1、 动词不定式动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式是动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词动词原形原形“,有时可以不带有时可以不带to.动词不定式动词不定式没有人称和数的变化没有人称和数的变化,在句中可以作在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。语和状语。1.1.用作主语用作主语 To be an actor is my dream.2.To go abroad is his dream.3.To say is easy,to do is difficult.(这时可将其用形式主语这时可将其用形式主语it来替换来替换)It is my dream to be
2、 an actor.It is his dream to go abroad.It is easy to say,it is difficult to do.注意 不定式作主语，整个结构看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。不定式作主语，为了保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，to do 结构放句末做真正主语。句子结构为：It+be+形容词+（for/of sb)+to do sth.It+be+形容词+for sb+to do sth.若形容词是描述事物的性质，用for sb.这类形容词有：difficult,easy,important,dangerous,possible等。例：对我们来说，完
3、成这项工作很困难。It is difficult for us to finish the work.对他来说，说英语很简单。It+be+形容词+of sb+to do sth.若形容词是描述人的性格品质的，用of sb.这类形容词有：kind,nice,good,clever,careless,polite等。例：你真聪明，计算出这道 数学题。It is clever of you to work out the math problem.你帮我真是太好了。链接中考（2015，石家庄裕华区一模）I think it difficult _ a car in the street.A driv
4、es B driving C to drive D drive（2015，丹东）It is difficult for me _ the work in such a short time.A finish B finishing C finished D to finish2.用作表语用作表语His work is to feed the animals.Her job is to look after the kids.My wish is to be a scientist.3.用作宾语用作宾语 (v.+to do)I want to buy a computer.She hopes t
5、o find a better job.I wish to go with you.need to do learn to do agree to do plan to do decide to do refuse to dobegin to do start to do try to doforget to do remember to do like to doStop to do链接中考（2014，河北）Dont forget _ thanks when other people help you.A accept B to accept C say D to say解析：考查不定式作宾
6、语的用法。Forget to do sth忘记要做某事链接中考(2013,河北）The children decide _ this school yard this Friday afternoon.A clean B to clean C cleaning D cleaned解析：考查不定式作宾语，decide to do sth 决定做某事4.用作状语用作状语(adverbial)：He came to show me his new CD player.I went there to see my teacher.She came back to get her English boo
7、k.The boy was too young to look after himself.表目的表结果链接中考（2012，河北）a book in the library,enter a key word into the computer.A To find B Find C To write D Write解析：句子意思是“为了在图书馆找到一本书，需要在电脑上输入一个关键词”。考查不定式表示目的状语5.用作宾语补足语：用作宾语补足语：(v.+sb.+to do)She asked me to help her.The teacher told him to come on time.Ed
8、isons mother taught him to read and write.want sb.to do wish sb.to do allow sb.to do order sb.to do like sb.to do would like sb.to do作宾语补足语不带作宾语补足语不带to 的情况：的情况：Let me do it.I saw him cross the street.常见动词有：常见动词有：使役动词使役动词:let,make,have感官动词感官动词:see,watch,hear,feel,listen to比较：比较：I heard her singing in
9、 the next room.I heard her sing in the next room.Give me something to drink.I have two books to read.They have much food to eat.He asked for a room to live in.I dont have a pen to write with.He bought a toy to play with.6.用作定语用作定语 (这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是不及物动词。若是不及物动词,介词不能省略介词不能省略)链接中考（201
10、1，河北）Whenever you have a chance _ English,you should take it.A speak B to speak C spoke D speaks解析：考查动词不定式作定语的用法。to speak English 作chance的定语。1.我有许多书要看。我有许多书要看。2.她有几个问题要问。她有几个问题要问。3.他有一台电脑他有一台电脑要卖要卖。I have many books to read.She has a few questions to ask.He has a computer to sell.练习7.疑问词疑问词who,what,
11、which,where,when,how 加加to do可构成不定式短语可构成不定式短语,在句中可用作主在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。When to start has not been decided.(主语主语)I dont know what to do.(宾语宾语)He can tell you where to get the book.(宾语补足语宾语补足语)The question is who to ask.(表语表语)链接中考（2015，河北）-It is important for us to know_ all the subj
12、ects.-Yeah,group work is my favorite.A how to study B when to study C which to study D what to study 解析：考查疑问词+to do 结构。非谓语动词非谓语动词(动词不定式和动词动词不定式和动词-ing形式形式)中考考查重点讲解中考考查重点讲解e.g.1.He has promised to behave better later.2.The boy decided not to become a sailor.3.I hope to go to college.promise,decide,ho
