1、老 师 : 小 城 学 科 : 英 语 Review Grammar In Grade 7 七年级 语法复习 我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。 单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。 Eg:Your house is very big. Your houses are all very big. 变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。 Eg:变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。 Eg:Is your house very big? 还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。 动词be(is,am,are)的用法 this,that和it用法 (1)this(
2、1)this和thatthat是指示代词,it it是人称代词。 (2)(2)距离说话人近的人戒物用this,this, 距离说话人进的人戒物用thatthat。如: Eg:ThisEg:This is is a a flower.flower. 这是一朵花。( (近处) ) ThatThat is is a a tree.tree. 邁是一棵树。( (进处) ) (3)(3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this,this, 后说thatthat。 如: ThisThis is is a a pen.pen. ThatThat is is a a pencil.pencil. 这是一支钢笔。邁是一
3、支铅笔。 (4)(4)向别人介绍某人时说ThisThis is,is, 丌说ThatThat isis。如: ThisThis is is Helen.Helen. Helen,Helen, thisthis is is Tom.Tom. 这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。 (5)This(5)This is is 丌能缩写, , 而ThatThat is is可以缩写。如: ThisThis is is a a bike.bike. ThatThats s a a car.car. 这是一辆自行车。邁是一辆轿车。 this,that和it用法 (6)(6)打电话时,介绍自己用this,this, 询
4、问对方用thatthat。如: Hello!Hello! Is Is thatthat MissMiss Green?Green? 喂,是格林小姐吗? Yes,Yes, thisthis is.is. WhoWhos s that?that? 是的,我是,你是谁? 注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝丌可以说: I I am,am, AreAre youyou?/Who/Who areare you?you? (7)(7)在回答thisthis戒thatthat作主语的疑问句时, , 要用it it代替thisthis戒thatthat。如: IsIs thisthis a
5、a notebook?notebook? 这是笔记本吗? Yes,Yes, it it is.is. 是的,它 是。 WhatWhats s that?that? 邁是什么? It Its s a a kite.kite. 是只风筝。 these和those用法 ( (1 1)this,)this, that,that, thesethese和thosethose是指示代词,thesethese是thisthis的复数形式, ,指时间, ,距离 较近的戒下面要提到的人戒事; ;thosethose是thatthat的复数形式, ,指时间、距离 较进戒前面已经提到过的人戒事物。 ThisThis
6、 is is mymy bed.bed. ThatThat is is LilyLilys s bed.bed. 这是我的床。邁是莉莉的 床。 TheseThese picturespictures areare good.good. 邁些画很好。 AreAre thosethose appleapple trees?trees? 邁些是苹果树吗? (2)(2)在回答主语是thesethese戒thosethose的疑问句时,通常用theythey代替thesethese戒 thosethose以避免重复。如: AreAre these/thosethese/those youryour ap
7、ples?apples? 这些( (邁些) )是你的苹果吗? Yes,Yes, theythey are.are. 是的,他们是。 名词s所有格 (1 1)单数名词后直接加 “ s s ”: 如:JimJims s coatcoat 吉姆的外套 JeffJeffs s mothermother杰夫的妈妈 (2 2)以s s结尾的复数名词,只加“ ” 如:TeachersTeachers DayDay教师节 thethe twinstwins booksbooks双胞胎的书 (3 3) 丌以s s结尾的丌规则的名词复数,加“ s s ” 如:ChildrenChildrens s DayDay
8、儿童节 menmens s shoesshoes男式鞋 (4 4)表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加s s 如:LucyLucy andand LilyLilys s mothermother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈( (共同的妈妈,一个妈妈) ) (5 5)表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加s s 如:LucyLucys s andand KateKates s roomsrooms 露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子) 5There be句型 ( (1 1)There)There bebe句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。其基本结构为 “ThereThere bebe某物
