1、选择性必修四 Unit 1 Words and Expressionsfiction n.小说；虚构的事science fiction(informal SciFi)(abbr.SF)科幻小说（或影片等）test out 检验；测试检验；测试The university students will test out the computer program for any bugs.test sb.out试用，试验，考验(某人)My new boss gave me the most difficult clients to deal with.I felt he was really tes
2、ting me out to see if I would cope.try out 试用；试验set out(to do sth.)出发；开始（做某事）turn out 证明是；结果是give out 分发；用完leave out 省略；遗漏incomefeepaymentsavingwage1.E 2.F 3.G 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.H 8.C 收益费用车费付款；报偿薪水奖金存款工钱integrity n.诚实正直；完整；完好They said the greatest virtues in a person were integrity,correctness and hones
3、ty.他们说一个人最重要的美德就是正直、得体和诚实。We have responsibility for maitaining the integrity of the ecosystem.我们有责任维持生态系统的完整。dignity n.庄重；庄严；尊严The real winner in sports are those who know how to persevere and to behave with dignity-whether they win or lose a game.在体育运动上，真正的赢家是那些知道如何坚持和表现得有尊严的人-无论他们在比赛中是赢还是输。请从上面三个
4、词中选词填空：I dont like the job,but the _ is good.The government has decided to increase _ for all civil servants.The lawyer was paid a huge _._ are paid every Friday afternoon.salariespaysalaryWagesp a y s a l a r y w a g eappointment n.约会;预约;委任make an appointment（with sb）keep/break an appointment have
5、and appointment（with sb）I have an appointment with my dentist at 11:30.预约；事先安排时间和地点按时赴约/违背约定与有约appoint vt.&vi.约定;委派;任命appoint sb(as)sth:认命某人为Sam has been appointed as manager of the engineering department.appointed adj.指定的；约定好的；被委任的/appointed time1.She had failed to keep her appointment for third ti
6、mes._2.They congratulated him on his appointment as chairman._ 3.He has taken up an appointment as Professor of Chemistry._1.I have an _(appoint)at the doctors.2.She has an appointment _ her friend,but she have to change it.3.我约好了这周末去做美甲。(appointment,paint)_失约失约 任命任命 职位职位appointmentappointmentwithI
7、have an appointment to paint my nails this weekend.nail n.&vt.He drove in a nail with one stroke of the hammer.【n.钉子】I have tried to discourage him from biting nails.【n.指甲】He nailed boards together to make a box.【vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定】saleswoman n.女售货员；女推销员chairwoman n.女主席；女董事长；女委员长guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的I
8、still feel _(guilt)about words I said to my father when I was a teenager.be guilty of a crime 有罪；犯罪have a guilty conscience 问心有愧a sense of guilt 内疚感guiltysuspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓ladder n.梯子；阶梯suspend vt.悬；挂；吊悬；挂；吊 1.The builders worked on wooden platforms,suspended by ropes from the roof of the building
9、.2.It was very uncomfortable lying on the hospital bed with my legs suspended in the air.暂停；中止；使暂停发挥作用（或使用等）暂停；中止；使暂停发挥作用（或使用等）1.The company has to suspend the space exploration project due to financial problems.2.Talks between the two countries have now been suspended.1.A lamp was suspended from th
10、e ceiling._2.Production has been suspended while safety checks are carried out._ 3.Dave was suspended from school for a week._4.Julie was suspended from her job shortly after the incident._ 悬；挂；吊悬；挂；吊 暂停暂停 /中止中止 被停学被停学 被停职被停职suspend Julie _ from her job shortly after the accident happened.(suspend)T
11、he police officer _ while the complaint was investigated.(suspend)John was given a four-month _ sentence.(suspend)The judge fined the driver and _ his license.(suspend)These events have led to _ of talks.(suspend)was suspendedwas suspendedsuspendedsuspendedsuspensiondismiss vt.让让离开；解散：离开；解散：1.dismis
12、s sb with a wave of the hand2.The class was dismissed early today.常用于被动语态解雇；常用于被动语态解雇；开除开除：1.He was dismissed from his job for incompetence.消除（顾虑等）；消除（顾虑等）；拒绝考虑拒绝考虑：He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic.dismiss vt.开除；解雇；解散；消除；使离开；使退场；使出局 He _ from high school because he was agains
