1、选修八选修八 第一单元第一单元 名词性从句（一）名词性从句（一） 语法 1、复习名词性从句。 2、学会辨别和正确使用主语从句、宾语从 句和表语从句。 名词性从句，即指性质相当于名词的从句，它包括主语 从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 本次课名词性从句（一）名词性从句（一）着重复习主语从句、宾语 从句和表语从句。 还是从引导词入手，建构起一个名词性从 句的知识体系；并且再次强调it既可做形式主语，也可做形 式宾语。还有，“that 什么时候可省，什么时候不能省”这 个问题一定要搞懂。另外增加了“宾语从句的否定转移”的 内容。 用来作主语的句子叫做主语从句。 主语从句通常由连词that和wh
2、ether、连接代词或连接副 词以及关系代词what引导。 1. that引导 That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着，真是奇迹。 That he should have ignored his students was natural. 他忽视学生是很自然的。 2. whether引导 Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。 Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 主语从句-引导词 3.
3、 连接代词引导 Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 两强相争勇者胜。 Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪个哪个就是你的。 4. 连接副词引导 When we arrive doesnt matter. 什么时候到没有关系。 How it was done was a mystery. 这是怎样做的是一个谜。 Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。 5. 关系代词what引导 What h
4、e says is not important. 他说的话并不重要。 主语从句-引导词 有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主 语it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。 (1) 对于以连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语代主语 从句： Its a pity that he didnt come. 很遗憾他没来。 It is important that he should know about this. 他必须知道此事。 (2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主 语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句： Whether they would support
5、us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 它对我们是利是害，还得看看再说。 主语从句-形式主语it (3) 对关系代词型what引导的主语从句，通常直接将主语从句 放在句首。 What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。 What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。 有时
6、也可将助用形式主语。如： It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。 (4) 如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构： Is it true that he is the girls father? 他是那女孩的父亲，是真的 吗？ How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又迟到了？ 主语从句-形式主语it 引导主语从句的连词that 有时可省，有时不能省，其原 则是：若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则that不能省略； 若that引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语it， 则that可以省
7、略： That you didnt go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省) It was a pity (that) you didnt go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省) 主语从句-that的省略 用来充作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。 1. that引导 We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。 The doctor insists that I give up smoking医生坚持要我戒烟。 2. whether / if引导 I dont know whether
8、 hell arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。 I didnt know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。 I wonder if its large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。 宾语从句-引导词 3. 连接代词引导 I dont know who whom you mean. 我不知道你指谁。 Please tell me which you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。 IIl do whatever I can do. 我将做我所能做的事。 You can take whichever you
9、like. 你爱拿哪个就拿哪个吧。 4. 连接副词引导 He asked why he had to go alone. 他问他为什么必须一个人去。 You dont know when you are lucky. 你身在福中不知福。 I asked how he was getting on. 我问他情况怎样。 He knows where they live. 他知道他们住哪里。 宾语从句-引导词 5. 关系代词what引导 She has got what she wanted. 她要的东西得到了。 【注意】有时介词后可接一个宾语从句(但介词后通常不接 that和if引导的宾语从句)：
10、 From what you say, he is right. 根据你所说的，他是对的。 有极个别介词(如but, except)可接that引导的宾语从句： She remembered nothing about him except that his hair was black. 她对他什么都不记得，只记得他的头发是黑的。 宾语从句-引导词 当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句处使 用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末： I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。 He hasnt made it know
11、n when he is going to get married. 他还 没宣布他何时结婚。 She found it difficult to answer the question. 她发现回答这个问 题很困难。 He feels it his duty to hetp others. 他认为帮助别人是他的责任。 He thought it best to be on his guard. 他认为他最好还是要警惕。 He made it a rule to speak in Parliament at least once every session. 他规定自己在议会每次开会时至少发一
12、次言。 I find it interesting talking go you. 我觉得同你谈话很有意思。 I consider it wrong to cheat in an examination. 我认为考试作弊是不对的。 宾语从句-形式宾语it 引导宾语从句的连词that 通常可以省略： She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会 的。 I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去。 I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望
13、我会成功。 He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。 I expect (that) the plane will he diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航 线。 【注】有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此 时that不可省略： That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。 宾语从句-that的省略 当动词think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一 个表示否定意义的宾语从句时，其否定通常转移到主语： I dont s
14、uppose that it is true. 我认为那不是真的。 I dont imagine that he will come. 我想他不会来的。 I dont think we need waste much time on it. 我想我们不必在这上面花太多时间 We didnt think wed be this late. 我们没想到我们会到得这么晚。 I dont suppose Ill trouble you again. 我想我不要再麻烦你了。 宾语从句-否定转移 表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。 连系动词be , appear, seem , look等之后
15、可以跟表语从句。 It was because he didnt pass the exam. 那是他不及格的原因。 She looks as if shes unhappy.她好像不高兴。 It appears that she was wrong. 看来，她错了。 It seems to me that we should answer for this. 在我看来，我们应该对这个负责。 It looks that he wants to teach us all he has. 看上去他想把他的全部知识教给我们。 表语从句-连系动词 1）wh-疑问词： My question is wh
16、o left.我想问的是谁离开了。 What I wonder is when he left.我想知道他是何时离开的。 Thats what he wants.那是他想要的。 This is where they once lived这就是他们曾经住过的地方。 That is why he didnt come here.这就是他为什么没到这儿来的 原因。 2）whether My question is whether he left (or not).我的问题是他是否离开了。 注：if不能引导表语从句。 表语从句-引导词 3）that The fact is that he left.
17、事实是他离开了。 The truth is that I didnt go there. 事实是我没去那儿。 4）because , as , as if, as though Its just because he doesnt know her. 这是仅仅因为他不认识她。 Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是如其表象。 He looks as if hes tired. 他好像累了。 表语从句-引导词 一、引导词：主语从句和宾语从句通常由连词that和whether、 连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词what引导。 表语从句通常由
18、wh-疑问词，whether,that, because , as , as if, as though引导。 二、形式主语和形式宾语： 有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it， 而将真正的主语从句移至句末。 当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句处使用 形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末。 三、that的省略： 引导主语从句的连词that 有时可省，有时不能省，其原则是： 若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则that不能省略；若that引 导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语it，则that可 以省略。 引导宾语从句的连词that 通常可以省略。有时为
19、了强调， that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略。 四、宾语从句的否定转移： 当动词think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一个表示 否定意义的宾语从句时，其否定通常转移到主语。 1_he does has nothing to do with me. A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If 2. The manager came over and asked the customer how_ A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel
20、had come about C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about 3. Energy is _makes thing work A. what B. something C. anything D. that 4. _he will be able to come remains a question. A.Whether B. If C. Where D. That 5.The question is _ he is able to do it alone. A. what B. whether C. whatever D. weather
