1、高级英语课程教案第二册第五课课件 Lets review this part,the organizational pattern:86-96 Contradictory Promises 97-98 Interposition.He wants to give the girl back.99-104 Ad.Misericordiam 105-108 False Analogy 109-114 Hypothesis Contrary to Fact 115-124 Poisoning the Well 125-154 backfiring of all the arguments词汇chir
2、p(v.):speak in a lively，shrill way嘁嘁喳喳地说-deposit(v.):put，lay or set down放下，搁下-glum(adj.):feeling or looking gloomy，sullen忧郁的，闷闷不乐的-ember(n.usuin p1.):the smoldering remains of a fire常用复余烬,余火-smolder(v.):burn and smoke without flame；be consumed by slow combustion闷烧；熏烧-fraught(adj.):filled，charged，or
3、loaded充满的；蕴含的-blubber(v.):weep loudly,like a child(小孩般)大声哭-analogy(n.):an explaining of something by comparing it point by point with something similar类比-brief(n.):a concise statement of the main points of a law case，usually filed by counsel for the information of the court诉讼摘要；辩护状-blueprint(n.):a p
4、hotographic reproduction in white on a blue background，as of architectural or engineering plans(建筑或工程设计用的)蓝图-hypothesis(n.):an unproved theory，proposition，supposition，etctentatively accepted to explain certain facts or to provide a basis for further investigation，argument，etc假设；前提-yummy(adj.):echoic
5、 of a sound made in expressing pleasure at a tastecolloqvery tasty；delectable；delicious表示享受美味的象声词口美味的，可口的-chunk(n.):a short，thick piece，as of meat，wood，etc一厚块(肉、木头等)-pitchblende(n.):a brown to black lustrous mineral，the massive variety of uraninite沥青铀矿-fracture(v.Amslang):cause to react with enthusi
6、asm美俚使着迷-gurgle(v.):make a bubbling sound in the throat，as a contented baby does(婴儿快乐时)发咯咯声-notorious(adj.):widely but unfavorably known or talked about声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的-indignation(n.):anger or scorn resulting from injustice,ingratitude,or meanness;righteous anger愤慨，义愤-exultant(v.):exulting；triumphant；ju
7、bilant狂欢的；欣喜的；兴高采烈的-hamstring(v.):disable by cutting a hamstring；lessen or destroy the power or effectiveness of割断的腿腱以使残废；削弱(或破坏)的力量(或功能)-cretin(n.):a person suffering from cretinism；a stupid person愚侏病者；白痴，傻瓜 -letup(v.):a slackening or lessening。as of effort；a stop or pause放松(努力)；中止，休止-chink(n.):a n
8、arrow opening；crack；fissure；slit缝隙；裂口-grueling(adj.):extremely tiring；exhausting折磨人的；使人筋疲力竭的-wellheeled(adj.):slangrich；prosperous俚有钱的，富有的-fashion(v.):shape；mold塑造；做成-constellation(n.):the part of the heavens occupied by a number of fixed stars星座；星宿-languish(v.):lose vigor and vitality；become weak变得
9、萎靡不振；倦怠-holloweyed(adj.):having deepset eyes or dark areas under the eyes，as from sickness or fatigue(由于生病或疲倦)眼窝凹陷的，有黑眼圈的-hulk(n.):an abandoned wreck or shell废船-surge(v.):have a heavy，violent swelling motion；move in or as in a surge汹涌澎湃-perspiration(n.):sweat汗 para94 If there is.irresistible force.A
10、n irresistible force and an immovable object cannot coexist.Para97 The girl simply had a logical-proof head:Polly had a head that was resistant to(would not be affected by)logic.proof:resistant to,unaffected by fireproof防火的 waterproof防水的Para98 Maybe somewhere.into flame:crater:the bowl-shaped openin
11、g in a volcano or a geyser 火山口火山口 ember(n.usu.pl.):ash of a dying fire 常用常用复复余烬余烬,余火余火 smolder(vi.):to burn with smoke but no flames;be consumed by slow combustion火星；火星；闷烧；熏烧闷烧；熏烧Para98 Maybe somewhere.into flame:Metaphor comparing Pollys mind to the extinct crater of a volcano,and“embers to some sp
12、ark of intelligence.Perhaps there is still some intelligence left in Pollys empty mind.Para101 When the boss.is coming:a long loose sentence,which ordinarily would be broken up into two or three separate sentences.In conversation such loose sentences are quite common.从句子从句子“信信息重心角度来看，有圆周句和松散句。这种句息重心
13、角度来看，有圆周句和松散句。这种句式的使用，会使文章波澜起伏，文气收放自如。式的使用，会使文章波澜起伏，文气收放自如。松散句即指将信息和实质局部在句子的前面先提松散句即指将信息和实质局部在句子的前面先提出，因此读者在看到最初的几个词后就知道了这出，因此读者在看到最初的几个词后就知道了这句话的意思。句话的意思。Para104 Have you.handkerchief:Polly is moved to tears by the poverty and misery of the worker.The writer manages quite successfully to make the r
