1、Earthquakes Unit 4 Section Learning about Language Unit 4 课堂要点探究课堂要点探究 2 课堂达标验收课堂达标验收 3 课前新知预习课前新知预习 1 课课 时时 作作 业业 4 课前新知预习课前新知预习 观察下列句子，写出黑体词(关系代词)所指 代的词及在定语从句中所作的成分 A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. (指代_，作_) Then later that afte
2、rnoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. (指代_，作_) I dont know the girl whom you talked to just now. (指代_，作_) The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. (指代_，作_) Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destr
3、oyed. (指代_，作_) 答案：crack；主语 quake；主语 the girl；宾语 people；主语 survivors；定语 课堂要点探究课堂要点探究 一、基础点拨 1定义及分类。 定 语 从 句 定义 在主从复合句中，对某一名 词或代词起修饰限制作用的 从句 关系代 词 who; whom; whose; which; that; as 关系副 词 when; where; why 关系词 的 三个作 用 代替先行词 在定语从句中作句子成分 引导定语从句 2.关系代词的用法。 关系代词 先行词 功能 that 人或物 主语或宾语 which 物 主语或宾语 who 人 主语或
4、宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人或物 定语 This is the film which/that created a great sensation. (which/ that在定语从句中作主语) 这就是那部引起很大轰动的电影。 The book (which/that) they sent me is very good. (which/that在定语从句中作宾语) 他们寄给我的书非常好。 The man who/that stole your car has been arrested. (who/that在定语从句中作主语) 偷你汽车的人已经被捕获了。 The man (who
5、m/that) I saw told me to come here.(whom/that在定语从句中作宾语) 我见到的那个人让我到这里来。 Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black. (whose在定语从句中作定语) 请把黑色封面的字典递给我。 名师点津 (1)关系代词that可指人，可与关系词 which/who/whom互换，但是不可直接放在介 词的后面作宾语。 (2)作宾语或表语时who与whom可互换，若 紧跟在介词后面则使用whom；whom在从句 中不作主语。 (3)关系代词作宾语时可省略(与介词连用时除 外)。 (4)
6、关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的 单复数取决于先行词。 (5)如果whose所修饰的是无生命的名词，常 可用“the名词ofwhich(指物)”或“of whichthe名词”代替“whose名 词”。 This is the office in which I used to work. 这就是我过去工作过的办公室。 This is the building whose windows(the windows of which/of which the windows) were all painted green. 这就是窗户都被漆成绿色的那幢楼。 二、难点突破 关系词只用that，而
7、不用which或who的情况： 1当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词或先行词被 这些词修饰时。 All that can be done has been done. 一切能做的都已经做了。 2当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行 词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most beautiful park that I have visited. 这是我游览过的最漂亮的公园。 3当先行词被the only，the very, the last修 饰时。 Chatting was the on
8、ly thing that interested her. 聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。 4当先行词既指人，又指物时。 She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in. 她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。 5当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时， 为避免重复而用that。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ 6当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。 Shanghai is no longer the city that
9、it used to be. 上海已不是过去那个样子了。 名师点津 如何选用关系代词？ 第一步：找准先行词，初步确定所用关系词。 第二步：正确分析先行词与定语从句中谓语 动词的关系，从而验证所选关系词的正确性。 如果发现先行词在从句中作状语，就应选用 关系副词。 第三步：验证定语从句中的主谓一致性。关 系代词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词 的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。例如： He is the only one of the students who knows English. (先行词是the only one, 后面定语从句谓语用 knows)他是唯一懂英语的学生。 He is on
10、e of the students who know English. (先行词是the students, 后面定语从句谓语用 know)他是懂英语的学生之一。 课堂达标验收课堂达标验收 .语法单句填空 1John is the boy _ legs were badly injured in the accident. 答案：whose 考查定语从句。句意：那个 在车祸中腿严重受伤的男孩是约翰。先行词 the boy和legs是所属关系。whose在从句作 legs的定语。 2You might search on the Internet for comments or news sto
