1、 语法复习课件语法复习课件-定语从句定语从句 英语中，在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接定语从句和先行词的连词叫引导词（也叫关联词），通常放在定语从句之前。引导定语从句的引导词可以是关系代词（如that,which,who,whom,whose等）或关系副词（如when,where,why等）。定语从句的基本结构是：先行词先行词+引导词引导词+定语从句定语从句。合并句子 1.Mary is a girl.Mary has long hair.Mary is a girl who has long hair.2.The woman is in red
2、.The woman is my mother.The woman who is in red is my mother.3.The man is a farmer.The man is speaking at the meeting.The man who is speaking at the meeting is a farmer.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatWhere,when 定语从句的用法定语从句的用法:当先行词是当先行词是物
3、物时时,用用which 或或that引导引导.These are the trees which were planted last year.当先行词是当先行词是人人时时,用用who,whom,whose,that引导引导.who,whom,whose,that用法区别用法区别.who 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语或宾语主语或宾语.The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主语作主语Whom 作定语从句的作定语从句
4、的宾语宾语 The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作宾语作宾语whose 作定语从句的作定语从句的定语定语.I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定语作定语that 可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主语和宾语主语和宾语.注意注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可关系代词作动词宾语时可
5、省略省略.The woman(whom/that)they wanted to visit is a teacher.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.4.My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5.The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.
6、which/thatwhom6.Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that7.Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.9.The first one _ stands up is a little boy.thatthatthat1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.This is the doctor who saved the boys life.2.正在跑步的那个人
7、是我的叔叔正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle.3.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.I like the music that I can sing along with.4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.The woman who lives next door is a teacher.thatwherewherethatwhenthatwhenthat一、判断定语从句引导词的一般规律：一、判断定语从句引导词的一般规律：1、关系代词、关系代词1）that既可用来指代人也可用来指代事物，
8、在从句中充当主语或宾语。例如：Whos the boy that is reading a book?正在看书的这个男孩是谁？（指人，作主语）The man that you talked to is my uncle.和你说话的那个人是我叔叔。（指人，作宾语）The train that has just left is for Shanghai.刚发车的这趟列车是去上海的。（指物，作主语）Can you show me the photo（that）you like best?你能把你最喜欢的这张照片给我看看吗？（指物，作宾语）2）whose既可用来指代人也可用来指代事物，在从句中充当定语
9、。例如：This is the girl whose math book is lost.这就是丢了数学书的女孩。（指人，作定语）The house whose windows are closed is mine.窗户都关着的这栋房子就是我家。（指物，作定语）3）which用来指代事物，在从句中作主语或宾语。例如：Look at the kites which are flying in the sky.瞧瞧那些在空中飞舞的风筝。（指物，作主语）The pen（which）Im using is pretty good.我正在用的这支笔相当好。（指物，作宾语）4）who用来指人，在从句中作主
10、语或宾语。例如：Could you recognize the thief who stole your things?你能认出偷了你的东西的那个小偷吗？（作主语）The man（who）you want to meet has come.你要见的人来了。（作宾语）2、关系副词关系副词1）when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。例如：Could you still remember the time when the train left?你还记得列车发车的时间吗？Ill never forget the date when I joined the League.我绝不会忘记我入团的日期。
11、2）where表示地点，在从句中作地点状语。例如：Is this the shoe factory where your father works?这是你父亲工作的鞋厂吗？Please show me the place where the accident happened.请带我到事故发生的现场去。3）why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词通常是reason一词。例如：Do you know the reason why he was late for school?你知道他上学迟到的原因吗？Please tell me the reason why you wont come.
12、请告诉我你不能来的原因。1、who，whom，that，which在从句中作 宾语时，往往被省略，尤其是在口语和 非正式文体中。2、关系代词who，whom，that，which在 从句中作介词宾语时，不可省。3、关系代词who，that，which在从句中 作主语时，不可省。4、关系代词whose在任何情况下都不能省略。二、关系代词可不二、关系代词可不可省略的问题可省略的问题三、只能用that作引导词的定语从句 1、先行词指物时，只能用、先行词指物时，只能用that作引导词的定语从句：作引导词的定语从句：2）先行词前有all,little,few,much,any,every,no等修饰时。
13、例如：There is little work that is fit for you.没什么工作适合你做。I have eaten all the food that is left.我把剩下的所有食物都吃了。1）先行词是指物的all,little,few,much,any,anything,something，everything,nothing,none,the one时。例如：All that I can do has been done.我能做的都已经做了。He wont tell you anything that he has heard about it.他不会告诉你他所听到的
14、有关它的任何情况。3）先行词时what或which时，为了避免重复，多用that引导。例如：Which is the house that caught fire yesterday?昨天失火的是那座房子？4）先行词是there be 句型中的主语，且指物时。例如：There are some apples on the table that are nice and sweet.桌子上有些非常甜的苹果。5）先行词作主句的表语时。例如：Its a book that will help you a lot.这是一本对你有很大帮助的书。Its a sunny day that we are lo
15、nging for.这是我们所渴望的晴天。四、先行词指人时，只能用四、先行词指人时，只能用who作引导词的定语从句：作引导词的定语从句：1、关系代词在从句中作主语时，通常用who。例如：The boy who helped you is my younger brother.帮你忙的那个男孩是我弟弟。Is the woman who rides a red bike every day your aunt?每天都骑着一辆红色自行车那个女人是你姑姑吗？2、先行词为指人的all,one，ones，someone，anyone，everyone，no one等代词时。例如：One who doesnt work hard will never get happiness.不努力工作的人，永远得不到幸福。Do you know anyone who can mend locks?你认识会修锁的人吗？3、先行词是there be句型中的主语，且指人时。例如：There is a stranger who wants to see you.有个陌生人想要见你。Once there was king who was very silly.从前，有个非常愚蠢的国王。
