1、最新高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)真题汇编(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1阅读理解 In India, one of the most significant festivals is Diwali, which falls between October and November. Its a five-day celebration that includes good food, fireworks, colored sand, and special candles and lamps. In honor of Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of wea
2、lth, people make special prayers on the first day to obtain blessings for welfare, succcss, and well-being. People welcome the goddess into their homes by decorating entrances with colorful lanterns and traditional designs. In addition, many people treat themselves to fine jewelry, praying for good
3、fortune. Those who cannot afford so much, seek out cheaper items such as clothes or household goods. The second day of the festival is called Kali Chaudas. For some, the day provides an opportunity to drive away misfortune from homes and businesses. They decorate their homes with clay lamps and crea
4、te design patterns called rangoli on the floor using colored powder or sand. The third day is when the biggest celebrations occur, which begin early in the morning with a visit to a temple to seek the blessings of the goddess. As the sun sets, festival observers light up their homes with small lamps
5、 and enjoy delicious traditional foods with their loved ones. The festivals fourth day is celebrated in many different ways. Friends and relatives visit with gifts, sweets and best wishes for the season. And the final day of the festival is called Bhai Oooj It honors the close bond between brothers
6、and sisters and is observed with traditional ceremonies and more delicious food. For children in India, Diwali is similar to Christmas. They get all entire week off from school and are treated to gifts, new clothes, amazing food, and, in the past at least, a large number of fireworks. It is no wonde
7、r that the festival ranks high among the countrys favorite celebrations.（1）People celebrate the first day of Diwali mainly for_. A.good fortune.B.colorful lanternsC.expensive jewelryD.traditional designs（2）Whats the probable purpose of creating rangoli on the floor? A.To design traditional patterns.
8、B.To produce colored powder or sand.C.To help get rid of bad luck.D.To produce an opportunity in business.（3）What is a man likely to do on the last day of the festival? A.Exchange gifts and best wishes with his loved ones.B.Be busy decorating his home during the day.C.Get together with his sisters a
9、nd brothers.D.Light up his home with small lamps.（4）Which of the following may not be a reason for childrens love of Diwali? A.Having a week off.B.Getting Christmas gifts.C.Enjoying amazing food.D.Setting off fireworks.【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了印度最重要的节日之一排灯节。 （1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In hono
10、r of Lakshmi，the Hindu goddess of wealth，people make special prayers on the first day to obtain blessings for welfare，succcss，and well-being.”印度人庆祝排灯节第一天是为了获得生活，成功，为人方面的好运。故选A。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“For some，the day provides an opportunity to drive away misfortune from homes and businesses. They decorat
11、e their homes with clay lamps and create design patterns called rangoli on the floor using colored powder or sand. ”在排灯节为了驱散家里和生意的霉运，印度人会在地上用彩色粉或沙子创造出rangoli形状。故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“And the final day of the festival is called Bhai Oooj. It honors the close bond between brothers and sisters and is
12、 observed with traditional ceremonies and more delicious food. ”排灯节最后一天是纪念兄弟姐妹亲密纽带的日子。可知这天男子会和自己的兄弟姐妹在一起。故选C。 （4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“For children in India，Diwali is similar to Christmas. They get all entire week off from school and are treated to gifts，new clothes，amazing food，and，in the past at least，a
13、 large number of fireworks. It is no wonder that the festival ranks high among the countrys favorite celebrations.”印度孩子们喜欢排灯节因 为他们可以放假一周，吃美味食物，还有大量烟花，没有说收到圣诞节礼物。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。2阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 Its not unusual to see an unreasonable
14、 child lying on the ground drumming his heels. Beside him is a desperate mother yelling at the top of her lungs. Raising a well-behaved kid is really a head-scratching thing. If you took all the parenting styles around the world and ranked them by their gentleness, the Inuit (因纽特人) approach would ce
15、rtainly rank near the top. All the moms mention one golden role: Dont shout or yell at small children. Inuits no-yelling policy is their central component to raising cool-headed kids. The culture views scolding, or even speaking to children in all angry voice, as inappropriate, although little kids
16、are pushing parents buttons. Playful storytelling is another trick to sculpting kids behavior. But this storytelling differs hugely from those fairy tales full of moral lessons. Parents retell what happened when a boy threw a tantrum(发脾气)by way of what Shakespeare would understand all too well: putt