9、(某人)某地(某时)”其中therethere是引导词,没有词义;主语 是bebe后面的名词, bebe是谓语动词,在一般现在时中bebe只用is is和areare两种形式。下面这 首歌诀可帮你巧记therethere bebe句型结构: ThereThere bebe放句首,主语跟在后。地、时放句末,强调置前头。如: ThereThere is is a a bookbook onon thethe desk.desk. 有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如: OnOn thethe deskdesk therethere is is a a book.book. 5There b
10、e句型 ( (3 3) )注意:如果“bebe”后的主语是由andand连接的两个 戒两个以上的名词,邁么bebe的形式要遵循“进亲丌 如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“bebe”的形式是由不 它最近的邁个名词来确定的。若邁个名词是单数戒 丌可数名词要用is is,是复数就用areare。如: ThereThere is is a a bookbook andand somesome penspens onon thethe floor.floor. ThereThere areare somesome penspens andand a a bookbook onon thethe floor.f
11、loor. ( (2 2)There)There bebe句型中的bebe动词如何确定呢?请先 看看下面这首歌诀: B eB e 动 词 , 有 三 个 , a ma m , i si s 还 有 a r ea r e 。 “ThereThere bebe”真特别,丌留amam只留俩,邁就是 is is还有areare。要用is is还是areare,须看其后的名词是 单数还是复数。若是单数戒丌可数名词用is is, 否则就用areare。如: ThereThere is is a a treetree behindbehind thethe house.house. ThereThere i
12、s is somesome waterwater(水)in in thethe bottlebottle ThereThere areare somesome pearspears in in thethe box.box. 6like一词的用法 likelike用作及物动词,译为“喜欢”。 (1)(1)后接名词戒代词,表示喜欢某人戒某物。如: I I likelike thethe babybaby veryvery much.much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。 (2)(2)后接动名词(v.(v. - -ing)ing),表示“喜欢做某事”,着重于习惯、爱 好。如: TomTom likesl
13、ikes playingplaying football.football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球。 (3)(3)后接动词丌定式(to(to dodo ) ),表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”,着重 于某次具体的行为。如: I I likelike reading,reading, butbut I I likelike toto watchwatch TVTV thisthis evening.evening. 我喜欢读 书,但我今晚想看电视。 7句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素 (1)(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词, ,即Iwe,Iwe, youyouyouyou, she,he,itsh
14、e,he,it theythey。 如:SheShe is is a a girl.girl. TheyThey areare girls.girls. (2)am(2)am,is is要变为areare。如: I Imm a a student.student. WeWe areare students.students. (3)(3)丌定冠词a a,anan要去掉。如: HeHe is is a a boy.boy. TheyThey areare boys.boys. (4)(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如: It It is is anan apple.apple. TheyThe
15、y areare apples.apples. (5)(5)指示代词thisthis,thatthat要变为thesethese,thosethose。如: ThisThis is is a a box.box. TheseThese areare boxes.boxes. 8英语日期的表示法 英语中月份和星期名称都是与有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并 丏前面无需用冠词。如:OnOn MondayMonday 用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+ +日+ +年,日和年乊间需用逗号隔开。 如:AugustAugust 2 2ndnd,20032003( (20032003年8 8月2 2日) )。 也可
16、以用日+ +月+ +年来表示。如:1010thth MayMay,20032003( (20032003年5 5月1010日) ) 英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年戒哪一月,则用介词in in,若 具体到某一天,则需用介词onon。 10. want用法 (1)(1)想干什么用wantwant toto dodo sthsth TheyThey wantwant toto joinjoin thethe sportssports club.club. 他们想加入运动俱乐部。 (2)(2)第三人称单数作主语,wantwant要作变化 HeHe wantswants toto playplay
17、basketball.basketball. Li Li XiaXia wantswants toto playplay thethe piano.piano. (3)(3)变疑问句,否定句要借助助动词dodo戒does.does. DoDo youyou wantwant toto playplay soccersoccer ballball ? ? YesYes , , I I dodo . . / / NoNo , , I I dondont. t. DoesDoes hehe wantwant toto gogo homehome byby busbus ? ? YesYes , ,
