1、句型1Even_if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。even ifeven though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使，纵使”。Even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be co
2、nceited.即使我们在工作中取得了巨大的成功，也不应该自满。Even if some foreigners speak ill of our Shenzhou spaceship, we still stick to the route of peaceful exploration of the space.即便某些外国人对中国“神舟”七号说三道四，但我们仍将坚持和平探索太空的路线不动摇。 即境活用1(1)Jack felt grateful to his teacher _ he couldnt find words to express it.Aas ifBeven thoughCs
3、o that Dnow that解析：句意：尽管无法用言语表达，但Jack仍对老师感激不尽。只有even though符合句意要求。答案：B (2)The government should protect the old valuable buildings _ they are not in harmony with the modern ones nearby.Aeven though Bas ifCso that Dnow that解析：句意为：虽然这些古建筑与附近现代化建筑物不协调，但政府有必要保护它们。只有even though表示让步的意义。答案：A2It is OK to le
4、ave an electrical appliance on so_long_as you are using itif not, turn it off! 在使用电器设备时你可以把它一直开着，如果不用把它关掉！as/so long as 意为“只要”，用来引导条件状语从句。As long as you can be back before 10 oclock, you can go out.只要你10点钟前能回来，你可以外出。As long as you accept our conditions, well start working immediately.只要你答应我们的条件，我们就立
5、即开始工作。归纳拓展：as far as “到达某个提及的地方”和“在范围内；就而言”。as many as “多达”“达到之多”。与可数名词复数连用。as much as “多达”“达到之多”。与不可数名词连用。as soon as 作“一就”解，引导时间状语从句。as well as 不仅后者，前者也；除之外as good as 和一样好，实际上相当于 即境活用2(2008全国)Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?I dont mind where we go _ theres sun, sea and beach.Aas if Ba
6、s long asCnow that Din order that解析：as long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句。答案：BX6U51I was_about_to_go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.我刚要睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。be about to do sth. when. 正要干这时I was about to go out when the telephone rang. 我正要出门，这时电话铃响了。The meeting was about to be held when it
7、began to rain.会议正要开始，这时开始下雨了。拓展：表示将要发生的动作，除了用一般将来时外，还有以下常见的结构和时态：(1)be about to do 表示“即将(正要)做某事”，句中不再加时间状语，相当于 be on the point of doing sth.。(2)be going to do 表示事先经过考虑、打算去做某事或有明显的迹象要发生某事，它可用于条件状语从句中表示将来，而 shall/will 则不行。shall/will 可表示临时作出决定。 (3)be to do表示职责、义务、意图、约定、可能性或注定要发生的动作。(4)英语中 begin, come,
8、go, leave, sail, start, arrive, return, end, open, close 等表示一个预计将要发生的动作或情况，可用一般现在时表将来。这一动作时间比较固定，基本已成为规律。(5)英语中 go, come, begin, start, leave, arrive, return, take off 等动词(词组)可用现在进行时代替将来时，表示一个预计将要发生的动作，这种用法要带一个表示将来的时间状语。 即境活用1We were _ to go out for camping _ it began to rain.Ahardly; thanBaround; a
9、sCabout; when Dnearly; while解析：be about to.when. “正准备这时”，when作“这时”讲，它起并列连词的作用，连接两个并列的分句。答案：C2The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this_being_my_first_experience,_I stayed at the top and watched them.另外两人爬下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。句中this
10、being.是独立主格结构。独立主格结构由“名词/代词形容词/副词/现在分词/过去分词/不定式/介词短语/名词/数词”构成，在句中可做条件状语、时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语等。I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of worry.(表示结果)听说她在这场事故中受了伤，我内心充满了担忧。The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk.雨停了，他出去散步。(表示原因)More time given, we should have done it much better