11、ries about this school _ may interest you. 答案：that/which 考查定语从句。句意：你 可以在网上搜寻你感兴趣的关于这所学校的 评论和新闻报道。分析从句成分可知关系代 词在从句中作主语。 导学号 01430230 3The most interesting book _ I want to read is Howls moving castle. 答案：that 考查定语从句。句意：我想读 的最有趣的书是哈尔的移动城堡。先行 词book被形容词的最高级修饰，应用关系代 词that，而不用which。 4The engineer _ my fat
12、her works with is about 50 years old. 答案：whom/who 考查定语从句。句意： 和我父亲一起工作的那个工程师大约50岁了。 分析从句成分可知，从句中缺少with的宾语， 先行词为the engineer。 5Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? 答案：that/which 考查定语从句。句意：你 还记得我们三个月前参观过的养鸡场吗？先 行词为the chicken farm，从句中visit缺宾语， 故应用关系代词。 6Effective measur
13、es _ will prevent the spread of the new disease should be taken in time. 答案：that/which 考查定语从句。句意：应 该及时采取有效的措施来阻止这种新疾病的 蔓延。先行词为effective measures，从句中 缺主语。 7They talked about their classmates and things _ they still remembered in middle school. 答案：that 考查定语从句。句意：他们谈 论了他们依然记得的中学的同学和事情。先 行词为classmates a
14、nd things，先行词表示 人和物，关系代词用that而不用which。 8The Sound of Music is the first English film _ I have ever seen. 答案：that 考查定语从句。句意：音乐 之声是我看过的第一部英语电影。先行词 是English film，前面有序数词the first修饰， 故关系词用that而不用which。 9Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than th
15、ose _ dont. 答案：who；who 考查定语从句。句意： 一天喝两杯咖啡的妇女患心脏病的几率比不 喝咖啡的妇女要高。此句中包含两个定语从 句，且关系词在定语从句中都作主语，不能 省略。 10(2016北京卷，22改编)I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise 答案：whose 考查定语从句。a couple是 先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和 couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，相 当于the children of whom，故填whose。 11The increased
16、 monthly pay will benefit more than 23 million migrant workers _ are currently employed in Guangdong Province. 答案：who 考查定语从句。句意：月薪的 增加将会让2,300多万在广东省打工的流动工 人受益。先行词为more than 23 million migrant workers，从句中缺少主语，应用关 系代词who。 12Bears often hide themselves in places _ cant be found by hunters. 答案：that/whic
17、h 考查定语从句。句意：熊 经常把自己藏在猎人发现不了的地方。先行 词是places，从句中缺少主语，故应用关系 代词that或which。 13The reason _ she gave for her being late was _ she was caught in a traffic jam. 答案：that/which；that 考查定语从句和表 语从句。句意：她给出的迟到的原因是她遇 到了交通堵塞。the reason是先行词，且在 从句中作gave的宾语，故应用关系代词。第 二个空是表语从句的引导词，且从句中不缺 成分，故应用that。 14Do you have anythi
18、ng _ you want to say at the meeting? 答案：that 考查定语从句关系词的选择。 句意：在会议上你还有什么要说的吗？先行 词是不定代词anything，从句中缺少say的宾 语。 15Do you know the man _ the little girl is turning to for help? 答案：whom/who 句意：你知道小女孩正 在寻求帮助的那个人是谁吗？ .选用合适的关系代词填空 1The boy _ saved your grandma is my neighbor. 2He is the man _ I saw yesterday
19、. 3The book _ I bought yesterday is on English grammar. 4Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? 5All _ can be eaten has been eaten up. 6This is the biggest laboratory _ we have ever built in our school. 导学号 01430231 7The first place _ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 8It is the day _ Ill never forget. 9The place _ interested me most was the Childrens Palace. 10Is there anyone in your class _ family is in the country? 答案：1.who/that 2.that/who/whom 3.that/which 4.that 5.that 6.that 7.that 8.which/that 9.which/that 10whose
