1、名词性从句名词性从句 _ Noun clauses 在句中的在句中的作用相当于名词作用相当于名词的从句即是的从句即是名词性从句名词性从句。 Tracey does whatever her parents ask her to do. The teacher did not accept my excuse that the dog ate my homework. _ _ 知识改变命运，学习成就未来知识改变命运，学习成就未来。 概念概念 独立存在的主谓语结构是主句。独立存在的主谓语结构是主句。不能独立存在而必不能独立存在而必 须从属于主句的主谓结构是从句须从属于主句的主谓结构是从句。名词性从
2、句就是在整。名词性从句就是在整 个句子中的作用相当于一个名词或名词短语的从句。名个句子中的作用相当于一个名词或名词短语的从句。名 词性从句作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。词性从句作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。 _ 名词性从句的类别及其意义名词性从句的类别及其意义 that引导的从句：表一种引导的从句：表一种事实或观点事实或观点。 (表示感叹时用表示感叹时用how+形容词形容词/副词或副词或what引导引导) 名 词 性 从 句 名 词 性 从 句 whether或或if引导的从句：表示引导的从句：表示一般疑问一般疑问； 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词引导的从句：表示引导的从句：表示特殊疑问特殊疑问 (who,
3、 whom, whose; what; which; when, where, why, how; how many, how much, how often) 具体对象具体对象 a. wh-引导：表特指的人引导：表特指的人、物物、事事、时间时间、 地点地点、原因原因、方式等方式等。 b. wh-ever引导：表泛指的人引导：表泛指的人、物物、事事、 时间时间、地点地点、原因原因、方式等方式等。 近年高考中的名词性从句考点近年高考中的名词性从句考点 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 合计合计 what 4 5 6 8 9 1 6 39 whatever 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 5
4、that 2 3 5 4 3 5 3 25 whether 0 2 1 2 1 1 0 7 where 1 1 0 1 0 2 3 8 when 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 how 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 5 why 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 4 who 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 whoever 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 4 if 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 which 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 whichever 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 合合 计计 11 14 13 16 18 17 16 105 (包括湖北卷完成句子题中的名词从句考点包括湖北卷完成句子题
5、中的名词从句考点) 引导词引导词 年份年份 (that 引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 表示一种事实或一个观点表示一种事实或一个观点 正因为正因为thatthat引导的从句在句中起名词作用时表示事实或观点，引导的从句在句中起名词作用时表示事实或观点， 故故 直接引语表示事实或观点时转化为间接引语时必须用直接引语表示事实或观点时转化为间接引语时必须用thatthat引导引导(that(that紧接紧接 在动词后面时常省略在动词后面时常省略) )( (注意从句的时态和人称等的变化哦注意从句的时态和人称等的变化哦) )： _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6、 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 高考题中部分高考题中部分that引导的主语从句引导的主语从句 It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. (1992) That you dont like him is none of my business. (1992) _ 此句型中能用哪些动词？ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 当然是那些能描述事实或观点的词语。 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 此句型中能用哪些形容词？ 当然是那些能描述事实或观点的词语。 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 此句型中能用哪些名词短语？ 当然是那些能描述事
7、实或观点的词语。 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 此句型中能用哪些不及物动词？ 当然是那些能描述事实或观点的词语。 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 此句型中能用哪些词语？ 当然是那些能描述事实或观点的词语。 _ Fortune often rewards those that have patience. 只要有耐心，总会走好运。只要有耐心，总会走好运。 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 哪些词语后面可以接that宾语从句？ 凡是词法或词义上能接事实或观点的词语！ 哪些主语后面可以接that引导的表语从句？ 一切本身表示事实或观点的主语(the fact / possibility, My
8、hope /suggestion / belief, etc.)！ reason做主语时，表语从句由做主语时，表语从句由that引导，不用引导，不用 because。 高考题中部分高考题中部分that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 Having checked the doors were closed , and that all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. (2007 湖南卷) _ _ _ 哪些名词后面可以接that引导的同位语从句？ 这取决于thatthat引导的同位语从句本身的意义 表示 事实或
