1、Section Reading and Thinking重点词汇讲解Point1 vary用法详解vary vi.变化,不同,相异vt.改变,使不同同change,alter。常见搭配:vary from 不同于vary with随变化而变化vary fromto 从到有所变化vary betweenand 在和之间变化vary in sth.(大小、形状等)不同;有别Her mood varies with the weather.她的情绪随天气变化而变化。Class numbers vary from 25 to 30.班级的数目从25到30不等。归纳拓展(1)various adj. 各
2、种各样的;有差异的(2)variety n. 种种;多样化a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的available in various colours各种颜色的应有尽有经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)As in China,the climate in Canada(vary)depending on the area.(2)As in China,the climate in Canada variesthe area.(3)In the botanical garden we can find(vary)plants that range from tall tre
3、es to small flowers.2.根据汉语意思完成句子(1)男人与女人之间,富人与穷人之间,他们的希望、目标、恐惧与渴望有很大的区别。(vary)The hopes,goals,fears and desires men and women,between the rich and the poor.(2)我非常喜欢读书,尤其是小说,无论是中文的还是英文的。(分词做状语)I like reading very much,especially the story books,.参考答案1.(1)varies(2)withvary with随变化而变化。(3)various修饰名词pla
4、nts用形容词。2.(1)vary widely between(2)varying from Chinese stories to English storiesPoint2 appropriate用法详解appropriate adj.合适的;恰当的。常见搭配:be appropriate to/for适用于;合乎be appropriate to do sth.做某事是合适的be appropriate that sb.(should)do某人做是合适的归纳拓展appropriately adv.适当地;合适地inappropriate adj.不适当的,不合适的Match the be
5、ginning of each sentence with the appropriate ending.把每个句子的开头和适当的结尾搭配起来。It is not appropriate to ask such personal questions in an interview.在采访中问这样的私人问题是不合适的。经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)It is not appropriate(leave) your friend who is in trouble at this point.(2)Before you turn up in any social occasions,you oug
6、ht to make sure you are(appropriate)dressed.2.根据汉语意思完成句子在像这样的正式聚会上穿牛仔裤是不合适的。Jeans are a formal party like this.参考答案1.(1)to leave(2)appropriately2.not appropriate to/forPoint3 approve用法详解(1)vt.批准;通过(计划、要求等)Congress approved the budget.国会通过了该预算案。The city council approved the building plan.市议会批准了这项建筑计划
7、。(2)vi.赞成;同意。常见搭配:approve of sb./sth.赞成或同意某人/某事approve of sbs doing sth同意/赞成某人做某事Do you approve of my idea?你同意我的想法吗?You made a wise decision,and I thoroughly approved of it.你做出了一个明智的决定,我完全赞同。I am afraid your parents wont approve of your marrying him.我恐怕你的父母不赞成你和他结婚。归纳拓展相关词语积累:approval n.赞成,同意;认可(反)d
8、isapprove v.不同意表示“赞成的”词(组)还有agree,be for,in favour of等;表示“反对的”词(组)还有disagree,be against等。He showed his approval by smiling.他用微笑表示赞成。经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)She registered for the 2022 Olympic Games,and finally she received(approve)from the Olympic Committee.(2)The local government has (approve)the new annual
9、 financial plan.(3)I dont approve wasting time.2.一句多译他把自己的计划告诉了朋友们,其中多数人赞同他实施那个计划。(1)He told his plan to his friends, him carrying it out.(定语从句)(2)He told his plan to his friends,and him carrying it out.(并列句)参考答案1.(1)approval句意:她报名参加2022年冬季奥运会,最终获得了奥委会的批准。名词形式做谓语动词received的宾语。(2)approved句意:当地政府已经批准每
10、年的新的财政计划。空前有助动词has,故填过去分词。(3)of句意:我不赞成浪费时间。approve of赞成,赞同。2.(1)most of whom approved of(2)most of them approved ofPoint4 witness用法详解witness vt. 当场见到;目击n.目击者;证人;证据。常见搭配:a witness/witnesses to 的证人/证据witness for作证;为辩护,为作证;出庭witness to doing sth.见证做某事witness that 证明,证实,说明Because of my teachers praise,t
11、he last year witnessed my great progress in my English.由于老师的表扬,过去的一年见证了我在英语方面取得的巨大进步。He is a living witness to atrocities by the Japanese invaders.他是日本侵略者暴行的活着的见证人。Let me,as a witness,tell them what happened so that they will not be wrongly informed.让我这个目击者来告诉他们所发生的事情,免得以讹传讹。经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)His good