13、pe,agree,choose,fail,wish,learn+to do sth.I.4.He agreed to help us.5.She chose to study chemistry.6.He failed to persuade him.7.Do you wish to eat alone?enjoy,finish,keep,mind suggest,cant helpe.g.1.他对听音乐总是兴致勃勃。他对听音乐总是兴致勃勃。He always enjoys listening to music.2.我打扫完房间了我打扫完房间了 I have finished cleaning
14、 the room.3.你不能像这样老变主意。你不能像这样老变主意。You shouldnt keep changing your ideas like this.+doing sth.II.4.Would you mind _ with you?5.He suggested _ for a walk.6.I couldnt help _.my cominggoing outcryinglove,hate,forget,remember stop,like,try,mean+to do sth.doing sth.1.Mary loves _.2.I hate to _.3.她忘记寄这封信了。
15、她忘记寄这封信了。She forgot _.reading/to readtrouble/troubling himto post the letterIII.4.我永远忘不了初次寄信的情景。我永远忘不了初次寄信的情景。Ill never forget _ a letter for the first time.5.I remember _ her once.=I remember that I _(see)her once.6.Remember _ me.=I hope youll phone me.postingseeing sawto phone他停下来跟我说话。他停下来跟我说话。He
16、stopped _.他停止讲话他停止讲话 He stopped _.他喜欢游泳。他喜欢游泳。He likes _.我不想打扰你。我不想打扰你。I dont like _.她试着写作文。她试着写作文。She tried _.to talk with metalkingswimmingto disturb youwriting a composition她设法打电话找你。她设法打电话找你。She tried _我本来打算今天给你这本书的我本来打算今天给你这本书的,可是可是我忘了。我忘了。I meant _ today,but I forgot.这意味着浪费时间。这意味着浪费时间。This mean
17、s _ much time.to get you on the phoneto give you this bookwasting IV.ask,tell,get,wish,want,teach,know,understand 1.I asked him _ here early.2.Get him _ a doctor.劝劝他去找医生看看。他去找医生看看。3.Ive known him _ very fast.我听说他跑得比较快。我听说他跑得比较快。4.What did you understand him _?你认为他说的是什么意思呢？你认为他说的是什么意思呢？+sb.to do sth.
18、to cometo seeto runto saymake,have,let,see,watch,hear,feel,notice+sb.do sth.e.g.I cant make the horse go.我无法使这匹马走动。我无法使这匹马走动。I wont have(允许，容许允许，容许)you say such things.我可不许你说这样的话。我可不许你说这样的话。My mother wouldnt let me go to the film.我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。Did you notice him leave the house?你看到他离开房间了
19、吗？你看到他离开房间了吗？I often hear him sing the song.V.sb.+be done+to do sth.e.g He is often heard _ the song.They were made _ day and night.to singto work.be+happy,glad,pleased angry,sorry,luckyslow,quick,careful ready,nice +to do sth.e.g I am sorry to hear that.He is wrong to say so.I was very lucky to get
20、 a copy so cheap.“我这么便宜地买到一本我这么便宜地买到一本,真是真是幸运极了。幸运极了。*quick to learn sth.*学某事学得快学某事学得快Be careful not to fall off the ladder.当心别从梯子上掉下来。当心别从梯子上掉下来。He is ready to help.愿意帮忙愿意帮忙.e.g.I found it very important to learn English well.=I found that _ _ very important to learn English well.I feel it my duty
21、to do so.=I feel that _ _ my duty to do so.think,make,find,feel+it+adj./n+to do sth.it wasit isIts+(for+sb.)+to do sth.Its+difficult,hard,easy,possible,impossibleimportant,+(of+sb.)+to do sth.clever,wise,kind,good,right,nicewrong,bad,cruel silly,stupid,foolish careful,careless.e.g It is hard _ you t
22、o do it well.=For you to do it well is hard.It is kind _ you to help me.=You are kind to help me.forof Its clever _ him to say so.It is impossible _ you to finish it.It was wrong _ you to tell a lie.It was careless _ you to make so many mistakes in the exam.It is silly _ her to do such a thing.It is
23、 important _ you to learn English well.offorof of of fore.g.e.g They had no room to live _.The pen is very good to write _.The chair is nice to sit _.what/where/when/how/why+to do sth.e.g.How to do it is still a question.Have you decided when to hold the party?in withon.Exercises1.-Youve done very w
24、ell this time.-Its really kind _.A.for you to say so B.for you saying soC.of you to say so D.of you saying so2.It is better to lose ones life than _.A.if you lose your spiritB.losing his spiritC.to lose ones spiritD.your spirit getting lostCC3.I cant work in this way.-Why not _ it in some other way?
