1、Passage 1（2023新课标，B）词数328When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older,John started to wonder if th
2、is process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)?Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?With the right
3、 combination of animals and plants,he figured,maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥).First,he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks conne
4、cted to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks,John added the sludge.He was amaze
5、d at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water.Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)from 1,600 h
6、omes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China.“Ecological design”is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,”he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe wha
7、ts happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”阅读理解 B 人与自然：一项具有环保价值的发明生态设计【1】When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing through plants a
8、nd along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A.He was fond of traveling.B.He enjoyed being alone.C.He had an inquiring mind.D.He
9、 longed to be a doctor.阅读理解 B 人与自然：一项具有环保价值的发明生态设计 【2】After studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)?Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?With the right combination
10、of animals and plants,he figured,maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.25.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A.To feed the animals.B.To build an ecosystem.C.To protect the plants.D.To test the eco-machine.阅读理解 B 人与自然：一项具有
11、环保价值的发明生态设计 【3】The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥).First,he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and w
12、aited.Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks,John added the sludge.【4】He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been diges
13、ted,and all that was left was pure water.【5】Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China.26.What is the autho
14、rs purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A.To review Johns research plans.B.To show an application of Johns idea.C.To compare Johns different jobs.D.To erase doubts about Johns invention.阅读理解 B 人与自然：一项具有环保价值的发明生态设计 【6】“Ecological design”is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box o
15、f spare parts for the inventor,”he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”27.What is the basis for Johns work?A.Nature can repair itself.B.Organisms need water to survive.C.Life on Earth is divers
16、e.D.Most tiny creatures live in groups.Passage 2（2023新课标，D）词数316As cities balloon with growth,access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find.If youre lucky,there might be a pocket park near where you live,but its unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild
17、.Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans,but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.The research team focused on a large urban park.They surveyed several hundred park-goers,asking them to submit a written summary o
18、nline of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.The researchers then examined these submissions,coding(编码)experiences into different categories.For example,one participants experience of“We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while”was assigned the categories“sitting
19、at beach”and“listening to waves.”Across the 320 submissions,a pattern of categories the researchers call a“nature language”began to emerge.After the coding of all submissions,half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors.These include encountering wildlife,walking along the
20、edge of water,and following an established trail.Naming each nature experience creates a usable language,which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.For example,the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for
21、a young professional on a weekend hike in the park.Back downtown during a workday,they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.“Were trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.And
22、for that to happen,we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,”said Peter Kahn,a senior author of the study.语篇解读 本文是说明文，主题语境是人与环境、人与动植物。文章通过分析城市公园游客对自己与公园内自然环境有意义互动的描述，说明城市中的自然环境对人们幸福健康的重要性。熟词生义 balloon 熟义：n.气球生义：v.迅速增多；乘热气球旅行1.B细节理解题。根据题干关键词at the beginning of the text可定位到文章第一段，
23、由最后一句中的“its unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild”可知，要在一个城市里找到相对有自然气息的地方不容易。故选B。2.D推理判断题。根据题干关键词code participant submissions into categories可定位到文章第三段第二句“They surveyed several hundred park-goers,asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had wi
24、th nature in the park.（他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，说明他们在公园里与大自然进行的有意义的互动。）”。又由第四段第一句和第六段第一句可知，研究者是要尝试创造一种可用的语言，让人与自然的互动重新回到我们的日常生活中。因此，把参与者提交的描述进行分类的目的是找到他们语言描述中的常用模式。故选D。技巧点拨技巧点拨虽然根据题干可以定位在某个段落，但有时也需要根据文章主线和关键词做出合理推断。3.C推理判断题。第五段的两个例子中均有walking along，但是后面跟的宾语却不同。由此可以推断出相同的自然体验（沿散步）会以不同的形式呈现。故选C。4.