12、health is a witness the success of the treatment.(2)The driver witnessed to (see)the man enter the building.2.根据汉语意思完成句子(1)站在那儿,通过望远镜我目睹了一只蓝鲸被它的同伴抛弃。(witness)Standing there,I a blue whale was abandoned by its companions through a telescope.(2)她向警察作了详尽的描述,因为她当时目睹了一切。She was able to give the police a
13、full account since she had been .参考答案1.(1)toa witness to的证据/证人,为固定搭配。(2)having seenwitness to doing sth.见证做某事,to 为介词后接doing。根据句意可知,看见see发生在作证witness之前,故用完成形式。2.(1)witnessed that(2)a witness to itPoint5 employ用法详解employ vt.雇用;利用(时间、精力等)。常见搭配:employ sb.as雇用某人当employ sb.to do sth.雇用某人做某事be employed in
14、doing sth.=employ oneself in doing sth.从事某事,忙于做某事employ a new method 采用新方法You could employ your spare time better.你可以把闲暇时间利用得更好。The manager employed himself in making a future plan for his company.经理忙于为公司制订未来计划。归纳拓展employer n. 雇主employee n.雇员;受雇者employment n. 职业;工作;使用unemployment n.失业(率)辨析比较employ,h
15、ire与rent(1)employ:长时间“雇用”,宾语多是人。employ a security officer 雇用保安(2)hire:短期、临时或一次性“雇用,租用”,宾语是人或物。hire a boat to go fishing租一条船去钓鱼rent:长时间“出租;租用”,宾语是房屋、土地等。rent a house from sb.租某人的房子They employ casual labor to pick the fruit.他们雇用临时工摘水果。She was hired three years ago.她是三年前被录用的。She rents a house with thre
16、e other girls.她和另外3个女孩合租了一套房子。经典例题单句语法填空(1)A number of people have been employed (deal) with the work.(2)It requires no training before (employ).(3)The University of Adelaide a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals.(4)The (employ)of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where
17、 his (employ)enjoy their work.(5)Favorable policies are in effect to encourage (employ) professional development.参考答案(1)to deal句意:已雇用一些人来处理这项工作。employ sb. to do sth.为固定搭配,故用动词不定式形式。(2)employment句意:它在就业前不需要任何培训。介词后用名词形式。(3)employs句意:阿德莱德大学雇用了全职的消防专业人员。主语为单数形式,故谓语用第三人称单数形式。(4)employer;employees句意:这家公司
18、的老板正试图创造一种轻松的气氛,使他的员工在其中享受他们的工作。(5)employees句意:优惠政策有效地鼓励员工的职业发展。本题考查名词所有格,根据句意可知应用名词复数的所有格形式。Point6 differ用法详解(1)vi.有区别;与相同;不同于。常见搭配:differ in在方面不同differ from与不同His house differs from mine in having no garage.他的房子和我的不同,区别在于没有车库。(2)vi.(人)看法不同;与意见不同。常见搭配:differ with sb.on/over sth.在某事上与某人有不同之处The two
19、sides in the dispute still differ with each other over the question of pay.争执的双方在报酬问题上仍各持己见。归纳拓展differently adv.不同地different adj. 不同的difference n.区别经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)Leaves are found on all kinds of trees,but they differ greatly size and shape.(2)People often give very (differ)accounts of the same even
20、t.2.根据汉语意思完成句子(1)那就是我们的分歧所在。That is .(2)他们的房子完全不同于我们的房子。Their houses completely .参考答案1.(1)in句意:各种各样的树上都可以找到叶子,但是它们在大小及形状上有很大的不同。differ in 意为“在方面不同”。(2)different句意:人们常常对同一件事的叙述大不相同。修饰名词用形容词形式。2.(1)where we differ (2)differ from oursPoint7 favour用法详解favour n.C帮助,恩惠;U支持vt.较喜欢,选择,有利于。常见搭配:do sb.a favour
21、 帮某人的忙ask a favour of sb.请求某人帮忙in favour of 支持,赞成(=be for)in sb.s favour 有利于某人,有助于某人使用favour 构成的短语时需注意其中有无冠词。Could you do me a favour and turn off that light?你能帮我个忙,把那盏灯关掉好吗?Can I ask a favour of you?我可以请你帮个忙吗?Sure,what can I do for you?当然(可以),我能为你做什么呢?I am in favour of going to the movies on weeken
22、ds.我赞成周末去看电影。The delay of the match may be in our favour.比赛推迟或许对我们有利。The vote was 60:59 in his favour.投票结果是60:59,他占优势。Fortune favours those who use their judgement.机遇偏爱善断之人。考向追踪favour是重点单词,高考常在完形填空中考查in favour of 与其他“in+n.+of”结构的短语(如in need of 需要,in search of 寻找,in honour of 为向表示敬意)的辨析。经典例题1.单句写作(1)
23、Could you (帮我)to carry this bag upstairs?(2)The situation is (对我们有利),as everybody can see.2.同义句转换He did her a great favour by giving her some valuable suggestions.He by giving her some valuable suggestions.3.选词填空:in favour of/in honour of/in need of(1)Many universities in China provide scholarships
