1、高考英语真题熟词生义1.address【熟义】n.地址，住址，（互联网等的）地址；演说；演讲【生义】 v.称呼；发表演说；提出；写地址；处理；向.说话1.The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society addressed the opening ceremony.（2022.全国乙卷）中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。.2.The government is taking steps to address the issue of climate change.政府正在采取措施解决气候变化问题。3.The Coalition for th
2、e Homeless is an organization that seeks to address the needs of the homeless population in the United States.无家可归者联盟是一个组织，旨在解决美国无家可归人口的需求。4.The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name.(2014.浙江卷）瑞士人通常比较正式，习惯以姓氏来称呼彼此。5.tonights televised presidential address今晚总统的电视演讲6.In a letter
3、addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue (2011.上海卷）在一封致函司法部长肯克拉克的信中，40名考古学家表达了他们对该问题的“深深和广泛的担忧”。2.admit【熟义】vt.承认【生义】vt.准许进入；接纳；容纳；容许1.They honestly admit, however, that they hardly know a thing when it comes to und
4、erstanding how a piece of music is made.（2007.全国II卷）然而，他们坦诚地承认，当涉及到理解一段音乐是如何创作出来的，他们几乎一无所知。2.When StAugustine admitted his inability to define time， he highlighted one of time s most noticeable qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context （2021.北京卷）当圣奥古斯丁承认他无法定义时间时，他突出了时间最显著的一种特性：时间只在
5、明确定义的上下文中才有意义。3.It was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892.（2012.湖北卷）它非常受欢迎，以至于在1892年圣安德鲁斯大学允许女性成为全日制学生后，它依然长期存在。3.against【熟义】prep.反对；逆着；倚靠着【生义】 prep.衬托；以.为背景；以防；和.相比1.For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accom
6、panied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety.（2020.北京卷）例如，研究人员发现，在伴随强烈情绪的危机情况下，如自然灾害，积极思考可以提供一种抵御抑郁和焦虑的缓冲。2.As in many university classes,term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheatin
7、g.（2013.广东卷）就像许多大学课程一样，学期论文会被对照一些大型互联网数据库进行扫描，以检查是否存在作弊行为。3.However,this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care.（2012.福建卷）然而，这必须与我们对所有城市孩子负有的最大照顾责任的利益进行权衡。4.air【熟义】n.空气；天空【生义】v.发表（意见等）；使通风，使通气 n.感觉；印象；神态1.The issues were openly aired and
8、 discussed by the group.这些问题被公开提出并在小组进行了讨论。2The rooms had all been cleaned and aired.所有的房间都已打扫干净并且通了风。3.There was an air of complete confidence about her.她显得信心十足。4.Our travel plans are still up in the air.我们的旅行计划尚未决定。5.allow【熟义】vt.允许；准许【生义】vi.容许（+of); 考虑到，顾及（for) vt.预留，留出；使.成为可能1.Basic Math starts f
9、rom the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones,so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students.（2012.北京卷）Basic Math从相对容易的概念开始，逐渐过渡到更困难的部分，以便让学生稳步且确实地理解这些内容。2.Hod Lipson,a professor at Columbia University,said,“Food printing could a
10、llow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content,like vitamins.(2018.天津卷）哥伦比亚大学的教授霍德利普森说，“食品打印可能使消费者打印出含有定制营养成分的食物成为可能，比如维生素。”3.Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections a
11、nd allow them to be hunted.（2023.全国甲卷）他们的恢复已经非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物服务部已经两次尝试将灰熊从保护名单中移除，这将会放松法律保护并允许人们狩猎它们。4.Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains(2011.上海卷）在2008年之前
12、，相关指导原则允许对足够古老且具有历史兴趣的骨骼进行适当的保存和研究，而1857年的埋葬法则适用于较近期的遗骸。5.Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu,allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.（2020全国乙卷）餐厅可以在菜单的各种食物选择中提供音乐选择，让顾客更能掌控他们就餐的气氛。6.Nanxiang aside, the best Xia