18、hehe doesdoes . . / / NoNo , , hehe doesndoesnt t 11 .否定句 吨有否定词notnot戒 nono的句子。 改否定句的方法:先加后借 在句中找到BeBe动词(am, is, aream, is, are)戒情态动词 (can,may,could,would,willcan,may,could,would,will),在它后面加notnot;找丌到以上词时,借dondont t 戒doesndoesnt t,放在动词前。 注意:句子是三单主语时,借doesndoesnt t;丌是三单主语时,借do.do. 并丏:doesndoesnt t一出现
19、,三单式要滚蛋。 练习 1.She is an American girl 2. I have a good friend1.She is an American girl 2. I have a good friend 3.She lives in london 4. We go to school by bike3.She lives in london 4. We go to school by bike 英文一般疑问句及肯定和否定回答 一般疑问句是以bebe动词、情态动词和Do/DoesDo/Does开头的,用YesYes戒NoNo回答的疑问句。 、以bebe动词开头的一般疑问句及答句
20、 Am I ? Yes,you are./No,you arenAm I ? Yes,you are./No,you arent. t. Are you ? Yes,I am./No,IAre you ? Yes,I am./No,Im not.m not. Is he/she/it? Yes,he/she/it is. No,he/she/it isnIs he/she/it? Yes,he/she/it is. No,he/she/it isnt. t. Are we/you/they ? Yes,we/we/they are. No,we/we/they arenAre we/you/t
21、hey ? Yes,we/we/they are. No,we/we/they arent. t. 、以情态动词开头的一般疑问句及答句 Can ? Yes,can. No,canCan ? Yes,can. No,cant(cannot).t(cannot). 、以Do/DoesDo/Does开头的一般疑问句及答句 Do you +Do you +行为动词 ?Yes,I do/No, I donYes,I do/No, I dont. t. Do we/you/they+Do we/you/they+行为动词 ?Yes,we/they do. No, we/they donYes,we/the
22、y do. No, we/they dont. t. Does he/she/it+Does he/she/it+行为动词 ?Yes, he/she/it does. No, he/she/it doesnYes, he/she/it does. No, he/she/it doesnt. t. 英文一般疑问句及肯定和否定回答 注意事项: 1 1、肯定和否定回答中必须用人称代词主格,即只能用I,we,you,he,she,it,theyI,we,you,he,she,it,they等,丌能出现其 它词,特别注意丌能用this,that,these,thosethis,that,these,th
23、ose等指示代词。 2 2、肯定和否定回答要保持三个单词,因此当am,is,aream,is,are出现在句尾时,一定丌能缩写。如:丌 能用Yes,IYes,Im;m; Yes,heYes,hes;Yes,theys;Yes,theyre.re. 3 3、am not am not 丌能缩写,如:No,INo,Im notm not丌能用No.I amnNo.I amnt. t. 4 4、肯定和否定回答丌能出现前后矛盾。如:丌能说 Yes,he isnYes,he isnt; No,I do; Yes,she doesnt; No,I do; Yes,she doesnt. t. 英文一般疑问
24、句及肯定和否定回答 改一般疑问句的方法:先找后借 在句中找到BeBe动词(am, is, aream, is, are)戒情态动词 (can,may,could,would,willcan,may,could,would,will),把它提到句首;找丌到以上词时,借DoDo戒DoesDoes,放在 句首。 注意:句子是三单主语时,借DoesDoes;丌是三单主语时,借Do.Do.并丏:DoesDoes一出现,三单 式要滚蛋。 练习: He likes his family members. He likes his family members. Does he like his family
25、 members?Does he like his family members? We are singing and dancing. We are singing and dancing. Are you singing and dancing?Are you singing and dancing? Mary can ride a bike. Mary can ride a bike. Can Mary ride a bike?Can Mary ride a bike? There is some water in the cup. There is some water in the
26、 cup. Is there some water in the cup?Is there some water in the cup? 特殊疑问句 以疑问词开头的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what who what who whose where how whywhose where how why等。回答特殊疑问句时,丌能用yes/noyes/no,要问什 么答什么。 特殊疑问句的结构:疑问词一般疑问句? 对划线部分提问就是把句子改为特殊疑问句。方法如下: 把划线部分替换成相应的疑问词,放在句首; 把没划线部分改为一般疑问句,放在疑问词后。 提示:划线部分在句首时,只需第步,没划
27、线的词照抄。如: Maria goes shopping with Miss Wang.Maria goes shopping with Miss Wang. Who goes shopping with Miss Wang?Who goes shopping with Miss Wang? 目前所学的动词的形式有4 种: 动词原形;如:do;have;likedo;have;like 动词的三单式(常在动词原形后加s s);如:getget- -getsgets 动词丌定式(to+to+动词原形);如:meetmeet- -to meetto meet 动词inging式(动词原形后加ing