9、观点。换言之，凡是本身可以表示事实或观点 的名词(如truth, news, etc.truth, news, etc.)后面都可以接thatthat引导的同位语 从句。 总之，thatthat引导的名词性从句表示事实或观点， thatthat 本身无意义， thatthat在从句中不充当任何成分。换言之， 凡是表示事实或观点的本身不缺任何成分的名词从句 就用that that 引导。 (常考点常考点) 高考题中部分高考题中部分that引导的同位语引导的同位语 从句从句 There is no possibility that Bob can win the first prize in th
10、e match. (2001) There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions need to be improved. (2003上海) A story goes that Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (04上海) Along with the letter was his promi
11、se that he would visit me this coming Christmas. Danby left word with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. (05 浙江) Its thirty years since we last met. But I still remember the story, believe it or not, that we got lost on a rainy night. (06四川) There is much chance that Bill will r
12、ecover from his injury in time for the race. (06天津) Doris success lies in the fact that she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. (06上海春季) The news that our athletes won another gold medal was reported In yesterdays newspaper. (2008上海春招) (表示疑问表示疑问的名词性从句的名词性从句) 一般疑问用一般疑问用whether(whether(正式正
13、式) )或或if(if(非正式非正式) )引导。引导。 ( (注意语序哦！注意语序哦！) ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 后面接表示疑问的名词从句时主句谓语必须 能与表示疑问的信息搭配，也即，主句谓语不 能是表示确定信息的词语(如be sure, believe, etc.be sure, believe, etc.)， 只 能是表示非肯定或怀疑意义的词语(如ask, doubt, ask, doubt, dont know, wonder, etc.dont know, wonder, etc.)。 特殊疑问用特殊疑问用whwh- -连接词引导。连接词引导。 _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14、_ 表示特殊疑问的名词性从句 从句从句 的作用的作用 疑疑 问问 句句 名名 词词 从从 句句 主主 语语 Why they left the country is a secret. Where she went is none of your business. 宾宾 语语 、 Do you know when they are coming? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 代代 词词 副副 词词 _ _ 代代 词词 副副 词词 总之，疑问词引导的名词性从句表示疑问， 表示一表示一 般疑问的引导词般疑问的引导词在从句中不充当任何成分；表示特殊表示特殊 疑问的引导词疑问的引导词在从
15、句中充当成分(疑问词是代词时在从 句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；疑问词是副词时在 从句中作状语)。换言之，凡是表示特殊疑问的名词性 从句本身都缺少某种成分。 _ he referred in his article was unknown to the general reader. (07上海39) A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where ? to _ _ _ _ _ Whether Whether Whether if引导的名词从句作主语时不能 放在句首，作宾语时不能紧接在介词后； 另外，if引导的名词从句不作表语和同位语。 记住哦： 主语从句应与表语在意义
16、上一致主语 从句表事实时表语也必是事实；主语从句是疑问 时表语也该是疑问等非确定意义。表语从句与主 语也应表意一致。 注意哦： _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 当主句是疑问句而宾语从句又表示特殊疑问且主句 谓语是表示观点、看法的动词(think, suppose, believe, say, imagine, propose)时，应把宾语从句的引导词(特 殊疑问词)提到句首构成一种双重疑问句： What do you suppose has happened to her? What do you think I ought to read first? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
17、 _ _ _ 哪些名词后面可以接wh-引导的同位语从句？ 这取决于whwh- -引导的同位语从句本身的意义 表示 疑问。换言之，只有本身表示问题的名词(如question, question, problem, have no ideaproblem, have no idea)后面才可以接whwh- -引导的同位语从句。 Ability is the son of knowledge and a good habit. that在从句中不作成分，没有意义；whether和if是连词，在句 中只起连接作用，在从句中不充当成分，但不能省略；而wh-连接 代词和连接副词在从句中充当某一成分，且有意
18、义。 动词doubt表示“怀疑、不知道” 解时，肯定句接whether引 导的宾语从句；否定句dont doubt和疑问句Do you doubt要接that 引导的从句。 e. g. I dont doubt that he will come soon. 我不怀疑他不久会来。 Can you doubt that he will win? 你怀疑他会赢吗？ I doubt whether it is true. 我怀疑那不是真的。 whether从句几乎能作所有介词的宾语；that引导的从句只能 作except, but, besides的介词宾语。 e. g. I have no int