13、o long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.除了Nanxiang外，最好的小笼包有着细薄的皮，可以在不撕破或溢出任何内馅的情况下从蒸笼中提起。6.read 【熟义】vt.读，朗读，阅读【生义】vt.看懂，理解；显示，上面写着1.In Simons case, the grades were awfully low.He couldnt read his own handwrit
14、ing.（2014.浙江卷）在Simon的案例中，他的成绩非常低。他甚至无法阅读自己的笔迹。2.Over the weekend, he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house.One card from a student stood out to him.It read: “Mr.Haze, you are my sunshine.（2019.天津卷）在周末，他在家里处理了一堆手工卡片。一张来自学生的卡片引起了他的注意。上面写着： “哈泽先生，你是我的阳光。”3.“If were successful,” their
15、mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.” （2020.北京卷）“如果我们成功了,” 他们的使命宣言如此阐述，“我们相信这将成为有史以来最重要且影响最广泛的科学进步之一。”7.regard 【熟义】vt.把.看作【生义】vt.认为，看作；注视 n.尊敬,敬佩; 关注，关心 pl. 致意，问候1.Their response to the questions reflected th
16、eir true belief that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply insist on mutual (相互的) recognition and regard.(2022.全国乙卷）他们对问题的回应反映出他们真实的信念：“只有你能看见我，我才能看见你。”他们只是坚持相互的认可和尊重。2.During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard
17、 for what was considered practical or possible for black females.（2011.上海卷）在我童年和青少年时期，姑姑默特尔鼓励我发展我所有的潜力，而不顾对黑人女性来说被认为是实际或可能的事情。3.My husband sends his regards.我丈夫向你问好。4.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would h
18、ave had in separate cities.（2016.全国新课标I卷）那是四年前的事了。如今，所有三代人都认为这次搬迁是成功的，使他们的关系比在不同的城市里会更加亲近。 8.respect 【熟义】vt.&n.尊敬；尊重【生义】n.敬意，问候；方面1.Each writing in her own unmistakable voice,Perri and Sheila take turns exploring the joys and pains,the love and bitterness,the minor troubles and lasting respect that
19、have always bonded them together.（2013.湖北卷）佩里和希拉用各自无可错认的声音轮流探索那些快乐和痛苦，爱与痛苦，小麻烦和持久的尊重，这些都是他们始终紧密相连的原因。2.According to Para.2, in what respect（s） do UneeQs digital humans resemble human beings? （2021.天津卷）根据第二段，优尼克的“数字人类”在哪些方面与人类相似？3.In some respects, todays powerful computing machines already make our
20、brains look weak.A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems.（2020.北京卷）在某些方面，今天的强大计算机已经使我们的大脑看起来弱小。其倡导者表示，一台通用智能（GI）可以全天候为我们工作，并利用所有可用数据，可以提出解决许多问题的方案。9.save【熟义】vt.挽救；节省【生义】vt.免除，避免；保存，保留；收集1.Yet, by learnin
21、g to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled（弄皱）paper.Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungleas part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.（2022.全国新高考II卷）然而，通过学会接受不完美，你将省去自己许多烦恼，也不会有一篮子弄皱的废纸。把你的初稿想象成从丛林中开辟出来的一条小径这是一次探
22、索的一部分，而不是一条完整的高速公路。2.Be sure to make a list of all of her medicines and what times she takes them.Having all this information in one place could end up saving your mothers life, Dr.Marie Savard said.（2013.全国新课标II卷）一定要列出她所有的药物以及她服用它们的时间。将所有这些信息放在一起可能最终会挽救你母亲的生命， Marie Savard博士说。3.Governments can full
23、y develop the potential of these new markets.First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy.（2011.广东A卷）政府可以充分发挥这些新市场的潜力。首先，他们可以设定高标准的减少碳排放目标和节能回收能源的目标。10.sense 【熟义】n.感觉官能(即视觉、嗅觉、听觉、触觉、味觉)【生义】n.意义；感觉，意识；意识，观念 vt.感觉，察觉，意识到1.The tiny shops
24、made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr,a founder of LoveFone.He said that one of the boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about $400 to rent.根据LoveFone的创始人Robert Kerr的说法，这些小商店在经济上是有意义的。他说，其中一个盒子每月产生大约13,500美元的收入，而租金只需大约400美元。(2020.江苏卷）2.More than jokes, a sense of h
25、umour requires being willing and able to see the funny side of lifes situations as they happen.(2011.陕西卷）幽默感不仅仅需要笑话，还需要愿意并能够在生活中看到事情发生时的有趣一面。3.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.（20