24、for students financial aid.(2)I am exercise,but its never a good idea to exercise when it is too close to bedtime.(3)In China,the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated every year the great ancient Chinese poet Qu Yuan.参考答案1.(1)do me a favour(2)in our favour2.did a great favour for her3.(1)in need of(2)
25、in favour of(3)in honour ofPoint8 break down用法详解(1)(机器)损坏;破坏;出故障。为不及物动词短语。The car broke down on his way home.在他回家的路上汽车坏了。The machine broke down at this busy hour.正忙的时候机器出了故障。(2)(讨论、谈判等)失败。为不及物动词短语。News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.据新闻报道
26、两国的和谈失败,未达成任何协议。(3)(健康或精神等方面)垮掉;崩溃。为不及物动词短语。His health has broken down because of the pressure of work.由于工作压力,他的身体垮下来了。(4)(化合物等)使分解。为及物动词短语。Food is broken down in the stomach.食物在胃里被分解。归纳拓展break away from脱离(政党);打破(陈规、陋习)break in打断;插嘴;闯入break into闯入break out(战争、火灾等)爆发break up分散;拆散;驱散;(关系等)破裂break off断
27、开;折断经典例题1.判断下列句子中break down的含义(1)The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.(2)Your health will break down if you always stay up late.(3)It was bad luck that my car broke down on the way to Beijing.(4)Plastic bags are difficult to break down.2.用break相关的短语填空(1)The room is in a mess.It must
28、have been .(2)The thief the policemen who were holding him.(3)Jack was in the middle of a funny story when he to answer the telephone.(4)The fire must have after the staff had gone home.(5)The car halfway for no reason.参考答案1.(1)失败(2)垮掉(3)出故障(4)分解2.(1)broken into(2)broke away from(3)broke off(4)broke
29、n out(5)broke downPoint9 anger用法详解(1)n.怒,怒火。常见搭配:in anger生气地,在愤怒中show anger 显示愤怒;生气contain ones anger 抑制某人的怒火hold back ones anger 抑制某人的怒火be filled with anger=be full of anger 充满怒气to ones anger 使某人生气的是control ones anger 强压怒火anger sb.激怒某人Anger seems simple when we are feeling it,but the causes of ange
30、r are various.当我们感到愤怒时,它似乎很简单,但愤怒的原因是多种多样的。(2)v.使发怒;激怒常见搭配:be angered by/at 因而发怒归纳拓展angry adj.生气的;愤怒的angrily adv.愤怒地be angry with/at sb.生某人的气be angry at/about sth.因某事而生气经典例题1.单句写作(1)He was (充满怒火)at the way he had been treated.(2)The most awkward email mistake is usually committed (在愤怒中).(3)The quest
31、ion clearly (激怒了他).2.单句语法填空(1)His sincerity was evident in every word,but Tony refused him anger.(2)The task was so hard,and Steve,(anger)and upset,said he was quitting.参考答案1.(1)filled with anger/full of anger(2)in anger(3)angered him2.(1)withwith anger生气地。(2)angry根据空后的“and upset”可知,此处应与形容词upset并列,故
32、用形容词。Point10 reliable用法详解reliable 为形容词,意为“可依赖的;可靠的”,可用来形容人,也可用来形容物。其反义词为unreliable,意为“不可靠的”。Were looking for someone who is reliable and hard-working.我们正在物色既可靠又勤奋的人。Our information comes from a reliable source.我们的消息来源可靠。My car is not as reliable as it used to be.我的汽车不像过去那样靠得住了。She may forget to come
33、she is not very reliable.她可能忘了来她不太可靠。归纳拓展相关词语积累:rely vi.信赖;依赖;依靠rely on/upon sb./sth.=depend on sb./sth.信赖某人/某物,依靠某人/某物rely on/upon it that=depend on it that(it是形式宾语,that后的宾语从句是真正的宾语。)You may rely on it that she wont be late.你可以放心,她不会迟到的。经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)That young man is honest,cooperative,always the
34、re when you need his help.In short,hes (rely).(2)Though he has shortcomings,he is a person (rely)on.(3)I rely him because he is (rely).(4)The piece of information that you got is (reliable),so youd better find another piece.2.单项选择John is very if he promises to do something, hell do it.A.independentB.confidentC.reliable D.flexible参考答案1.(1)reliable形容词做表语,reliable在此句中意为“可靠的;值得依赖的”。(2)to rely动词不定式做定语。(3)on;reliablerely on sb.相信/信赖某人;第二个空用形容词做表语。(4)unreliable根据后半句可知,前半句的意思是信息不可靠的。2.C句意:约翰非常可靠,他答应的事情就一定会做到。independent 独立的;confident有信心的;reliable 可靠的;flexible灵活的。