19、erest in whether he will come. He is a good boy except that he is careless sometimes. whether和和if的区别的区别 （1）whether可以用于discuss和一般的介词，而if不能。 （2）whether用于所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句； 主语从句在句首时不用if；有形式主语it时if能引导主语从句。 （3）whether可以构成whether or not或whether or no，if则不能。 但可以说whether/if or not, whether/if or。 （4）if引导
20、的从句可用于否定谓语后，whether从句则不能。 e. g. I dont care if you wont come. 我才不在乎他来不来呢。 He doesnt care if you dont pay the money. 你付不付钱他不在乎。 (wh-连接词连接词 引导的指具体对象的名词性从句引导的指具体对象的名词性从句) _ _ _ _ (泛指对象泛指对象) (特指对象特指对象) You must believe in what you do and who you are if you want to succeed in the world. Most of us probab
21、ly dont think about what is going on in our mind when we are reading. Knowing how we feel when we read can help us become better readers, and it will help us discover more about the real magic of books. Water, which seems so simple and common, is what makes life possible. It is not enough to simply
22、decide where you want to go. You must also consider when and how you want to travel. wh-词(此处称为连接词)引导的名词性从句若表示 具体对象 人、物、事、时间、地点、原因、方式等， 引导词引导词在从句中必须充当某种成分(连接词是代词时在 从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接词是副词时 在从句中作状语)。换言之，凡是表示具体对象的名词 性从句本身都缺少某种成分。 _ in learning English is enough practice. (07全国II 17) A. What B. Why C. Wh
23、ere D. Which matters most ? _ 高考题中部分高考题中部分表示泛指对象表示泛指对象的从句的从句 Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (88) Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests. (95) Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. (99) Could I speak to whoever is in charge
24、 of International Sales, please? (2007 山东) Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales, please? (2009全国I) The how-to book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job. (2009陕西) It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. (97) These wild flowers are s
25、o special I would do whatever I can to save them. (2000) She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do whatever it takes to save her life. (湖南2009) How about camping this weekend, just for a change? OK, whatever you want. (2010浙江) Whichever team wins on Saturday will go through to the national
26、 championships. (06山东27) 高考题中部分高考题中部分表示特指对象表示特指对象的从句的从句 What we cant get seems better than what we have. (96) A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. (04 天津) The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at what I thought was a dangerous speed. (04上海春季) The way
27、 he did it was different from what we were used to. (05江西) What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. (06辽宁) Choosing the right dictionary depends on what you want to use it for. (07 江苏) As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about what he will do or think. (08
28、年 上海) I want to be liked and loved for what I am inside. (2010北京) Why not try your lick downtown, Bob? Thats where the best jobs are. (07 浙江) Have you finished the book? (2010全国II ) No. Ive read up to where the children discover the secret cave. I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all
29、 day on Sundays. (2010江苏) Thats where I dont agree. You should have a more active life. The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park. (08天津) 引引 导导 词词 用用 法法 特特 点点 例例 句句 whoever 表示 “凡是 的任何人”, 在从句中作 主语、宾语 或表语。 Whoever works hard will pass the exam. He helps whoever is in trou
