1、Unit 1 Grammar and usage doing v-ing v-ed 非谓语动词非谓语动词 to do 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态 用法用法 一般式一般式 进行式进行式 完成式完成式 to do to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done 表示动作将要发生或者表示动作将要发生或者 于谓语动作同时发生。于谓语动作同时发生。 表示谓语动作发生时，表示谓语动作发生时， 不定式动作正在进行。不定式动作正在进行。 表示动作发生在谓语动表示动作发生在谓语动 作之前。作之前。 否定式：否定式： not to d
2、o not not not not not 动 词 不 定 式 的 句 法 功 能 动 词 不 定 式 的 句 法 功 能 To have an ice cream is cool. I want to see you this evening. All you should do now is to remember todays lesson. I want a pen to write with. He lowered his head to sleep. He asked his partner not to copy the homework. 主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语
3、 状语状语 宾补宾补 重点重点! Remember them! 一、不定式做主语，一般用一、不定式做主语，一般用itit当形式主语当形式主语， 把作主语的不定式短语后置。把作主语的不定式短语后置。 is impossible to finish the work in a week. To finish the work in a week is impossible. It Its + adj. of sb. to do sth. Its + adj. for sb. to do sth. Its kind you to help me. Its not easy you to finish
4、 the task. of for It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is of little good staying up too late every day. 但在下列句型中常用但在下列句型中常用-ing形式形式作主语。作主语。 It is/was no use/good not any use/good of little use/good useless +doing sth. 注意注意 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, , 应保持应保持 形式上的一致。形式上的一致。 SeeingSeeing isis belie
5、vingbelieving. . To seeTo see isis to believeto believe. . 眼见为实。眼见为实。 二、不定式做表语时，如果主语里含有实义二、不定式做表语时，如果主语里含有实义 动词动词dodo的各种形式的各种形式，那么不定式的，那么不定式的toto要省要省 略。略。 The only thing I can do is in bed. 我现在唯一能做的就是努力学习。我现在唯一能做的就是努力学习。 Her wish is a pop singer. lie to become What I can do now is study hard. 三、三、 不
6、定式后有不定式后有adj./n.adj./n.做宾补时，常把不做宾补时，常把不 定式定式to doto do方后面，其位置用方后面，其位置用 it it 代替。代替。 think/think/ find/find/ feel/feel/ consider/consider/ make/make/ regardregard+ itit + + adj./n.adj./n. + + to doto do They find it pleasant to work with him. it to work I think it my honor to be invited to speak here
7、. it to be invited 四、动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往四、动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往 有动宾关系，如果该不定式是有动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词不及物动词， 或者该不定式本身有宾语，其后应有或者该不定式本身有宾语，其后应有相应相应 的介词的介词。 He is looking for a room to live. She has a child to . in. 她有一个小孩要照顾。她有一个小孩要照顾。 take care of. something, anything, nothing, everything等等 复合不定代词常用复合不定代词常用不定式不定式做后
8、置定语。做后置定语。 1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？你有什么东西要寄吗？ （不定式（不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是you） 2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已的动作执行者是已 被省略的被省略的me或或someone else） 注意比较注意比较 五、五、不带不带to的不定式的不定式作宾补作宾补 三三 使使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear 一
9、感一感: feel 四四 看看 watch see observe notice I heard them sing a pop song . The teacher made me answer the question. We watched them play football. 如果上述结构变为被动语态如果上述结构变为被动语态, ,不定式就由不定式就由 原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语, ,此时动此时动 词词( (let, have无被动语态无被动语态) )后原来后原来不带不带to的不的不 定式要定式要加加to。 Be careful!Be careful!
10、 He was seen to go upstairs. He was made to do his work . forget, remember, try, regret, mean, stop 等动词后既可跟等动词后既可跟to do又可跟又可跟doing，但是意义，但是意义 不一样，须根据其习惯用法和语境进行取舍。不一样，须根据其习惯用法和语境进行取舍。 The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot _ (turn) it off. to turn 1. go on to do go on doing 2. stop to do st
11、op doing 3. remember to do remember doing 4. cant help to do cant help doing 5. forget to do forget doing 6. regret to do regret doing 7. try to do try doing 8. mean to do mean doing 接着做（另一件事接着做（另一件事) 继续做（同一件事）继续做（同一件事） 停下来去做；停下来去做； 停止做停止做 记住要做；记住要做； 记得曾做过记得曾做过 帮不上忙；帮不上忙； 情不自禁地做情不自禁地做 忘记要做；忘记要做； 忘了曾
12、经做过忘了曾经做过 很遗憾抱歉地去做；很遗憾抱歉地去做； 后悔做了后悔做了 努力做；努力做； 试着做试着做 打算做；打算做； 意味着做意味着做 六、六、介词介词except/ but except/ but 之后接不定式时，如果介之后接不定式时，如果介 词前有词前有实义动词实义动词do的各种形式的各种形式则则except/ but 后接后接不带不带to 的不定式；反之，如果的不定式；反之，如果except/ but前前没有实义动词没有实义动词do，则不定式，则不定式带带to 。 Cai has no choice but the homework. Cai does nothing but e
13、very day. to do does sleep 七、不定式的主要用法之一是在句中作状语，七、不定式的主要用法之一是在句中作状语， 表目的、原因、结果和条件表目的、原因、结果和条件 1) 表目的时放句首或者句末表目的时放句首或者句末,常与常与in order to, so as to 连用。连用。 He got up early so as not to be late. 2) 表结果时，常跟表结果时，常跟only搭配，放句末用逗号隔开搭配，放句末用逗号隔开 He arrived at the airport, only to find the plan had taken off. 注意
14、注意 不定式做结果状语还有以下常用句型：不定式做结果状语还有以下常用句型： 1、too + adj./adv. + to do sth. 2、n./adj./adv. + enough to do sth. 3、enough + n. + to do sth. 4、such + n. + as to do sth. 5、so + adj./adv. + as to do sth. 八、不定式的省略八、不定式的省略 (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词。省略该动词。 - Would you like to go with me ? - Id li
15、ke to . (2). 不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构, be 不可省。不可省。 - Would you like to be a teacher? - Id like to be. Put what you have learned into practice!Put what you have learned into practice! 1. Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? Not at all, _. A. Ive no time B. Id rather not C. I
16、d like it D. Id be happy to 2. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _ it didnt fit. A. to find B. found C. finding D. having found 3. In Australia he made a lot of friends _a very practical knowledge of English. A. get B. getting C. to get D. got 4. The little time
17、we have together we try _wisely. A. spending it B. to spend it C. to spend D. having spent 5.Paul doesnt have to be made_ . He always works hard. A. study B. to study C. studied D. studying 6. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to have heard C.
18、hearing D. being heard 7. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good_. A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed 8.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater chal lenge. A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet 9. Nowadays people
19、 sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _. A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused 10. Its important for the figures _ regularly. A. to be updated B. being updated C. to update D. having updated 11. I need a piece of paper _. A. to write B. to be written C. to write on D. to be written on Homework: Finish the exercise sheet about the infinitive. Thanks
