1、外研版八年级下册module 7重点知识归纳【重点词汇】weigh(1) weigh表示“称的重量”,是及物动词;表示“重(多少)”,是不及物动词。例如:He weighed the fish. 他称了这条鱼。Do you often weigh yourself? 你经常称体重吗?He weighs 60 kilos. 他体重60公斤。The meat weighs five pounds. 这肉重五磅。【拓展】(1)weight是名词,意为“重量,体重”。例如:Whats your weight? 你体重是多少?(2)比较:by weight 和 in weightby weight表示“
2、按重量”;in weight表示“重量上”例如:Do they charge carriage by weight? 他们是按重量收取运费吗?Its smaller in size but greater in weight. 它体积比较小,但分量比较重。testtest可作名词或动词,意为“测验,考查”,多指简短但正式的考试。例如:They are taking a spell test.他们正在接受拼写测验。【拓展】quiz一词在美式英语中常用来表示课堂上进行的简单小测验,可当“随堂练,随堂测”讲。也可意为“知识测验,小测验”,例如:They are having a quiz now.
3、他们正进行小测验。He took part in a television quiz and won a prize. 他参加了一个电视知识竞赛并得了奖。sound(1)sound做连系动词讲时,意为“听起来”,后面跟名词或者形容词作表语,构成主系表结构。例如:Your idea sounds great. 你的想法听起来很不错。(2)sound当名词讲时,意为“自然界的各种声音”。例如:Sound travels slower than light. 声音传播比光慢。【拓展】常见的连系动词有:be动词(am,is, are); 和感官有关的词(look 看起来, feel 摸起来,taste
4、 吃起来,smell 闻起来);表示改变,变化含义的词(get,become,turn,go, come);以及其他常用词seem等。例如:His face turns red. Do you know why? 他的脸变红了。你知道为什么吗?The food went bad. 食物坏了。provideprovide为及物动词,意为“提供”。provide常与介词with或for连用,provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人提供某物”,其同意表达为 provide sth. for sb.。例如:Sheep provide us with wool. =Sheep provid
5、e wool for us.羊供给我们羊毛。The Sun provides us with light and heat.太阳给我们提供光和热。【拓展】辨析:offer,provide与supplyoffer 1)给予,提供(有主观上愿意供给的意思)。He offered me a glass of wine. 他端给我一杯酒。2)愿意,试图(做某事);提议+to do They offered to help me. 他们表示愿意帮助我。3)offer还有“出价,给工资”的意思。We offered him the calculator for $50. 这计算器我们向他开价五十美元。pr
6、ovide1)作及物动词,“提供装备,供给”。provide sb.with sth.= provide sth.for sb.为某人提供某物She managed to provide her children with food and clothing. 她设法使她的孩子有饭吃,有衣穿。2)作不及物动词,“抚养,赡养”(+for)He tried to earn more money to provide for a large family.他设法多挣钱以供养一个大家庭。supply作及物动词,“供给,供应;补充,满足”,其后常用介词to,for和with。We supply powe
7、r to the three nearby towns. 我们给附近的三个城镇提供电力。Our farm supplies the market with fruits. 我们的农场为这家市场提供水果。certaincertain是形容词,意为“确定的;无疑的”,相当于sure,对应的副词为certainly。certain常用于以下结构中:be certain / sure of sth. 对某事有把握be certain / sure to do sth. 肯定做某事be certain / sure + that从句 确信 例如:They are certain / sure of su
8、ccess. 他们有把握成功。Im certain / sure that he will come. 我确信他会成功的。【拓展】certain和sure的辨析:两词都含有“确信,肯定”之意其区别如下:(1) certain为形容词,不仅表示相信,而且表示有根据,主语既可以是人也可以是物。例如:He is certain to come. 他一定会来。Its certain that he won the game now. 现在可以肯定他赢得了这场比赛。(2) sure既可是形容词也可作副词,常表示人的主观愿望或信念,主语通常是人。例如:Kids nowadays seem very sur
9、e of themselves. 现在的小孩显得非常自信。 Can you give me a ride to work tomorrow? 明天我可以顺路搭你的车去上班吗? Sure. 当然可以。其中答语中的“sure”也可以用“certainly/of course”替换prefer(1)prefer是及物动词,意思是“更喜欢、比较喜欢”,相当于like.better。例如:Which do you prefer(=like better), rice or bread? 你比较喜欢哪一样,米饭还是面包?(2)由prefer构成的短语:1) prefer A to B意为“喜欢A胜过B、比