13、t the rules.(dismiss)Every day at 12 oclock the class _.(dismiss)She _ because she let out trade secrets on purpose.(dismiss)The officers had run the risk of _.(dismiss)was dismissedis dismissedwas dismissedbeing dismisseddeclare vt.表明；宣称；公布表明；宣称；公布 declare+that 从句从句:He declares that there will be a
14、n English speech contest in our school this month.declare sth/sb(to be)sth:The area has been declared a national park.declare sth+adj:The chairman declared the ceremony open.declare war on/upon/against.向向宣战宣战They have now declared war on/upon drug dealers in the area.declaration n.声明；宣告Universal Dec
15、laration of Human Rights 世界人权宣言1.The court declared that Browns case should be reviewed._2.Edward declared himself angry and upset._ 3.You must declare all your income on this form._4.Whos the first man to subscribe to the Declaration of Independence?_宣布宣布 声称声称 申报申报独立宣言独立宣言declarewhereas conj.然而；但是；
16、尽管while 强调对比（而：强调对比（而：用以表示对比或相反的情况）He is a worker while I am a doctor.他是工人，我是医生。whereas 强调相反强调相反Some of the studies show positive results,whereas others do not.有一些结果令人满意，然而其它的则不然。presume vt.&vi.假设；假定It is presumed that.据推测.I presumed so.我想是的。weekly adj.每周的 n.周刊Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.Ke
17、ep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.daily adj./adv.每日的/地 n.日报monthly adj.每月的/地 n.月刊yearly adj.adv.每年的/地 on a basis 根据；以的方式（基准）on a daily or weekly basison a regular basis 定期Remember,even world champion athlethes practice their skill on a consistent basis.on the basis of.根据；在.的基础上；基于
18、始终如一的，一贯的；持续的calculate vt.计算；核算；预测Mothers devotion to children can hardly _(calculate).calculate the result/the average mark of the classIt is calculated that.据估算据估算It is roughly calculated that in 1997 alone,about 2.3 million people died of HIV.be calculated1.Im going to calculate how much paint we
19、 need._2.It is roughly calculated that at least 47,000 jobs were lost last year._ 3.It is impossible to calculate what influence he had on her._4.Dee looked at the bill and made some rapid calculations._ 计算计算 据粗略计算据粗略计算估计估计快速计算快速计算calculate Benefit _ on the basis of average weekly earnings.(calculat
20、e)The time when a solar eclipse will occur can _.(calculate)It _ that at least 50,000 jobs were lost last year.(calculate)His political opponents made a _ attack.(calculate)Lets make a check on his _.(calculate)Smith made a quick _:he would never make it in time.(calculate)is calculatedbe calculated
21、was calculatedcalculatedcalculationcalculationgramme(NAmE gram)n.克（重量单位）克（重量单位）flour n.面粉；（谷物磨成的）粉面粉；（谷物磨成的）粉venue n.活动场地（如音乐厅、会场等）活动场地（如音乐厅、会场等）salesman n.售货员；推销员alien n.外星人（生物）；外国人 adj.陌生的；外星的；外国的Jim plays a role of an alien in this film.When I first went to New York,it all felt very alien to me.p
22、ros and cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对advantages and disadvantagesstrengths and weaknessessuperior adj.更好的；占优势的；（在级别或重要性上）更高的superior to 比更好；更胜一筹Your cell phone is superior to mine in quality.superiority n.优势；优越性take over 占上风；取而占上风；取而代之；接管；代之；接管；接手接手Im going to take over the company one day.我总有一天会接管这家公司。Try not
23、to let negative thoughts take over.尽量别受消极的想法左右。Have a rest.Ill take over.你歇会儿，我来替你。In 2001,I took over from him as governing mayor.2001年我接替他担任了主管市长。conflict with 与与冲突或抵触冲突或抵触in conflict with sb.和某人冲突和某人冲突come into conflict with sb.与某人发生冲突与某人发生冲突These results conflict with earlier findings.这些结果与早期的发现
24、相矛盾She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。The article brought her into conflict with the authorities.这篇文章使她与当局造成冲突。labor n.&vi.labored adj.吃力的；费劲的 Labor Day 劳动节 skilled labor 熟练工人 His breathing is becoming more and more _.(labor)She _ ten years o
25、n the book and it finally came out last month.(labor)I will not believe our _ are lost.(labor)laboredlaboredlaborsleatherWax polish preserves wood and leather.“Is your jacket real leather?”vs feathersolar panel 太阳能电池板He assembled a panel of scholars to advise him.他集结了一个学者小组为他出谋划策。The last question f