14、eaders like or at least sympathize with Polly by describing her as a simple,nice girl with the right feminine emotions.On the other hand the writer dislike the shrewd,conceited and calculating freshman.Para105 surgeons.an operation:Surgeons use X-ray photographs to guide them during an operation.It
15、is seldom considered a“metonymy，but now because X-rays are now commonly taken to mean“photographs made by means of X-rays.Para109“Nuts，I muttered.Doggedly(固执的、固执的、顽强的顽强的).on:I went ahead stubbornly.I kept on persistently.We can see that there is a phrase“work like a dog拼命工作，苦拼命工作，苦干干 its a good word
16、 which exactly express the feeling of the young man.tired,impatient,but still have to do.Para110 Sounds yummy(美味):Sounds fine.yummy:(American colloquialism,echoic of a sound made in expressing pleasure at a taste)very tasty;delectable(令人愉快的)delicious:also used,chiefly by women,as a generalized term
17、of approvalPara111 If Madame curie had not happened to leave a photographic plate in a drawer with a chunk of pitchblende，the world today would not know about radium.本局使用了虚拟语气的混合条件句，主句与从句夫的动作发生在不同的时间，这叫做混合条件句。本句中if从句用了had done，表示与过去实事相反的假设，主句用了would do，表示与现在实事相反的假设。虚拟语气 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：、表示与现在事实相反的情况：
18、if+主语主语+过去时过去时+其他其他+主语主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他其他 例：例：1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果如果我是你，我会带把伞。事实：我不可能是你我是你，我会带把伞。事实：我不可能是你 2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的如果我知道他的 号码，我就会告诉你。号码，我就会告诉你。事实：不知道事实：不知道 虚拟语气 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况、表示与过去事实相反的情况 if+主语主语+had done+其他其他+主
19、语主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他其他 例：例：1.If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。事实：去晚了我就会见到她。事实：去晚了 2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。事实：没有听的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。事实：没有听我的话我的话虚拟语气 但是有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条但
20、是有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作假设不是同时发生时，件从句的谓语动作假设不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.如果我在学校学习刻如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 Para112 it just knock me out:I was excited and filled with pleasure by the movie.knock(oneself)out:(Americ
21、an slang)to elicit(引起)enthusiasm or an emotional response,especially deep sympathy or laughter I mean he fractures me:See notes to the text,point 11.fracture:American slang meaning,to evoke a strong reaction in someone；to cause to react with enthusiasm.Para114 They ought.more pictures:They ought to
22、let Walter Pidgeon act in more movies.picture:same as“movie picture;a movie filmPara115 One more chance,I decided:ellipsis and inversion.省略跟倒装省略跟倒装 I decided that I would give her one more chance.But just one more:ellipsis.But I d give her just one more chance,that s all.Para115 There is a limit to
23、what flesh and blood can bear:synecdoche(提喻法)Here we use flesh and blood to stand for a original person.凡夫俗子 There is a limit to what any human being can bear.Para115 Poisoning the well:the logical fallacy“ad hominem or speaking“against the man rather than to the issue.The writer compares“the person
24、al attack on a person holding some thesis to“poisoning the well-a metaphor.Para118 I watched her.in concentration:knit her creamy brow:to draw her soft brows together(as when thinking very hard)I watched her as she thought very hard.a glimmer.into her eyes:From her eyes I could see that for the firs
25、t time she was beginning to understand the problem.Para119 The first man.drink from it:Metaphor comparing the first speakers personal attack to poisoning the wellPara119 He has hamstrung(使残废).even start:hamstrung(v.):disable by cutting a hamstring；lessen or destroy the power or effectiveness of割断的腿腱