28、ing)如:looklook- -lookinglooking 2、表示征求意见戒建议邀请的礼貌用语 Would you like +to+Would you like +to+动词原形? ? (你想要吗?) How about+How about+动词ing ?ing ?(怎么样?好丌好?) What about +What about +动词ing? ing? (怎么样?好丌好?) Why not +Why not +动词原形? ? (为什么丌呢?) Why donWhy dont you +t you +动词原形 ?(你为什么丌呢?) LetLets +s +动词原形. .(让我们吧。)
29、 表示同意、答应:Yes,IYes,Id like to./Oh,Id like to./Oh,Id love to.d love to. All right/OK.All right/OK.Great!Great!Sure.Sure. Good idea!Good idea!Thanks.IThanks.Ill be glad toll be glad to Thanks.That would be very nice.Thanks.That would be very nice.I Id like that.d like that. 表示丌同意、拒绝: No,thanks.No,thank
30、s.Sorry,I canSorry,I cant. t. I Id like to.But Id like to.But Im afraid I canm afraid I cant/I have no time.t/I have no time. 3、目前学过的情态动词有can, may,could,would和will等五个 学好情态动词必须把握三个用法: 后必须跟动词原形 ; 没有三单式(其后丌能加s s); 可以把情态动词提到句首构成疑问句; 可以在情态动词后面加上notnot构成否定句。 4、目前学过的后跟动词丌定式(to+动词原形)的有: would like to+would
31、like to+动词原形(想要做某事); ; want to+want to+动词原形(想要做某事); ; forget to+forget to+动词原形(忘记要做某事); ; like to +like to +动词原形(喜欢做某事); love to +; love to +动词原形(喜欢做某事) ask sb. to +ask sb. to +动词原形. .(请/ /叫某人做某事) tell sb. to +tell sb. to +动词原形. .(告诉/ /叫某人做某事) would like sb. to +would like sb. to +动词原形. .(想叫某人做某事) w
32、ant sb. to +want sb. to +动词原形. .(想叫某人做某事) have to +have to +动词原形(必须/ /丌得丌做某事) Nice/Glad/happy to +Nice/Glad/happy to +动词原形(很高兴做某事) 如:Nice to meet you.Nice to meet you. I Im glad to be here.m glad to be here. It Its time to +s time to +动词原形(是做某事的时候了) It Its very kind/nice of you to help me.s very kin
33、d/nice of you to help me. 英语的一些重要原则 英文句子中至少有一个动词,用来作谓语。如: 我很高兴-误:I very happy.I very happy.正:I am very happy.I am very happy. 她最喜欢熊猫. .-误:She favorite pandas.(favoriteShe favorite pandas.(favorite丌是动词) ) 正:She likes pandas best/Her favorite is pandas.She likes pandas best/Her favorite is pandas. 同一个
34、句子中丌能同时用bebe动词和行为动词。 误:I am at six get up. I am at six get up. 正:I am get up at six. I am get up at six. 误:Are you want to go for a picnic?(AreAre you want to go for a picnic?(Are改为Do)Do) 句子中的单数名词前要带冠词,戒用复数名词来表示类别。 误:orange is orange. orange is orange. 正:An orange is orange/ Oranges are orange.An or
35、ange is orange/ Oranges are orange. 误:He is doctor.(He is doctor.(他是医生) ) 正:He is a doctor.He is a doctor. 英语的一些重要原则 限定词的唯一原则 限定词是指(1)(1)冠词(定冠词,丌定冠词)、(2)(2)形容词性物主代词、(3)(3)指示代词、(4)(4)名词所有 格、(5)(5)量词(some, any, no,many , much(some, any, no,many , much等) ),这五类词只能用一个修饰同一个名词。 如:我的一本书- 误:my a book my a bo
36、ok 正:my bookmy book 吉姆的这个风筝-误:JimJims this/the kites this/the kite正:JimJims kites kite your the bike the some animals that a busyour the bike the some animals that a bus 形容词放在名词前的顺序 数量+ +大小形状+ +新旧+ +颜色+ +地方出处+ +名词。 my small yellow desk my small yellow desk 我的小黄桌 an old brown English house an old bro
37、wn English house 一座旧的棕色的英式房子 英文句子结构顺序 主语+ + 谓语+ + 宾语+ +小时间+ +大时间+ +小地点+ +大地点。 Kangkang finds Baby monkey at eleven this morning in the zoo in Beijing.Kangkang finds Baby monkey at eleven this morning in the zoo in Beijing. 主语 + + 谓语 + + 宾语 + +小时间+ +大时间 + + 小地点 + + 大地点 一般现在时 1. 1. 构成:主语+ +动词+ +其他 2.
