1、定语从句20242024年年高考英语高考英语语法语法复习复习1.定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句2.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词被修饰的名词或代词关系代词、关系副词关系代词、关系副词：3.引导定语从句的词关系代词：关系副词：when,where,why等等who,whom,whose,which,that,as等等定语从句的相关概念定语从句的相关概念There was an earthquake which happenedin Tangshan in 1976.关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以充当的成分关系代词在从句中可以充当的成分：指人指人指
2、物指物subject(主语主语)object(宾语宾语)attribute（定语）（定语）whomwhowhichthatwhose何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略做宾语时可以省略as1.The man _came to our school is Mr.Wang.2.The girl _ I met is Lucy.3.A child _parents are dead is called Tom.4.I like the book _ you bought yesterday.5.We shall never forget the days _we spent together
3、.6.I like the person _you just talked.7.I have a room _window faces south.8.We do the same work _ they do.who/thatwhom/that/whowhosethat/whichthat/whichto whomwhose as指代指代所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略whentimeadverbialnowhereplaceadverbialnowhyreasonadverbialno关系副词关系副词1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked toge
4、ther.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave me.when/during which及物动词及物动词where/at which及物动词及物动词why/for which及物动词及物动词which/thatwhich/t
5、hatthat/whichPractise一、一、that和和which用法的区别用法的区别(1)先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。I am sure she has something _ you can borrow.(2)先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等等 修饰时。修饰时。Ive read all the books _ you lend me.1、只能用、只能用that不用不用which的情况的情况(that)that
6、Do you have anything _ you dont understand?thatPlease send us any information _ you have about the subject.that(3)先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰时。修饰时。This is the first book _ he has read.(that)It is the most beautiful city _ Ive ever seen.that(4)先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the last修饰时。修饰时。This is the very b
7、ook _ belongs to him.thatHe is the only person _ was present at the time.that(6)先行词是先行词是who或或which引导的主句。引导的主句。Who is the girl _ drove the car?Who _ broke the window will be punished.(7)主句以主句以there be 引导时。引导时。There are more than 400,000 people _ died or were injured in the earthquake.(5)先行词先行词既有人又有物既
8、有人又有物时。时。The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast are popular to the students.thatthatthatthat(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语介词作宾语（介词提前）。（介词提前）。There are many trees _ they can have a rest.This is the ring _ she spent 1000 dollars.2、只用、只用which不用不用that的情况的情况(2)在非限制性定语从句中。在非限制性定语从句中
9、。Football,_ is a very popular game,is played all over the world.He failed in the exam,_made her mother angry.under whichon whichwhichwhich二、二、“介词关系代词介词关系代词”即即“介词介词whom/which”1、介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素：介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素：A.与先行词的搭配关系与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2)I will never for
10、get the days _ I worked in the school.3)I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.on whichduring whichin whichB.与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _ I paid 29 US dollars?2)Have you found the book _ I spent 29 US dollars?3)Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4)Have you found the boo
11、k _ she often talks?for whichon whichfrom whichabout which2.“介词介词whom/which”与与“whom/which/that/介词介词”的转换。的转换。1）The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood.The chair(which/that)she is sitting on is made of wood.2)Is this the book which you are looking for?He is the man we are looking forward to.
12、3.表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词词of,有时可用有时可用whose转换。转换。1)Im painting a house,the roof _ isround.Im painting a house _ is round.2)They live in a house,_ windows facesouth.They live in a house,the windows_ face south.of whichwhoseof whichwhose roof介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The man whom you spoke
13、 was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin4.介词提前细析介词提前细析介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she
14、lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.to
15、in介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these two sentences right?可见可见,who、that 不能用
16、与介词之后不能用与介词之后 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 4Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.在固定短语中介词不能提前在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 51.He works in a factory,in fornt of which there is a river.=He works in a factory,and in front of it there
17、 is a river.2.He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen the bag.3.He will come,in which case Ill ask him for help.=He will come,in this/that case Ill ask him for help.4.Smith has two daughters,the taller of whom is clever.=Smith has two daughters,and the taller of them is clever.介词介词+关系代词的
18、情况关系代词的情况 6I picked up the apples,some of which were sweet.=I picked up the apples,and some of them were sweet.=I picked up the apples;some of them were sweet.=I picked up the apples.Some of them were sweet.介词介词+关系副词关系副词/介词介词+关系代词关系代词+不定式不定式 7 1.The boy went up to the roof,from where he had a good v
19、iew of the enemy in the distance.2.The book was written in 1946,since when the education system was witnessed great changes.3.I have no pen with which to write.=I have no pen with which I can write.=I have no pen to write with.4.He is the best man with whom to discuss the matter.=He is the best man
20、with whom we can discuss the matter.1.Do you like the book she spent$10?2.Do you like the book she paid$10?3.Do you like the book she learned a lot?4.Do you like the book she often talks?5.He built a telescope he could study the skies.6.There is a tall tree outside,stands our teacher.7.China has a l
21、ot of rivers,the second longest _ is the Yellow River.8.The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill.9.The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.10.He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows,most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.on whichfor whichfrom which
22、about whichthrough whichunder whichof whichfrom whichto whomof which介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 练习练习Practice1.I dont know the reason_ you were absent from the meeting,but Im sure that someone will tell me the reason _ you havent told me.2.The boss_ department Mr.King worked 10 years ago looked downed upon w
23、omen.3.By nine oclock,all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma,_ appeared a rare rainbow soon.whyin whoseabove whichthat4.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%_ are sold abroad.5.For many cities in the world,there is no room to spread out furt