11、.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。(表示条件)The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand.那位猎人手里提着枪走进了森林。(表示补充说明)Hundreds of people went out of the cinema, some in pairs, others alone.成百上千的人走出电影院，有的结伴而行，有的独自出来。(表示方式)提示：(1)独立主格结构一般用逗号同句子其余部分分开。(2)表示虚义的逻辑主语 it有时可以省略不写。(3)there be结构的独立主格结构是：there beingn.。(It) Being Sunda
12、y, there are no students in the school. 因为是星期天，学校里没有学生。There being another chance, he will try his best.假如再有一次机会，他会尽力而为。 即境活用2(2007山东)The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March.Ahas been launched Bhaving been launchedCbeing launched Dto be l
13、aunched解析：句中没有连接词，故不能用谓语动词；the most recent having been launched 为独立主格结构，由 at the end of last March 可知应用完成式。答案：B3It_is_said_that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people. 据说这个男孩子就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。It is said that. 据说It is reported that. 据报道I
14、t is believed that. 人们认为(1)以上结构中 it是形式主语，它所代替的是后面的 that引导的主语从句。以上结构均可转化为“主语be过去分词不定式”结构，其中不定式根据需要有时态和语态的变化。如：It is said that he has gone abroad.He is said to have gone abroad.据说他出国了。(2)有时以上结构还可转化为：“asbev.ed，主句”结构，或者“whatbev.edisthat从句”结构。如：It is known to all that China is a country with a long histo
15、ry.As is known to all, China is a country with a long history.What is known to all is that China is a country with a long history. 众所周知，中国是一个历史悠久的国家。 即境活用3(2007重庆)Leonardo da Vinci (14521519) _ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.Ais said to be buyingBis said to ha
16、ve boughtChad said to buyDhas said to have bought解析：考查 be said to do sth.这一结构。不定式动作发生在 be said 之前，所以要用不定式的完成式，所以答案为B。答案：B2. 独立主格结构的用法应用2(1)The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day.Afinishing BfinishedChad finished Dwere finished解析：本题考查名词的独立主格结构。名词短语their lessons和动词
17、finish之间是被动完成关系，故用过去分词finished。答案：B (2)Wow! It snowed last night. What a nice world!Youre right. But its more difficult to find my missing keys with snow _ the ground.Acovered BcoverCto cover Dcovering解析：本题考查with复合结构做宾补的非谓语动词形式。snow和cover在逻辑上是主谓关系，因此此处用现在分词。答案：D (3)He ran after the dog, _.Astick in
18、his hand Bstick in handCa stick in his hand Dhaving a stick in hand解析：由“名词介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(物主代词或冠词)，但with的复合结构不受此限制。C项中缺少with，故可排除。B项是独立主格结构做伴随状语。答案：B (4)The boys were happily making a snowman, _ with cold.Atheir faces red Btheir faces were redCtheir faces turned red Dtheir fa
19、ces to be red解析：本题考查由“名词形容词”构成的独立主格结构做伴随状语。答案：A (5)He was so tired that he fell asleep quickly, the light over his bed _.Aburn Bwent onClighted Don解析：考查“名词副词”构成的独立主格结构做伴随状语。选项中，on为副词，表示“已连接，处于工作状态或使用中”。因此，此处应选D做伴随状语。答案：DX7U11As_well_as going to the movies and football matches with my friends, I spen
20、d a lot of time with my pets.除了和朋友们去看电影、足球比赛之外，我也会花很多的时间和我的宠物一起玩耍。as well as译为“也，和一起”，在此句中相当于besides。注意as well as在使用时的主谓一致。 (1)既又；也；以及；同一样He gave me clothes as well as food.他既给我食物，又给我衣服。This factory produces cars as well as trucks.这个工厂既生产卡车也生产小汽车。 (2)as well as可以用于同级比较。“和一样好”，修饰动词。She sings as well