26、23.全国新课标I卷）在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。4.In one sense, thats a good thingBut it also has a disadvantageIf you continue to invest in your old friends even though you can no longer see then, then certainly you arent using your time to make new friends where you now live （2011.福建卷）在某种意
27、义上，这是一件好事。但它也有一个缺点。如果你继续投资于你的老朋友，尽管你再也看不到他们，那么你肯定没有用你的时间在你现在居住的地方结交新朋友。 5.There are several reasons for this phenomenon,but chief among them,I believe,was the patients sense that he or she was being truly listened to,often for the first time in years,and for some,perhaps for the first time ever.（201
28、3.江西卷）这个现象有几个原因，但我认为最主要的原因是患者感到他或她被真正倾听，对于一些人来说，这可能是多年来甚至是有史以来的第一次。6.Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because “children with good academic success do have involved parents”,admitted Robinson.（2015 .陕西卷）常识告诉我们，父母的参与是一件好事，因为“学业成功的孩子的父母确实参与进来了”，罗宾逊承认。7.My arm could
29、not move,and I sensed that my bones were going to break.（2014.北京卷）我的手臂不能动，我感觉到我的骨头要断了。11.spring【熟义】n.春天【生义】 n.泉水，喷泉；弹簧 vi.跳跃，跳起1The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.（2021.新高考I卷)在爬山之后，你一定要试试山脚下的温泉。2.He turned off the alarm and sprang out of bed.他关上闹钟，从床
30、上跳了下来。3.There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England.More new chat benches have sprung up across the UK and beyond.(2020.全国乙卷）现在英格兰有超过40个聊天长凳。更多的新聊天长凳已经在英国及其他地方涌现出来。12.stand【熟义】vt.站立；坐落；忍受【生义】vt.承受；请客；使直立 n.立场，主张；架，台，摊1.With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a s
31、tand with young farmers.（2018.江苏卷）随着新的农业法案将在国会进行辩论，消费者必须与年轻农民站在一起。2.If youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get one for me? （2012 辽宁卷）如果你今天在报摊上买报纸，能帮我也买一份吗？3.What best proves Twains anti-slavery stand according to the author? （2013.江苏卷）根据作者的说法，什么最能证明吐温反对奴隶制的立场？ 4.Normally, greyhounds
32、can be as tall as 90 cm.There is, however, a small-sized greyhound, which stands only 33 cm.（2006.全国I卷）通常，灰狗可以高达90厘米。然而，有一种小型的灰狗，只有33厘米高。5.One card from a student stood out to him.It read:“Mr.Haze, you are my sunshine.”（2019.天津卷）一张来自学生的卡片引起了他的注意。上面写着：“哈泽先生，你是我的阳光。”6.These words, which I have just ma
33、de up, have to stand for things and ideas that we simply cant think of.（2000.全国卷）这些我刚刚编造的词，代表的是我们简单无法想象的事物和观念。13.state【熟义】vt.陈述 n.状态【生义】vt.声明；规定n.国家；州；政府1.Lets state clearly: Einstein was a genius.His face is almost the international symbol for genius.（2021.全国甲卷）让我们明确地说：爱因斯坦是个天才。他的面孔几乎是天才的国际象征。2.On
34、September 11,1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence,“Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However,on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.（2017.北京卷）1933
35、年9月11日，著名物理学家欧内斯特卢瑟福自信地声明：“任何期望通过这些原子的转变来获得能源的人都在说梦话。”然而，就在1933年9月12日，物理学家列奥西拉德发明了中子诱导的核链反应。3.For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium we
36、bsites.（2021.全国乙卷）对于世界上最大的体育场，我们到目前为止使用的是世界地图列表提供的数据，这些数据根据他们声明的永久容量对他们进行排名，以及官方体育场网站的最新信息。4.You must arrive at the time stated.你必须在规定时间到达。5.We need something on the books that can change peoples behavior,” said Flix W.Ortiz, who pushed for the states 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers.（2022.全