30、ble. Give the clothes to whoever needs them. Whoever a friend is is welcome. whatever 表没限 定 范 围 的 “凡是 的 任 何 物 / 事”，在从 句中作主语、 宾语、表语 或定语。 Whatever he does is worth learning. Learn whatever benefits you. Help yourself to whatever you want. Dont accept whatever gift you receive. Whatever knowledge you l
31、earn will do you good. whichever 表 示 限 定范围中的 “凡是 的任何人/物” Whichever player scores the highest number of points will be the winner. I will like whichever you choose for me. 表示泛指对象的引导词的辨析表示泛指对象的引导词的辨析 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (名词性从句的引导词用法名词性从句的引导词用法) whatwhat 和和whichwhich引导的名词性从句的比
32、较引导的名词性从句的比较 what引导的名词从句引导的名词从句 which引导的名词从句引导的名词从句 We should respect food and think about the people who dont have what we have here and treat food nicely. (10福建) (作宾语指物) It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (10浙江) (作定语指
33、物) After what seemed a long time, he came back to life. (作主语指时 间) He is now not what he was. (指 人) When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know which lane he is entering. (10 上海) (指物作定语) I dont know which of us was the more scared. (主语， 指人) what只能引导名词性从句，用 于没
34、有限定选择范围没有限定选择范围时的特指的物、时的特指的物、 事、人和时间、地点等事、人和时间、地点等，在从句中 作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 which既可引导定语从句 也可引导名词性从句。引导 名词性从句时用于限定选择限定选择 范围范围(句中不一定指明范围)的的 特指的疑问或人特指的疑问或人/ /物物。在从句 中作主语、宾语、表语和定 语。 what what 和和whateverwhatever引导的名词性从句的比较引导的名词性从句的比较 what引导的名词从句引导的名词从句 whatever引导的名词从句引导的名词从句 What he said is worth considering.
35、Im tired of what Im doing. What he read yesterday was interesting. Take what you need most when shopping . Whatever your parents say ( (特指特指) ) ( (泛指泛指) ) ( (特指特指) ) whatever I do ( (泛指泛指) ) Not whatever he read ( (特指特指) ) ( (特指特指) ) ( (泛指泛指) ) whatever measures you consider best ( (泛指泛指) ) WhatWhat
36、引导的名词从引导的名词从 句既可以表示疑问，又句既可以表示疑问，又 可以表示具体的人、物、可以表示具体的人、物、 事或时间等对象，表示事或时间等对象，表示 具体对象时必定是虽没具体对象时必定是虽没 限定范围但却是限定范围但却是确定确定的，的， 即指确定的人、物、事即指确定的人、物、事 或时间等。或时间等。 WhateverWhatever引导的名词从句引导的名词从句 一般一般不可能表示疑问不可能表示疑问，只能，只能 表示具体的对象表示具体的对象主要指主要指 物或事，且该具体对象没限物或事，且该具体对象没限 定范围且是定范围且是不确定不确定的任何物的任何物 或事。或事。 which which
37、和和whicheverwhichever引导的名词性从句的比较引导的名词性从句的比较 which引导的名词从句引导的名词从句 whichever引导的名词从句引导的名词从句 I read about it in some book or other. Does it matter which it was？ The teacher asked which of us had any problems. I have no idea which of the other European countries is the largest. You can choose whichever you
38、 want. Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a helping hand to others. You can take whichever seat you want. Vote for whichever proposal you think most favourable. whichwhich引导名词性从句引导名词性从句 时时只能只能表示疑问表示疑问，即询问，即询问 限定范围中的哪一个限定范围中的哪一个/ /些些。 whicheverwhichever引导名词性从引导名词性从 句时句时不能不能表示疑问表示疑问，只能表，
39、只能表 示具体对象示具体对象 限定选择范围限定选择范围 中的随便哪一个中的随便哪一个/ /些人或物些人或物。 whatever whatever 和和whicheverwhichever引导的名词性从句的比较引导的名词性从句的比较 whatever引导的名词从句引导的名词从句 whichever引导的名词从句引导的名词从句 Ill do whatever you ask me to do. Whatever she did was right, I am afraid. These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them. It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. （NMET97） The poor young man is ready to accept whatever help he can get. (2005 全国卷全国卷 III ) You can choose whichever