21、as she plays.她弹得好，唱得也好。He speaks French as well as English.他英语和法语讲得一样好。 (3)A as well as B结构做主语时，谓语动词的数要与A保持一致。The teacher as well as his students is doing an experiment in the lab.老师和他的学生正在实验室里做实验。The students as well as their teacher are doing an experiment in the lab.学生们和他们的老师正在实验室里做实验。拓展：as well单
22、独使用于句尾表示“也”“既，又”，但是不能用于否定句。He speaks English as well.他也讲英语。He is a professor and a writer as well.他是一位教授，也是一个作家。 即境活用1The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.Ais goingBgoCgoes Dare going答案：C解析：as well asn./pron.短语结构不影响句子的主谓关系，即句子的主语应是th
23、e father; 由every Sunday afternoon in winter可知应用一般现在时态。2Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as_rich and full a_life_as you do.接受现实的他们并给予他们鼓励，让他们能像你们一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。as.as 引导状语从句，两个 as之间可以是 adj./adv. 也可以是n.，如果涉及数量可以用 as much/manyn. as.，或者 asadj.an/an. as.，此结构还可与 twice,
24、three times, half 等倍数连用。 This is as good an example as the other is.这是一个像另一个一样好的例子。I can carry as much paper as you can.你能拿多少纸，我也能拿多少。拓展：as.as., not so.as., so.that., too.to/for, how 如果与单数可数名词连用，它们的顺序一律是：as/so/too/howadj.a(an)n.This is too long a journey for me.这是一个对我来说太长的旅程。She is so lovely a girl
25、that everyone likes her.她是那样一个可爱的女孩，以至于每个人都喜欢她。How hot a day it is! 多么热的一天啊！ 即境活用2You know nursing is _ a way of life.Aas a much job as Bas much a job asCas job a much as Da job as much as答案：B解析：考查 asadj.an. as结构。X7U21As she turned around, there_stood Gladys Claffern. 她刚一转过身去，就看到格拉迪斯克拉芬站在那里。There st
26、ands.倒装句。(1)there, here, now, then 等副词放在句首时，句子要完全倒装，谓语动词常用 come, go, be, lie, run 等。 (2)表示方位的副词或介词短语置于句首时，句子也要完全倒装，句中的谓语动词通常是 come, go等表示动作的动词。 (3)在上述全部倒装中，主语如为人称代词，则应放在动词前面。There goes the bell. 铃响了。Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。The door opened and in came a teacher.门开了，进来一位老师。Away went the students.
27、学生们走了。Away they went. 他们走了。Present at the meeting are some teachers and students. 一些老师和学生出席了会议。 即境活用1Look! There _.Oh, there_.Acomes the bus; comes itBcomes the bus; it comesCthe bus comes; it comesDthe bus comes; comes it答案：B解析：考查全部倒装。注意主语是代词时，不倒装，故选B。2But even though Tony had been so clever, he wo
28、uld have to be rebuiltyou cannot have women falling_in_love_with machines. 但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还得经过一番改造你总不能让女人与机器相爱吧。have sb. doing 意为“叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”。宾语后面用现在分词做宾语补足语，表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行或一直进行。wont have sb. doing 意为“不让某人做某事”。Dont have the baby crying! 不要让婴儿啼哭！Youd better have your car running s
29、lowly.你最好把车子开慢点儿。I wont have you talking to your mother like that.我不允许你这样与你妈妈说话。拓展：(1)have sb. do 让某人做某事(do表示动作由 sb. 发出)(2)have sb./sth. done 使某事被别人做(sb./sth. 与动词 do构成动宾关系)(3)have sth. to do 有事要做(to do做后置定语修饰 sth.，该不定式的动作由主语发出) (4)have sth. to be done 有事要做(to do做后置定语修饰 sth.，但不定式的动作不是由主语发出的，而是别人)Ill
30、have the gardener plant some trees.我要让园丁种些树。Why dont you have your hair cut? 你为什么不理发？I have some clothes to wash.我有些衣服要洗。(洗衣服是主语发出的动作)I have some clothes to be washed.我有些衣服要洗。(洗衣服不是主语发出的动作，由别人来做) 即境活用2You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough.AexplainingBto explainCexplain Dexplained答案：D解析：句中 it指 the traffic rule，故用 have sth. done “使某事被做”。