17、ing on a drama. After the child has calmed down, the parents will review what happened when the child misbehaved, usually starting with a question: Can you show us how to throw a tantrum? Then the child has to think what he should do. If he takes the bait and performs the action, the mom will ask a
18、follow-up question with a playful tone. For example: Does that seem right? or Are you a baby? She is getting across the idea that big boys wont throw a tantrum. Kids brains are still developing the circuitry needed for self-control. What you do in response to your childrens emotions shapes their bra
19、ins. So next time, seeing your boy misbehave, try using the Inuits storytelling approach. And dont forget to keep cool. After all, boys will be boys.（1）Which of the following best explains pushing parents buttons underlined in Paragraph 2? A.Talking with parents.B.Playing with parents buttons.C.Expo
20、sing parents faults.D.Making parents annoyed.（2）What do we know about Inuits storytelling? A.It aims at playing a trick on kids.B.It raises kids awareness of morality.C.It comes after a child misbehaves.D.It analyzes Shakespeares dramas.（3）Whats the authors attitude to childrens misbehavior? A.Cauti
21、ousB.TolerantC.UncaringD.Skeptical（4）Whats the main idea of the text? A.Inuits approach to parenting.B.Values of reading literary works.C.Causes of childrens misbehavior.D.Parents responses to storytelling.【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）B（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，因纽特人教育孩子的方式最温柔，介绍了因纽特人教育孩子的黄金规则“不对小孩叫喊”以及他们塑造孩子行为的一种方式“
22、讲故事”，让我们时刻记住孩子做错事的时候要保持冷静。 （1）考查词义猜测。划线词组所在句子为让步状语从句，although（即使）前后句是相反关系。句意为：这种文化认为训斥孩子，或者以生气的口吻对孩子说话都是不合适的，即使小孩子让家长生气的时候也是这样。故选D。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的Parents retell what happened when a boy threw a tantrum (发脾气) by way of可知，家长讲述的是小男孩发脾气时所发生的事情。也就是说故事内容就是小孩子做错的事情。故选C。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的And dont forget
23、 to keep cool. After all, boys will be boys. 不要忘记保持冷静。毕竟，孩子就是孩子。可知，作者认为小孩子犯错时，家长要宽容孩子的错误，不能对孩子要求太高。故选B。 （4）考查主旨大意。文章主要通过讲述因纽特人温柔地教育孩子的方式，让我们对如何教育孩子有所启发。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 Take a look at the following list of n
24、umbers: 4, 8, 5, 3, 7, 9, 6. Read them loud. Now look away and spend 20 seconds memorizing them in order before saying them out loud again. If you speak English, you have about a 50% chance of remembering those perfectly. If you are Chinese, though, youre almost certain to get it right every time. W
25、hy is that? Because we most easily memorize whatever we can say or read within a two-second period. And unlike English, the Chinese language allows them to fit all those seven numbers into two seconds. That example comes from Stanislas Dahaenes book The Number Sense. As Dahaene explains: Chinese num
26、ber words are remarkably brief. Most of them can be spoken out in less than one-quarter of a second (for instance, 4 is “si” and 7 “qi”). Their English pronunciations are longer. The memory gap between English and Chinese apparently is entirely due to this difference in length. It turns out that the
27、re is also a big difference in how number-naming systems in Western and Asian languages are constructed. In English, we say fourteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen and nineteen, so one might expect that we would also say oneteen, twoteen, threeteen, and fiveteen. But we dont. We use a different form:
28、 eleven, twelve, thirteen and fifteen. For numbers above 20, we put the “decade” first and the unit number second (twenty-one, twenty-two), while for the teens, we do it the other way around (fourteen, seventeen, eighteen). The number system in English is highly irregular. Not so in China, Japan, an
29、d Korea. They have a logical counting system. Eleven is ten-one. Twelve is ten-two. Twenty-four is two-tens-four and so on. That difference means that Asian children learn to count much faster than American children. Four-year-old Chinese children can count, on average, to 40. American children at t
30、hat age can count only to 15. By the age of five, in other words, American children are already a year behind their Asian friends in the most fundamental of math skills. The regularity of their number system also means that Asian children can perform basic functions, such as addition, far more easil
31、y. Ask an English-speaking seven-year-old to add thirty-seven plus twenty-two in her head, and she has to change the words to numbers (37+22). Only then can she do the math: 2 plus 7 is 9 and 30 and 20 is 50, which makes 59. Ask an Asian child to add three-tens-seven and two-tens-two, and then the n
32、ecessary equation(等式) is right there, in the sentence. No number translation is necessary: its five-tens-nine. When it comes to math, in other words, Asians have a built-in advantage. For years, students from China, South Korea, and Japan - outperformed their Western classmates at mathematics, and t
33、he typical assumption is that it has something to do with a kind of Asian talent for math. The differences between the number systems in the East and the West suggest something very different - that being good at math may also be rooted in a groups culture.（1）What does the passage mainly talk about?