25、A.try to doB.try doingC.trying to doD.trying doing4.Since you find it difficult _ a decision,youd better a discussion(讨论讨论)with your parents.A.reach;haveB.reaching;haveC.reach;havingD.to reach;haveBD5.My father hates(痛恨痛恨)_.He never allows me _.A.to smoke;to smokeB.smoking;smokingC.smoke;smokingD.sm
26、oking;to smoke6.The girl was beginning _.A.get angry B.to get angryC.getting angry D.angryDB7.There isnt any difference between the two.I really dont know _.A.where to chooseB.which to chooseC.what to choose D.to choose which8.The bag is too heavy for me _.A.to carry itB.not to carry itC.to carryD.n
27、ot to carry9.The teacher will teach him _.A.to useB.use itC.how to use itD.usesBCC找出句子中的不定式找出句子中的不定式,并说出作用：并说出作用：1.It takes you ten minutes to get there.2.I hope to see him soon.3.His wish is to become an artist.4.People eat to live,but not live to eat.状语状语表语表语宾语宾语主语主语5.I have a lot to tell you.6.It
28、s not right to be always thinking of oneself.7.We often see him play football.定语定语主语主语宾语补足语宾语补足语1.跳舞非常有趣。跳舞非常有趣。2.种些植物是非常有必要的。种些植物是非常有必要的。To dance is a lot of fun.It is a lot of fun to dance.To grow plants is very important.3.说英语对我来说并不容易。说英语对我来说并不容易。4.听到你的声音真高兴。听到你的声音真高兴。To hear your voice is so nic
29、e.It is so nice to hear your voice.To speak English is not easy for me.1.我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。2.最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿。最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿。3.我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。My work is to clean the room every day.The best plan is to leave at once.My dream is to be a scientist.1.他想借用我的录音机。他想借用我的录音机。2.他们开始读和写。他们
30、开始读和写。3.李琳喜欢玩什么？她喜欢踢足球。李琳喜欢玩什么？她喜欢踢足球。4.你长大了想做什么？你长大了想做什么？He wants to borrow my radio.They began to read and write.What sports does Li Lin like to play?She likes to play soccer.What do you want to be when you grow up?5.他是一个值得信赖的人。他是一个值得信赖的人。6.爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。7.他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。他那生病母亲最多可活三个月
31、。He is a man to believe in.Edison was the first man to invent the lights.His sick mother has three months to live at most.They looked for him everywhere and found him _ under the tree.a.liesb.lyingc.layd.lain考点考点:see/hear/find/watch sb.do sth.(看见某人做了某事）看见某人做了某事）See/hear/find/watch sb.doing sth.(看见某人
32、正在做某事看见某人正在做某事)bI saw him _ the supermarket just now.a.enteredb.enteringc.enter d.to enterThe girl who sold matches was found _ the next morning.a.die b.dying c.died d.deadcd-Do you remember _ me somewhere in Hangzhou?-Yes.I think thats 2 years ago.a.see b.seeing c.to see d.sawbforget/remember to do
33、 sth.forget/remember doing sth.stop/go on to do sthstop/go on doing sthThe scientist stopped _ to me though he was busy.a.talking b.to talkc.to have talk d.having talkbThe more you think about it,the more questions you will think of _.a.ask b.asked c.asking d.to ask考点考点:to do 表示目的表示目的The doctor did what he could _ that child.a.save b.to save c.saved d.savingdb56写在最后写在最后成功的基础在于好的学习习惯成功的基础在于好的学习习惯The foundation of success lies in good habits 结束语当你尽了自己的最大努力时，失败也是伟大的，所以不要放弃，坚持就是正确的。When You Do Your Best,Failure Is Great,So DonT Give Up,Stick To The End演讲人：XXXXXX 时 间：XX年XX月XX日