26、以使残废；削弱(或破坏)的力量(或功能)Metaphor compare the speakers personal attack to disabling a person by cutting one of the tendons at the back of the kneePara123 Heartened by the knowledge that Polly was not altogether a cretin,I began a long,patient review of all(that)I had told her.Encouraged by the idea that
27、Polly was not an idiot completely,I patient began to go over what we have discussed with her for a long time.Para123 Over and over.without let-up:to hammer away(at):to work without stopping and with a lot of effort；to keep emphasizing；to attack frequently e.g.1.He kept hammering away at his demand f
28、or a public inquiry let up:stopping;relaxing放松(努力)；中止，休止 Over and over again I gave examples and pointed out the mistakes in her thinking.I kept emphasizing all this without stopping.Para123 At first.all was bright:The comparison is kept up and developed through the rest of the paragraph.After a lot
29、 of hard work he managed to make Polly think logically.When he went out at the other end of the tunnel he found the sun shining brightly.Everything looked bright and happy.Para124 Five grueling.worth it:Inversion to emphasize“five grueling(极度紧张的、精疲力极度紧张的、精疲力尽的尽的)nights.grueling:(adj.)extremely tirin
30、g and difficult,and demanding great effort and determination:累垮人的，令人疲惫不堪的累垮人的，令人疲惫不堪的 e.g.He eventually won the match after five grueling sets.This(teaching Polly logic)took five extremely trying(exhausting)nights,but it was worth all the trouble.Para124 I had made a logician out of Polly:I had turn
31、ed Polly into a logician.out of:from(material etc.)e.g.made out of stone She was worthy of me at last:This,once again,shows the conceit of the narrator.Polly was now good enough to be his wife.Para124 She was a fit.well heeled children:mansion:a large,imposing house;stately residence well-heeled:(Am
32、erican slang)rich,prosperous Here the narrator describes the role,which he thinks,a wife should play.First she should be a proper hostess of a rich man who owns many mansions.In other words she should be good at entertaining his rich friends and clients and thus further his career.Second,she should
33、be a good mother and properly look after his rich and prosperous children.Para135 You are the whole worldof outer space:For me you are as important as the whole world,the moon,the stars,and the universe.Constellation:a number of stars that forms a shape in the sky 星座星座 para138 I was not by the throa
34、t:I planned to be Pygmalion,to fashion an ideal wife for myself;but I became Frankenstein for Polly(my student)ultimately rejected me(her teacher).para138 Frantically through me:Desperately I tried to stop the feeling of panic that was overwhelming me.Para 147 That did it:That was the finial straw.T
35、hat made me lose my patience.That made me lose my self-control.Para 151 After he made my hand:省略句。He did traitorous act after he promised,after he made a deal,after he shock my hand.Para 153 Look at me coming from:Look at me a clever student,a profound scholar,a man with a safe and secure future.Loo
36、k at Petey a stupid person,and emotionally unstable,a person with a very uncertain future.用了对照的修辞手法.Writing techniques:Max Shulman has a style quite his own.The story goes forward at a very fast pace with a lively dialogue full of American colloquialism and slang.He employs a whole variety of writin
37、g techniques to make his story vivid,dramatic and colorful.1.The lexical spectrum is colorful from the ultra learned terms 极端学术语 used by the conceited narrator to the vulgar language for Polly Espy.1)The use of exclamatory 感慨词words“Gee“Oo“Wow-dow 2)The use of ultra learned terms“Dicto Simpliciter“Po