37、国新高考II卷）“我们需要一些能改变人们行为的法规，”费利克斯W奥尔蒂斯说，他推动了该州2001年禁止驾驶员使用手持设备的法令。6.So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.(2023.全国甲卷）我们许多人都坚信，舒适是我们唯一可以容忍的状态，当我们经历超出
38、舒适区的事情时，我们对环境感到不耐烦。14.strike【熟义】打，击打，打击；打动 n.罢工【生义】vt.使.突然想到；（疾病、地震、洪水等）侵袭，袭击；（钟）敲响，报（时）；擦，划（火柴） (2012.全国课标卷）1.It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.总统能做什么来结束罢工，这一点并不清楚。2.According to the designer,the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed,so as not to cause ha
39、rm to the pedestrians.Besides,it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.（2013.山东卷）据设计师称，Lampbrella将以相对较低的速度移动，以免对行人造成伤害。此外，它将被接地，以防可能的雷击。3.His comment struck me as strange.After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout（布局）.(2021.全国乙卷）他的评论让我觉得很奇怪。毕竟，联合办公空间通常
40、也使用开放式办公布局。4.Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.（2016.全国III卷）就在九月份之前，米勒被一辆汽车撞到，失去了他的右臂。 5.The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that inde
41、pendent contractors can be on call.（2021.全国新高考I卷）法国人非常重视他们的35小时工作周如此重视，以至于一些工会最近与一些公司达成了一项协议，限制独立承包商待命的小时数。6.I am not special, just single-mindedIt always struck me that when youre looking at a big challenge from the outside it looks huge, but when youre in the midst of it, it just seems normal （201
42、1.天津卷）我并不特别，只是一心一意。我总是觉得，当你从外面看一个大挑战时，它看起来很巨大，但当你处在其中时，它就显得很正常。15.succeed【熟义】成功【生义】继承；接替；继.之后1.We,however,with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area,have turned happiness into one more thing weve got to have.Were so self-conscious about our “right” to it that its making us miser
43、able.（2013.天津卷）然而，我们有如此多的选择和在每个领域成功的压力，已经把幸福变成了我们必须拥有的又一件事。我们对我们对它的“权利”如此自觉，以至于它让我们痛苦不堪。2.Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has.There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.We experience this tiredness in two ways:as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue.(20
44、16.天津卷）失败可能是一个人经历过的最累人的经验。没有什么比不成功更累人的了。我们以两种方式经历这种疲劳：创业疲劳和表现疲劳。3.The present ruler, Prince Rainier III, succeeded to the throne on 9 May 1949.现任元首，兰尼埃三世亲王于 1949 年 5 月 9 日继位。16.attend【熟义】vt.出席，参加【生义】 vi.照应，照料；处理，料理（+to）1.What should you do if you want to attend the taster session of Jodies fitness c
45、lasses? （2021.新高考II卷）如果你想参加Jodie的健身课试听课程，你应该怎么做？2.Please excuse me.I must attend to some business.请原谅，我必须处理一些事情。3.The hotel staff attended to my every need.宾馆员工对我照顾得无微不至。17.charge【熟义】n.费用;冲锋 vt.收费，索价；指控【生义】vt.充电；装（满）；攻击；猛冲v.1.They always charge a lot for the service.(2011.安徽卷）他们总是对这项服务收费很高。2.Far fro
46、m charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay,in effect,by handing over yet more data).（2017.江苏卷）这些服务远非向消费者收取高昂的价格，实际上许多服务是免费的（用户实际上是通过交出更多的数据来支付的）。3.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to
47、 avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.(2018.新课标III卷）当雄性猩猩拍打胸膛并向我冲过来时，噪声震动了树木。我迅速低下身子，避开直视他的眼睛，以免让他感到被挑衅。4.Before use, the battery must be charged.电池使用前必须充电。n.1.Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers efforts to avoid the charge, ac
48、cording to Treasury figures.（2022.全国乙卷）根据财政部的数据，由于制造商努力避免这项费用，现在的饮料中糖的含量已经减少了4500万公斤。2.Theres an apparent laziness that surrounds you here.Its what this place offers, and its free of charge.The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down.（ 2014.湖北卷）这里似乎有一种明显的懒散气息环绕着你。这就是这个地方所提供的，而且是免费的。拍打海岸线的小浪似乎让一切都放慢了节奏。3.Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows
