不具有被动意义的动词-ed形式简析参考模板范本.doc

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1、不具有被动意义的“动词-ed”形式简析 “动词-ed”形式是历年高考的热点,也是难点。许多考生由于没有全面了解这一形式的用法,加上思维定势的影响,一看到这种形式就认为它仅仅表示被动,从而造成误用。先看下面笔者在学生习作中发现的误用实例:病句1. In the late autumn, falling leaves can be seen everywhere on the ground.病句2. My parents were not pleasing with my exam results.病句3. What made you so frightening?病句4. Seating in

2、the car, the President waved to the crowd.很明显,这些句子在分词的使用上都是有问题的。之所以如此,是因为使用者以为在句中分别作定语的falling、作表语的pleasing、作宾补的frightening和作状语的seating与它们各自的逻辑主语leaves、my parents、you和the President都不存在被动关系,故没有使用“动词-ed”形式。殊不知,“动词-ed”形式并不都表示被动,只有“及物动词-ed”形式才具有被动意义,而“不及物动词-ed”形式和“形容词化的动词-ed”形式都不具有被动意义,而这点往往被很多考生忽视。一、“不

3、及物动词-ed”形式表主动、完成“不及物动词-ed”形式不具有被动意义,只具有主动意义和完成意义。常用于此用法的不及物动词如:arrive (到达),abdicate(退位),boil(沸腾),burn(烧焦),change(变化),depart(离去),date(过时),develop(发展),escape(逃跑),explode(爆炸),fade(褪色),fall(落下),grow(成长),retire(退休),return(回来),resign(辞职),rise(升起),vanish(消失)用法示例:the arrived guests (=the guests who have arr

4、ived)已到的客人the abdicated emperor(=the emperor who has abdicated)退位的皇帝a dated map (=a map which has dated)过时的地图departed friends (=friends who have departed)离去的朋友the escaped prisoner (=the prisoner who has escaped)逃犯the exploded bomb (=the bomb which has exploded)爆炸了的炸弹the faded curtain (=the curtain w

5、hich has faded)褪色的窗帘the retired manager (=the manager who has retired)退休的经理returned students (=students who have returned) 归国留学生the risen sun (=the sun which has risen) 升起了的太阳a vanished rabbit =(a rabbit which has vanished )消失了的兔子在使用“不及物动词-ed”时,考生最容易把它与“不及物动词-ing”混淆。“不及物动词-ed”表示主动、完成,而“不及物动词-ing”表主动

6、、进行。比较下列几组短语:病句1要表达的意思是:“深秋,地上的落叶到处可见。”树叶已在地上,fall的动作已经完成(fallen),而不是正在进行(falling),因而病句1可改成:1、In the late autumn, fallen leaves can be seen everywhere on the ground.高考链接考例1(2007全国卷)I smell something in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?A. burningB. burntC. being burntD. to be burnt答案与解析:1

7、. A此题中的burn(烧焦)是不及物动词,无being done这种形式,排除C项;smell后用不带to的不定式作宾补,排除D项;I smell something burning 意为“我闻到厨房里什么东西烧焦了”,应表示burn的动作正在进行,而B项burnt表示burn的动作已经完成,与题意不符,故选A项。请对比:I cant bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue. 我无法忍受烤架上烧焦的香肠的气味。二、“形容词化的动词-ed”形式表主动、状态有些“动词-ed”已被形容词化,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语时,与其逻辑主语

8、之间已不再是被动关系,而是表示其逻辑主语所处的状态。“形容词化的动词-ed”主要有以下两种类型。(一)“心理感受动词-ed”形式常见的表示心理感受的动词如:astonish(吃惊),amaze(惊讶),annoy(恼怒),amuse(逗笑),bore(厌烦),confuse(困惑),depress(沮丧),disappoint(失望),delight(高兴),discourage(泄气),excite(兴奋),embarrass(尴尬),encourage(鼓舞),exhaust(精被力竭),frighten(害怕),shock(震惊),interest(感兴趣),move(感动),pleas

9、e(高兴;满意),puzzle(迷惑),surprise(吃惊),satisfy(满意),scare(害怕),touch(感动),tire(疲倦;厌倦),terrify(恐惧),thrill(激动),upset(心烦意乱),worry(担忧)很多考生对于到底是用心理感受动词的-ed形式还是-ing形式,很是茫然。心理感受动词的-ed形式和-ing形式都已被形容词化。区别在于“心理感受动词-ed”形式译为“感到的”,描述的对象是人,也可以描述与人有关的事物如look(表情),expression(表情),voice(声音),tears(眼泪)等。而“心理感受动词-ing”形式译为“令人的”,通常

10、修饰物。请看下面这些例句:Everybody got excited about the boat trip.大家对坐船游览倍感兴奋。That was the most exciting film of the year.这是一年中最激动人心的电影。His thin face had an excited look.他瘦削的脸上流露出兴奋的表情。根据以上分析,病句2和病句3的正确表达分别是:2. My parents were not pleased with my exam results.我父母对我的考试成绩不满意。3. What made you so frightened?什么使你这样

11、惊恐?高考链接考例2(2004重庆卷)Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents .A. worried B. to worry C. worryingD. worry考例3(2006全国卷) and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.A. SurprisingB. SurprisedC. Being surprisedD. To be surprising考例4(2006年四川卷) Did you enjo

12、y yourself at the party? Yes, Ive never been to one before.A. a more excited B. the most excitedC. a more excitingD. the most exciting考例5(2008北京卷)After the long journey, the three of them went back home, .A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tiredC. hungrily and tiredlyD. hungrily and tired考例6(2010上海

13、卷)Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.A. amusedB. amusingC. to amuse D. to be amused答案与解析:2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A考例2的宾语parents后缺宾补,worried修饰人,故用它修饰parents。考例3应用surprised作状语,表示句子主语Tony当时领奖时的心情。考例4中缺少定语修饰one(=party),exciting修饰物,且形容词的比较级与否定词连用表达最高级的意思,故选C。

14、考例5中的选项都用and连接,并列连词and前后的词类应一致,排除A项和D项。用hungry and tired作状语,表示主语的状态与句意“长途旅行后他们三人回到家,又累又饿”相符,故选B。考例6的选项中首先排除A项和D项,因为keep后不用不定式作宾补。amused修饰人,故用它作宾补修饰her colleagues.(二)其它常见的“形容词化的动词-ed”形式其它常见的形容词化的“动词- ed”形式,如:addicted(沉迷于),accustomed(习惯于),applied(应用),absorbed(全神贯注),covered(覆盖),concerned(担忧),convinced(

15、相信),contented(满意),devoted(挚爱的;忠诚的),determined(决定),dressed(穿),engaged(订婚;从事),exposed(暴露),employed in(忙于),filled(充满),fed up(厌烦),faced with(面对),involved(参与),informed(告诉),injured(受伤),swollen(肿胀),lost(迷路;沉思),located(位于),married(结婚),opposed(反对),occupied(忙于),prepared(准备),related(有关,有联系),seated(坐),situated(

16、位于),used(习惯),wounded(受伤)用法示例:Judith lay on the settee, absorbed in her book.朱迪思躺在沙椅上专心致志地看书。He was convinced of the rightness of his position.他相信他的立场是正确的。形容化的“动词-ed”不表示被动,仅表示主动状态。因此,病句4应改为:4. Seated in the car, the President waved to the crowd. 总统坐在车上向群众挥手。高考链接考例7(2005广东卷) in a white uniform, he loo

17、ks more like a cook than a doctor.A. DressedB. To dressC. Dressing D. Having dressed考例8(2006四川卷) with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.A. Faced B. FaceC. FacingD. To face考例9(2007山东卷)Please remain until the plane has come to a complete stop.A. to seat B. to be seatedC. seating

18、D. seated考例10(2008上海卷)Ideally for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests.A. locatingB. being locatedC. having been locatedD. located答案与解析:7. A 8. A 9. D 10. D考例7、考例8和考例10所缺的都是状语,考例9中缺表语,分别用形容词化的dressed, faced, located和seated说明主语所处的状态。通过对文中列出的四个病句以

19、及对近几年高考试题的分析,可知“动词-ed”不都表示被动。只有全面、透彻掌握“动词-ed”的用法,在使用它时才能得心应手。巩固练习1. The ground is with leaves.A. covering; fallingB. covered; fallenC. covering; fallenD. covered; falling2. Tom sounds very in the job, but I am not sure whether he can manage it.A. interestedB. interestingC. interestinglyD. interested

20、ly3. Please remain . The winner of the prize will be announced soon.A. seatingB. seatedC. to seatD. to be seated4. Though to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.A. surprisingB. was surprisedC. surprisedD. being surprised5. in deep thought, he didnt know it was raining.A. Having lostB. Being

21、 lost C. LosingD. Lost6. He was found at the foot of a cliff.A. being injuredB. injuredC. injuringD. to be injuring7. with a difficult situation, George decided to ask his boss for advice.A. FaceB. FacingC. FacedD. To face8. Well keep you of how things are going with us.A. informingB. informedC. to

22、informD. inform9. I am that we have settled the matter.A. to delightB. to be delightedC. delightingD. delighted10. about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from school.A. ConcernedB. Having concernedC. To concernD. Concerning参考答案:1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.A参考文献张道真:张道真英语语法,北京商务印书馆国际有限公司,2002年赵振才:英语常见问题解答大词典,世界图书出版西安公司,2005年- 6 - / 6

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