25、B细节理解题。根据题干关键词according to Kahn可定位到文章最后一段的直接引语，再由“we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it”可知B项正确。Passage 3（2022新高考，A）词数228Grading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90100,A;8089,B;7079,C;6069,D;Below 60,E.Essays(60%)Your four major essays will combine to form
26、the main part of the grade for this course:Essay 1=10%;Essay 2=15%;Essay 3=15%;Essay 4=20%.Group Assignments(30%)Students will work in groups to complete four assignments during the course.All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard,our online learning and course ma
27、nagement system.Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework(10%)Class activities will vary from day to day,but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class lecture/discussion,so it is importa
28、nt to take careful notes during class.Additionally,from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home,both of which will be graded.Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it
29、is late.If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zero.Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero.Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.Passage 3（2022新高考新高考，A）词数）词数228A Grading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureG
30、rading Scale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below 60,E.Essays(60%)Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course:Essay 1=10%;Essay 2-15%;Essay 3=15%;Essay 4=20%.Group Assignments(30%)Students will work in groups to complete four assignments(作业)during the cour
31、se.All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard,our online learning and course management system.Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Test/Group Work/Homework(10%)n Class activities will vary from day to day,but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings
32、or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class lecture/discussion,so it is important to take careful notes during class.Additionally,from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home,both of which will be
33、 graded.Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zero.Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero.Short writings missed as a result of an
34、 excused absence will be accepted.21.Where is this text probably taken from?A.A textbook.B.An exam paper.C.A course plan.D.An academic article.22.How many parts is a students final grade made up of?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.23.What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?A.Y
35、ou will receive a zero.B.You will lose a letter grade.C.You will be given a test.D.You will have to rewrite it.Essays(60%)+Group Assignments(30%)+Daily Work.(10%)If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zero.词 汇 复 习 1.grading scale2.submit the assignment3.assigned date
36、4.vary from.to.5.from time to time 6.due date7.turn in分级量表，评价等级提交作业指定日期因.而异有时，偶尔截止日期，到期日上交passage 4 B Like most of us,I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.The arugula(芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad,rounding out a roast chicken dinner.But I ended up working late.Then friends called with
37、 a dinner invitation.I stuck the chicken in the freezer.But as days passed,the arugula went bad.Even worse,I had unthinkingly bought way too much;I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry,“food waste goes against the moral grain,”a
38、s Elizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story.Its jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away-from“ugly”(but quite eatable)vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,an
39、d other resources used to grow it.That makes food waste an environmental problem.In fact,Royte writes,“if food waste were a country,it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”If thats hard to understand,lets keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerato
40、r.Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time-but for him,its more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days.Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington.D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by ta
41、king donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的)produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.And the strawberries?Volunteers will wash,cut,and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious,yer so often we just dont think.“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,wh
42、ether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat.”Curtin says.24.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A.We pay little attention to food waste.B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
43、C.We waste more vegetables than meat.D.We have good reasons for wasting food.25.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text?A.Moral decline.B.Environmental harm.C.Energy shortage.D.Worldwide starvation.26.What does Curtins company do?A.It produces kitchen equipment.B.It turns rotten ar
44、ugula into clean fuel.C.It helps local farmers grow fruits.D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.27.What does Curtin suggest people do?A.Buy only what is needed.B.Reduce food consumption.C.Go shopping once a week.D.Eat in restaurants less often.我们有时会无意中浪费食物。Para 3:Producing food that no one eats was
45、tes the water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.That makes food waste an environmental problem.Para 4:Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington.D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.最后一段:Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food
46、than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eatpassage5 D 1 As we age,even if were healthy,the heart just isnt as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be.In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s.And among peopl
47、e who dont exercise,the changes can start even sooner.2 “Think of a rubber band.In the beginning,it is flexible,but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,”says Dr.Ben Levine,a heart specialist at the University of Texas.Thats what happens to the heart.Fortunately f
48、or those in midlife,Levine is finding that even if you havent been an enthusiastic exerciser,getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.3 Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy.Participants were randoml
49、y divided into two groups.The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic(无氧)exercisebalance training and weight trainingthree times a week.The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.After two years,the second group saw r
50、emarkable improvements in heart health.4“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,”says Levine.“And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump(泵送)a lot more blood during exercise.”But the he