34、A.The Asian number-naming system helps grasp advanced math skills better.B.Western culture fail to provide their children with adequate number knowledge.C.Children in Western countries have to learn by heart the learning things.D.Asian childrens advantage in math may be sourced from their culture.（2
35、）What makes a Chinese easier to remember a list of numbers than an American?A.Their understanding of numbers.B.Their mother tongue.C.Their math education.D.Their different IQ.（3）Asian children can reach answers in basic math functions more quickly because _.A.they pronounce the numbers in a shorter
36、periodB.they practice math from an early ageC.they dont have to translate language into numbers firstD.American children can only count to 15 at the age of four【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文为介绍说明文。文章介绍了东西方数字系统之间的差异对东西方人数学能力的影响，同时也发现了一个非常不同的地方：善于数学也可能植根于一个群体的文化中。（1）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了东西方数字系统之间的差异对东西方人数学
37、能力的影响。同时根据第三段中的The number system in English is highly irregular.Not so in China, Japan, and Korea. They have a logical counting system.（英语中的数字系统是高度不规则的。在中国、日本、韩国则不是这样的。他们有一个逻辑计数系统。）及第四段中的That difference means that Asian children learn to count much faster than American children.（这种差异意味着亚洲儿童比美国儿童学的要快
38、得多。）可推知，本文主要探讨了亚洲儿童在数学方面的优势可能来源于他们的文化的问题。故选D。（2）推理判断题。根据第一段中的Because we most easily memorize whatever we can say or read within a two-second period. And unlike English, the Chinese language allows them to fit all those seven numbers into two seconds.（因为我们最容易记住我们在一两秒钟内能说或读的东西。与英语不同，汉语允许他们把这七个数字放在两秒钟之
39、内）可推知，比起美国人，中国人的母语让中国人更容易记住一列数字。故选B。（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中对亚洲孩子与美国孩子在基本数学运算方面的对比可知，亚洲儿童可以更快地在基本数学运算中找到答案，是因为他们不必先把语言翻译成数字。故选C。4阅读理解 It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nic
40、est men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter. Road politeness is not only good manners, but a good sense. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back w
41、hen forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and becomes so necessary in modern tra
42、ffic conditions. But such behavior of politeness is by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it. However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. A typical example is the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into
43、 the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to. An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in a traffic stream without ca
44、using total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings. Unfortunately, modern drivers cant even learn to drive, let alone master the roadmanship (公路驾车技能). Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take from all road users. It is high tim
45、e for all of us to take this message to heart.（1）The most suitable title for this passage would be _. A.Traffic Jams.B.Good Manners.C.Road Politeness.D.Modern Drivers.（2）Troubles on the road are often caused by _. A.traffic jamsB.the behavior of the driversC.the great speed of modern lifeD.terrible
46、road conditions（3）According to the writer, a good driver should _. A.encourage children to cross the road whenever they want toB.beat back when forced to face rude drivingC.be able to recognize politeness when he sees itD.join in a traffic stream quickly however other people feel（4）t is not always right for drivers to _. A.master the roadmanshipB.neglect politeness when they see itC.give a friendly nod in answer to an act of politenessD.encourage old ladies to cross the road whenever and wherever they want to【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了的道路行车礼仪的话题，道路行车的