10、起B来更喜欢A”,此短语中A和B的形式一样,可以是名词、代词或者动名词,但必须两个词形式统一。例如:We prefer apples to oranges. 比起桔子来我们更喜欢苹果。My grandma prefers taking a walk to sitting in front of the TV.我奶奶宁愿去散步而不愿看电视。 2) prefer to do . rather than do .意为“宁愿做某事,而不愿意做某事。”此短语中prefer 的后面用动词不定式,than的后面用省略to的动词不定式。例如:They prefer to stay at home and wa
11、tch TV, rather than go out for a walk. 他们宁愿呆在家里看电视,也不愿意出去散步。fillfill表示“装满,填满”,可用作及物和不及物动词,通常与介词 with 连用。例如:Everythingisfilledwithnewlife.万物充满了生气。He filled the glass with water. 他把杯子装满了水。【拓展】full作为形容词,意为“充满的”。be full of=be filled with 意为“充满的”。 例如:Pleasetellmethefullstory. 请将全部情况告诉我。 Thetrainwastravel
12、ingatfullspeed. 火车正全速前进。 The room is full of young people. 房间里全是年轻人。 be crazy aboutbe crazy about意为“对而疯狂,热爱,痴迷于”,about为介词,后跟名词或动名词。例如:I used to be crazy about the hunting season. 过去,打猎的季节使我疯狂。I am crazy about playing basketball. 我热衷于篮球。【拓展】表达“喜欢”的其他短语:be interested in ; be fond of等。例如:He is interest
13、ed in the French culture. 他对法国文化感兴趣。My brother is fond of classical music. 我弟弟喜欢古典音乐。【重点句型】but I dont know what to take.what to take为“疑问代词+动词不定式”结构, 在句中作know的宾语。特殊疑问词+动词不定式,在句中可以作主语,宾语和表语。例如:I want to know what to do next.(作宾语)我想要知道下一步做什么。How to improve English is important to us.(作主语)如何提高英语对我们很重要。T
14、he question is when to start.(作表语)问题是什么时候动身。Oh, by the way, dont forget to take your passport.by the way意为“顺便说一声”。例如:By the way,have you seen Harry recently?顺便说一句,你最近见过哈里吗?【拓展】(1)in the way有“挡路”的意思,还有“用这种方法”的意思。例如:Sorry, you are in the way. 对不起,你挡路了。In this way,he has collected a great many stamps。用
15、这种方法他收集了大量邮票。(2)on the way 意为“在去某地的路上”。例如:On the way to the station,I bought some chocolate。在去车站的路上我买了些巧克力。(3)get in the way of意为“受到的阻碍”。例如:Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。(4)in a way意为“从某种意义上说”。例如:Ina way,it is an important book。在某种意义上,这是一本重要的书。You had better ask the tr
16、avel company about the total weighhad better(常简略为d better)是一固定词组,had better意为“最好”,用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。其用法有以下几点:(1) had better后面必须跟动词原形,构成had better do sth.句型。例如:Youd better go to hospital at once.你最好立即去医院看病。Tom, youd better go there today.汤姆,你最好今天去那里。(2) 主语不论是第几人称,句子不论是什么时态,都要用had better的形式。例如:Now
17、you (he; we) had better listen to the teacher.你(他,我们)现在最好听老师讲。Im leaving at the end of Julyend 作为名词,意为“结束;结尾”。常用于句型:at the end of意为“在末尾”。例如:The bank is at the end of the street.银行在这条街的尽头。【拓展】(1)end 作为不及物动词,意为“结束;终止”,其主语通常是物。例如:Our morning classes end at 11:50 a.m. 我们上午的课程在11:50结束。(2)end 作为及物动词,意为“结束
18、;完成”,其主语通常是人。例如:She ended her email. 她写完了电子邮件。and it depends on your personal choice.depend意思为“依靠、依赖、取决于”等,只用作不及物动词,通常与介词 on, upon 连用,有时可在某人或某物后用介词for。主要用法有:(1) depend on/upon某人或某物Whether well go camping depends on the weather. 我们是否去野营要看天气。Children depend on their parents for food and clothing. 儿童的衣食靠父母。(2) depend on /upon从句Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not. 我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。The amount you pay depends on where you live. 你付多少钱要看你住什么地方。(3)口语中说 It (all) depends. /That depends.意为“那要看情况”。Are you going too? 你也去吗?That depends. 那要看情况。