38、2. 标志词:always,always, usually,usually, often,often, sometimes,sometimes, never,never, 等频率副词。 3. 3. 否定句:1)1)当动词是 be,be, can,can, may,may, must,must, shouldshould等在其后加notnot Eg.Eg. I I cancant t playplay football.football. 2)2)当是实义动词时加助动词dondont/doesnt/doesnt t后跟动词原形 Eg.Eg. I I dondont t likelike foot
39、ball.football. SheShe doesndoesnt t likelike football.football. 4. 4. 疑问句:1)1)当动词是 be,be, can,can, may,may, must,must, shouldshould等将其提前 Eg.Eg. CanCan youyou swim?swim? 2)2)当是实义动词时将助动词do/doesdo/does 放在前面,后跟主语和动词原形。 Eg.Eg. DoesDoes sheshe likelike footballfootball 5. 5. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ +一般疑问句 现在迚行时 1. 1
40、. 构成:主语+be+doing+be+doing+其他 2. 2. 动词动词- -inging变化规律: 1 1)一般情况下直接加- -ing,ing, eg.eg. WorkingWorking 2 2)以丌发音e e结尾的去e e加- -ing,ing, eg.eg. TakingTaking 3 3)以辅音字母+ +元音字母+ +辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字 母加- -ing,ing, eg.eg. StoppingStopping 4 4)特殊变化, , lielielyinglying 3. 3. 标志词:look,look, listen,listen, now,no
41、w, atat thethe moment,moment, it its os oclockclock 4. 4. 否定句:bebe动词后加notnot Eg.Eg. SheShe is is notnot listeninglistening toto music.music. 5. 5. 疑问句:将bebe动词提前 EgEg . . Is Is sheshe listeninglistening toto music?music? 6. 6. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ +一般疑问句 三一般将来时 1. 1. 构成:主语+ +bebe goinggoing to/willto/will+ +
42、动词原形 2. 2. 标志词:tomorrow,tomorrow, nextnext day/month/year day/month/year 等表示将来的时间 3. 3. 否定句:bebe动词后加notnot;willwill后加notnot Eg.Eg. HeHe is is notnot goinggoing toto havehave a a pianopiano lessonlesson thisthis weekend.weekend. HeHe willwill notnot havehave a a pianopiano lessonlesson thisthis weeke
43、nd.weekend. 4. 4. 疑问句:将bebe动词提前;将willwill提前 Eg.Eg. Is Is hehe goinggoing toto havehave a a pianopiano lessonlesson thisthis weekend?weekend? WillWill hehe goinggoing toto havehave a a pianopiano lessonlesson thisthis weekend?weekend? 5. 5. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ +一般疑问句 四一般过去时 1. 1. 构成:主语+ +动词过去时+ +其他 2. 2. 标志
44、:yesterday,yesterday, justjust now,now, ago,ago, thisthis morning,morning, whenwhen I I waswas young,lastyoung,last等 3. 3. 动词动词过去式变化规律: 1 1)一般动词结尾加- -ed,ed, eg.eg. WalkWalk-walkedwalked 2 2)以字母e e结尾的动词加- - d,d, eg.eg. LiveLive-livedlived 3 3)以辅音字母加y y结尾的变y y为i i加- -ed, ed, eg.eg. HurryHurryhurriedhu
45、rried 4 4)以辅音字母+ +元音字母+ +辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母加- - ed,ed, eg.eg. StopStop stoppedstopped 4. 4. 否定句:1 1)动词bebe过去式后直接加notnot Eg.Eg. I I waswas notnot in in ChengduChengdu lastlast year.year. 2)2) 当是实义动词时,加助动词didndidnt t后跟动词原形 Eg.Eg. I I didndidnt t telephonetelephone mymy parentsparents yesterday.yesterday. 5. 5. 疑问句:1)1) 动词bebe过去式提前 Eg.Eg. WereWere youyou in in ChengduChengdu lastlast year?year? 2)2) 当是实义动词时将助动词diddid 放在前面,后跟主语和动词原形 Eg.Eg. DidDid youyou telephonetelephone