24、her,_ New York is an example.6.Jane is back in May,by_ the new house should be finished.7.He was educated at a local grammar school,_ he went on to Cambridge.of whichof whichwhenafter which8.Franks dream was to have his own shop _ to produce the workings of his own hands.9.Fred has some money in the
25、 bank,_ to help his mother.10.I shall never forget these years_ I lived in the country with the farmers,_ has a great effect on my life.whenin whichwith whichwhich分割性定语从句请指出先行词及分割语1.Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to see you?2.The day will surely come when everybody realizes
26、the danger of pollution.3.He arrived in Jinzhou in 1984,where he became a manager some years later.4.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,which of course,made the others unhappy.5.He was the only person in this country that was invited.1.The film brought the hours back to me_ I
27、 was taken good care of in that far-away village.2.The village has developed a lot_ we learned farming two years ago.3.Jackson is a man in my office _ I believe is honest.4.For many cities in the world,there is no room to spread out further,_ New York is an example.whenwherewhoof which含有插入语的定语从句1.Ah
28、ead of me I saw a woman who I thought was my aunt.2.I will hire the man who they say is a good Englishspeaker.3.The girl who you suppose is honest is her sister.1.The girl _ we supposed was drowned came back.2.The girl _ we supposed to be drowned came back.whowho定语从句与某些句型的区别 1.Could it be in the res
29、taurant in which you had dinner with me yesterday that you lost your handbag?2.It was in Beihai Park where they made a date for the first time that the old couple told us their love story.3.The news that he told me yesterday made me surprised.4.The news that he had passed the exam made me surprised.
30、强调句强调句强调句强调句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句1.Could it be in the meeting room_ you had talked with me last night_ you left behind keys?2.Was it at the air battle on June 8,1944,_ was led by Captain Johnson,_ Peter lost his life.3.-Where did you get to know her?-It was on the farm _ we worked.wherewhichwherethatth
31、at4.Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class_we got lost on a rainy night.5.Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.6.It was unnecessary for you to mention at the meeting the fact _ was clear to the others.7.A warm thought suddenly came t
32、o me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.that that that that定语从句与状语从句 1.He left the key where he had been an hour ago.2.He left the place where he lived for many years.3.Rice grows well where there is enough water.4.I have the same computer as you have.5.You sh
33、ould switch on the computer as your teacher told you to.6.He is such a good teacher as we all love and respect.7.He is such a good teacher that we all love and respect him.Practice1.If you are traveling_ the customs are really foreign to your own,please do as Romans do.2.When you read the book,youd
34、better make a mark_ you have any questions.3.There were dirty marks on her trousers_ she had wiped her hands.4.These houses are sold at such a low price_ people expected.5.His plan was such a good one _ we all agreed to accept it.wherewherewhereasthat1.as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._ i
35、s known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round._ is known to all is that the earth is round.Itwhich/as AsItas 有有“正如正如”之意，固定表达有：之意，固定表达有：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as is expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,What四
36、、四、as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句2.as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句 This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都
37、喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。1._ I expected on the phone,your request will be considered at the next meeting.2.The owner of the cinema
38、needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running,_ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.3.The Beatles,_ many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool.AswhichasPractice situation,point,case,scene,occasion+whereoccasion+when1.And theres one point where
39、Id like your advice.2.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.3.I can think of many cases where cultural differences really exist.4.Is this the scene of the murder(which/that)he described at the police station yesterday.1.Were just trying to reach
40、 a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.2.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the laws.3.Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.where where when Practice way+that/in which/-1.I dont
41、like the way _ he talks.2.I dont like the way _ he talks.3.Is this the way _ you talk with your parents?4.The way _ he thought of to solve the problem might be helpful.5.Many students dont know the way_ they can learn their subjects most efficiently.A.how B.which C.that D.by whichin whichthatwhich/t
42、hatin whichCu巩固练习巩固练习1.I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers,_ has a great effect on my life.2.Wilma became the first America woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track,_made her mother very proud.3.Can you tell me the name of the factory _ you visited last
43、week?when which that which 4.I dont like the way _ you speak to her.5.The most important thing _we should pay attention to is the very thing _I have said.6.She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons _none of us has ever heard of.7.He never reads anything_is not worth reading.in
44、 which that that that that 8.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.9._was expected,he failed in the exam.10.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.11.The children climbed up the hill,_ they picnicked.asAswhenon whose topwhich12.I still remember th
45、e day _I first came to the college.13.They will never forget the day _ they got married.14.He makes good use of the time _he can spare.15.The factory _ his mother works is in the east of the city.on whichwhenthatwhere16.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.17.That is the reason _he
46、 wasnt here yesterday.18.That is the reason _ he cant say.which why which 19.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,_ 80%are sold aboard.20.George Orwell,_ real name was Eric Arthur,wrote many political novels and essays.21.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.of whichwhosehas been