26、oxed even our panel of experts.最后这个问题甚至把我们的专家小组都难倒了。There are 2.54 centimetres to an inch.一英寸等于2.54厘米。I lost my balance and fell backwards.我没有站稳，仰面摔倒。I punched him on the chin,sending him reeling backwards.我一拳击中他的下巴，打得他向后打了个趔趄。In the movie they take a journey backwards through time.看图说话griphandkerch
27、ieflampfetch vt.拿来；取来；请来：拿来；取来；请来：Run and fetch the doctor.Fetch me my umbrella.=Fetch my umbrella for me.fetch,bring 辨析辨析bring 为“拿来”“带来”，指将人或物拿到说话人所在地或即将要去的地方，强调一个方向的动作。It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.fetch 为“去拿来”，指去取了某物或带上某人，再返回原处，强调动作的一往一返动作的一往一返=go and bring。John threw
28、a ball away and then asked his dog to fetch it for him.fetch vt.去取来；拿来；请来 He _ his map and looked for the castle.(fetch)The whole story sounds very far-_.(fetch)The goal may not too far-_.(fetch)The wife went in and _ the shoes.(fetch)He said something in a low voice,_ the candlesticks.fetchedfetche
29、dfetchedfetchedfetchingturn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是Please turn out the lights when you leave the room.The whole village turned out to welcome the hero.He got his first book published.It turned out(to be)a bestseller.The factory turns out 900 cars a week.turn out+adj./to be./that从句 结果是；证明是It is difficul
30、t to keep up with the rapid pace of change.We encourage all students to work at their own pace.I prefer the relaxed pace of life in the country.He paced his game skilfully.他巧妙地控制着自己的比赛节奏。v.来回踱步；走来走去来回踱步；走来走去 She paced up and down outside the room.她在屋子外面来回走着。Ted paced the floor restlessly.特德焦躁地在屋里走来走
31、去。fall back 后退，撤退，退却后退，撤退，退却fall behind 落后落后fall off 减少；下降减少；下降 fall down 跌倒；掉下；倒塌；失败跌倒；掉下；倒塌；失败fall ill 生病生病fall in love with 爱上爱上All our doubts fell away.我们的一切疑虑都烟消云散。The houses fell away as we left the city.随着我们离城市越来越远，房屋也逐渐在视线中消失了。the division of labour between the sexes 男女分工a fair division of t
32、ime and resources 时间和资源的合理分配 divisions between rich and poor 贫富差异social/class divisions 社会分化；阶级对立the division sign()除号 vi&vt 划分；分割；分配；分开：划分；分割；分配；分开：Household waste can be roughly divided into food waste,non-recyclable waste and recyclable waste.vi&vt（被）除（尽）；把（被）除（尽）；把作除数：作除数：Ten divided by two equa
33、ls five.vt 使产生分歧：使产生分歧：We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite,rather than divide us.1.The current division of labour between workers and management skills will change._2.Hes just been appointed as director of the publishing division._3.My father taught me how to do division
34、when I was six._ 4.There are deep divisions in the party over the proposal._劳动分工劳动分工部门部门除法除法分歧分歧divisionurge v.驱策；驱赶：I urged the elephant deeper into the forest.催促；力劝urge sb to do sthurge+that.(should)do sth:He urged that we(should)take such steps.大力推荐；极力主张 urge sb on:鼓励或激励某人做某事:The manager urged hi
35、s staff on.经理督促职员更加努力.urge n C 强烈的欲望；迫切的需要urge to do sth:Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to eat snack between meals.1.She began urging him towards the front door._2.Police are urging anyone who saw the accident to contact them immediately._3.We urge effective action to
36、be taken immediately._4.He could no longer resist the urge to go and see Amanda._驱赶驱赶催促催促主张主张抑制冲动抑制冲动 maximum adj.最大极限的最大极限的 n.最大量；最大限度minimum adj.最低限度的最低限度的 n.最小值；最小限度explode vi.&vt.爆炸；爆破explode a bomb The firework exploded in his hand.explode with/into anger/laughter 勃然大怒/突然大笑起来Floridas population
37、 exploded after World War.1.A bomb exploded at one of Londons busiest railway stations this morning._ 2.The population has exploded in the last ten years._ 3.He told a joke which made Hank explode with laughter.爆炸爆炸 激增激增 大笑起来大笑起来 explodestun vt.使震惊；使昏迷be stunned by ones beaty 惊叹某人的美丽。She was too stunned to speak.她惊愕得说不出话来。表示“吃惊”的词：astonishing,surprising,shockingmudThe car wheels got stuck in the mud.汽车轮子陷到泥里去了。fling(扔，掷)mud at sb（尤指政治上）故意抹黑，向泼污水，污蔑
