buy have, go out be out come (go, arrive, get) be in die be dead, finish be over, join be in （be a member of ） leave be away ( from), open be open close be closed 练习： 选用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father h
13、as been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.三、与一般过去时的用法比较1现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等），不与表示过去
14、的时间连用; 而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系，常与表示过去的时间连用。 eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典” 。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他
15、是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。2常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语:yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天),just now(刚才)， 时间+ ago, last +时间 等; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .现在完成时练习题一 单项选择1. I have been living here _ 1999.A. for B. after C. in D. since2._ have you been playing the gu
16、itar? For 5 years.A. How soon B. How long C. How far D. How often3._ may I keep these books? For two weeks.A. How often B. How far C. How long D. How soon4._ have you been here? Ive been here for months.A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How many5. The boy _TV all morning.A. has watched B. had
17、watched C. has been watching D. watched6. How long _ you _ stamps? Since two years ago.A. have, collected B. did, collect C. have , been collecting D. are, collecting7.They are still working in the fields. They _ for two hours.A. was working B. has been working C. worked D. are working8.He looks tir
18、ed. Oh , he _ for three hours.A. have been skating B. have been skated C. has been skating D. has been skated9. He _ it for two hours, and he is still watching now.A. has been B. watching C. has been watching D. is watching10. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years.A. is writing B. w
19、as writing C. wrote D. has written11.Harry Potter is a very nice film . I_ it twice.A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see12.His father _ the Party since 1978.A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in13.How long have you _ here？ About two months.A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived14.Hurry up！
20、The play _ for ten minutes.A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began15 It _ ten years since he left the army.A. is B. has C. will D. was16.My parents _ Shandong for ten years.A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been17._has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he
21、_to China？A. How soon，comes B. How often， got C. How long，came D. How far， arrived18. His uncle _ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university19.Sarah has been sleeping _ 2:00 pm.A. for B. at C. in D. since20.The students have cleaned th
22、e classroom，_？A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they二句型转换：1.I have been watching the football match for half an hour.（划线提问）_ _ _ you been watching the football match?2. He has been studying Japanese for two years.（同义句转换）He has been studying Japanese _ two years _.3. We started the party
23、 two hours ago.（划线提问）_ _ you _ the party?4. The old man _ last year. He _for a year. （die）（动词填空）5. Do you swim every day?（用for two hours 改写）_ you _ for two hours.6.Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同义句转换）Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour.7.Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _ the P
24、arty three years _ .8.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同义句转换）_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.、三、动词填空1. _ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last
25、week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 四、汉译英。1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。2、他昨天收到一封信。3、我父亲以前到过长城。4、她还没有看过那部新电影。5、她去过上海。6、他这些天上哪儿去了？7.这车你买多长时间了？ 三年了。8.你洗盘子了吗？没有。我马上去做。9.你离开家乡几年了？ 十年了。10.这本书我借了一周了。现在完成时（）现在完成时用来表示过去的动作对现在的影响，常与already, yet, just, before, recently,lately等词连用。I have already spent all of my money.
26、(我已经花完了我所有的钱) He hasnt returned from abroad yet. (他还没有从外国回来) （）现在完成时还可表示过去的经历，常与ever, never，twice等表示频度的时间状语连用。Have you ever been to Beijing?She has been to Europe twice.（）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注意（超级重要
27、!）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose等）在肯定句中不能for/since 连用。要改变动词:1.have代替buy My brother has had this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day be
28、fore yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on 6、用“be形容词”代瞬间动词 （1）、bemarried代marry （2）、beill代fall (get) ill （3）、bedead代die （4）、beasleep代fall (get) asleep （5）、beawake代wake/wake up （6）、beaway代leave （7）、beopen代open （8）、be closed代close （9）、belost代lose 7、用“be副词”代瞬间动词 （1）“beon”代start,begin （2）“beup”代get up （3）“beback to
29、”代return to,come back to,go back to (4) “be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here (5) “beover”代finish8、用“be介词短语”代瞬间动词 （1）、“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to （2）、“be in the army 代替join the army 2. 现在完成时的时间状语 (1) 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 They havent finished their homework yet.他
30、们还没有完成作业。 (2) 用ever 和never多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 -Have you ever been to the Great Wall? -I have never been to the Great Wall. (3)用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before, so far, up to now,in the past few years/ during the last few years等。I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. He has been there
31、three times the last few days. (4)用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。-Have you met him today?-No,I havent. -How many times have you been there this year? 3. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系, 如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较： I have lost
32、 my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明） 4. 其他几点注意事项 （1）have been to与have gone to 的区别：have been to表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone to表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。如： They have been to Beijing twice. He has gone to Be
33、ijing. （2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，可以用现在完成时或者不用。 如：It is/ has been two years since his father died. （3）不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如： I havent left here since 1997.（错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 5. 用于现在完成时的句型 (1) It is the first /
34、 second time thatIt is the first time that I have visited the city. (2) This is the + 最高级thatThis is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 现在完成时专项练习一、 单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B
35、. ago C.before D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already
36、 _in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . 9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? Whe
37、n _ there ? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. wa
38、s in D. has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been
39、on D. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . A. is B. has C. will D. was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been18、The students ha
40、ve cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. h
41、as lived there D. has left the university21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away22. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in23.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened24.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become25.You mustnt_ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left26.The meeting _ for a week now