38、st Hoc“Ad Misericordiam3)The use of colloquial 口语化words“dumb“pin-up“kid“go steady“date“Holy Toledo“casual kick,“terrif“magnif“yummy“fire away4)The use of slangs“nothing upstairs“keen“deal“nut“knock one out“dreamy“how cute“rat“knot-head“jitterbug“guy“fracture To sum up,the lexical spectrum is made so
39、 colorful by the writers use of exclamatory words,ultra learned terms,colloquial words and slangs.These lexical devices together help to contribute to the vividness and aesthetic beauty of the essay.2.Rhetorical devices Simile(1)“My brain was as powerful as a dynamo,as precise as a chemists scales,a
40、s penetrating as a scalpel.(para.4)(2)“First he looked at the coatwith the expression of a waif at a bakery window.(para.50)(3)“He looked like a mound of dead raccoons.(para.57)Metaphor隐喻隐喻 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers still smoldered.Maybe somehow I could fan them
41、into flame.(para.98)Metonymy转喻转喻“There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.(para.115)Here“flesh and blood refers to“a person.Antithesis对立(1)“It is,after all,easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.(para.27)(2)“Back and forth his head swiveled,desi
42、re waxing,resolution waning.(para.50)(3)“If there is an irresistible force,there can be no immovable object.If there is an immovable object,there can be no irresistible force.(para.94)Hyperbole夸大(1)“It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect.(para.5)(3)“You are the whole world to m
43、e,and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space.(para.135)Rhetorical question反问 “Who knew?(para.98)Allusion暗示(1)“Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned,so I loved mine.(Para.125)Pygmalion,from Greek mythology,is a king of Cyprus,and a sculptor,who fell in love
44、with his own statue ofGalatea,later brought to life by the goddess of love,Aphrodite,at his prayer.The narrator is comparinghimself to Pygmalion.He loves Polly just asPygmalion loved his statue.(2)“I was not Pygmalion;I was Frankenstein.(para.138)Frankenstein is the title character in a novel(1818)b
45、y Mary W.Shelley;he is a young medical student who creates a man-like monster that eventually destroys its own maker.The narrator is comparing himself to Frankenstein,which is doomed to be the victim of his own creature.Transferred epithet 移位修饰移位修饰;移就移就;移用移用A figure of speech where an epithet(an adj
46、ective or descriptive phrase)is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify to another to which it does not really belong.Generally,the epithet is transferred from a person to a thing or idea.1)The big man crashed down on a protesting chair.2)sleepless nights 3)The singling of the passionate
47、throat of a young man 4)There was a short,thoughtful silence.出现了一阵短暂的、令人沉思的寂静。5)The old man put a reassuring hand on my shoulder.老人把一只令人安心的手放在我的肩膀上。6)Exchange angry words.7)On that cold and lonely night,I recalled a lot of things from the past.8)“Help,let me in,please let me in!But the houses were c
48、old,closed,unfriendly9)I talked with the American in hesitant English.10)The old man lay all night on the sleepless bed.11)He passed many an anxious hour in the train.12)He had some cheerful wine at the party.13)“I said with mysterious wink and closed my bag and left.(para.40)8686“好，让我们来看看矛盾前提吧。好，让我
49、们来看看矛盾前提吧。8787“行，行，她叽叽喳喳地叫着，两眼闪现出快乐的光辉。行，行，她叽叽喳喳地叫着，两眼闪现出快乐的光辉。8888 我皱了皱眉头，但还是接着讲下去。这里有一个矛盾前提的例子：我皱了皱眉头，但还是接着讲下去。这里有一个矛盾前提的例子：如果上帝是万能的，他能造出一块连他自己也搬不动的大石头吗？如果上帝是万能的，他能造出一块连他自己也搬不动的大石头吗？8989“当然能，她毫不犹豫地答复道。当然能，她毫不犹豫地答复道。9090“但是如果他是万能的，他就能搬动那块石头呀，我提醒她。但是如果他是万能的，他就能搬动那块石头呀，我提醒她。9191“是嘛！她假设有所思地说，是嘛！她假设有所思
50、地说，“嗯，我想他造不出那样的石头。嗯，我想他造不出那样的石头。9292“但他是万能的啊，我进一步提醒她。但他是万能的啊，我进一步提醒她。9393她用手抓了抓她那漂亮而又空虚的脑袋，她用手抓了抓她那漂亮而又空虚的脑袋，“我全搞糊涂了，她成我全搞糊涂了，她成认说。认说。9494“你确实糊涂了。因为一种论点的各个前提相互间是矛盾的，你确实糊涂了。因为一种论点的各个前提相互间是矛盾的，这种这种论点就不能成立；如果有一种不可抗拒的力量，就不可能有一种不可论点就不能成立；如果有一种不可抗拒的力量，就不可能有一种不可移动的物体，如果有一种不可移动的物体，就不可能有一移动的物体，如果有一种不可移动的物体，就
