1、专题六连词连词在句中不能单独作句子成分，一般不重读。连词按其性质可分两类：并列连词(Coordinate Conjunctions)和从属连词(Subordinate Conjunctions)。1.表示并列关系的并列连词常见的表示并列关系的并列连词有:and,not only.but also.,as well as,both.and.,neither.nor.,它们用来连接两个并列或对称关系的单词、短语或分句。并列连词（短语）用法例句and“和”，表并列或顺承关系Im going to write good jokes and become a good comedian.我要创作出好的笑
2、话并且成为一个优秀的喜剧演员。bothand既既又又；谓语复数；谓语复数Both you and she are right.你和她都是对的。你和她都是对的。not onlybut also不但而且；谓语就近Not only I but also my parents are his fans.不仅是我，连我的父母都是他的粉丝。Not only I but also my sister enjoys dancing.不仅我喜欢跳舞，我妹妹也喜欢。as well as也，又；用来强调也，又；用来强调as well as前面部分前面部分He plays classical music,as wel
3、l as pop and jazz.他演奏流行音乐和爵士乐，同时也演奏他演奏流行音乐和爵士乐，同时也演奏古典音乐。古典音乐。Paul is a writer as well as a teacher.保罗不仅是一位老师，也是一位作家。保罗不仅是一位老师，也是一位作家。neithernor既不也不；谓语就近He likes his tea neither too hot nor too cold.他喜欢茶不太烫也不太凉。Neither you nor I am from Australia.你和我都不是来自澳大利亚。（2021，荆州）When my son asks about my child
4、hood.I tell him about how pleasant it was to fish in the rivers 68 how healthy people were.(2023,荆州)When he realized that his state was becoming weaker 62 weaker,he felt heartbroken.常见的表示选择关系的并列连词有:or,not.but.,either.or.等。(1)or的用法 or意为“或”,表示一种选择关系。Would you like tea or coffee?你想喝茶还是咖啡?or 用在“祈使句+or.”
5、结构中,其中or在此意为“否则”。Study hard,or you will fail in the exam.努力学习,否则你不会通过这次考试。or用在否定句中代替and表示并列关系。He cant read or write.他既不会读也不会写。(2)not.but.意为“不是而是”,either.or.意为“不是就是;或者或者”,动词与邻近的主语保持一致,即遵循“就近原则”。Not Father but Mother was present at the ceremony.不是父亲而是母亲出席了这一仪式。Either you or he has to go.=Either he or
6、you have to go.不是你就是他得去。常见的表示转折关系的并列连词有while,but,yet等,用来连接两个意思不同甚至相反的单词、短语或分句。I was born in Hefei while I grew up in Changchun.我出生在合肥,然而在长春长大。He wants to go,but his sister wants to stay.他想走,但他妹妹想留下。He worked hard,yet he failed to pass the exam.他学习很努力,然而却没有通过考试。常见的表示因果关系的并列连词有so,for。The boss called m
7、e just now,so I must go to the office at once.老板刚才打电话找我,因此我必须马上去办公室。I must be away for a week,for Ill fix the machine for a factory.我必须离开一周,因为要为一家工厂修机器。for表示原因时，是并列连词；because表示原因时，是从属连词；for不表示直接原因，表明附加或推断的理由，其间用逗号隔开，且for不可置于句首。It hasnt been decided when the sports meeting will be held.运动会什么时候举行还没定。(
8、引导主语从句)I dont know if he will come tomorrow.我不知道他明天是否会来。(引导宾语从句)The problem is that I dont have enough money.问题是我没有足够的钱。(引导表语从句)if一般只用于引导宾语从句，而whether可引导包括宾语从句在内的其他名词性从句。1)连词whether引导的主语从句、表语从句不能用if来替换。Whether he will attend the meeting is uncertain.他是否来参加会议并不确定。2)宾语从句中，whether常与or not搭配，可以说whether
9、or not，而不说if or not。I dont care whether or not she will attend the meeting.她是否来参加会议，我不介意。3)whether可用在介词后，或不定式前，if则不可。She doesnt know whether to get married now or wait.她不知道是现在结婚呢还是等等。4)在某些动词后面(如discuss)只能用whether,不用if。We discussed whether we should go on climbing.我们讨论了是否继续攀登。29.（2020，荆州）Are you goin
10、g camping this weekend?Im not sure _the road to the mountains will be closed because of the heavy rain.A.that B.why C.whether D.which(1)引导时间状语从句的after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if,unless等。(3)引导原因状语从句的because,as,since等。(4)引导目的状语从句的so that,in order that等。(5)引导让步状语从句
11、的though,although,even if等。(6)引导结果状语从句的so that,sothat,suchthat等。(7)引导比较状语从句的than,asas等。这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。1)当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While,when,as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.2)当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。例如：While mother was cooking lunch,I w
12、as doing my homework.3)当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。例如：As children get older,they become more and more interested in things around them.4)当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边一边”时，最常用as。例如：Just as he caught the fly,he gave a loud cry.就在他抓住苍蝇时，他大声喊叫。She looked behind from time to time as she went.她走的时候不时地向后面看。5)当从句的动作先于主句的
13、动作时，通常用when。例如：When he finished his work,he took a short rest.6)当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。例如：When John arrived I was cooking lunch.（2022，荆州，荆州）66 Shennong searched and tested over a long time,he and his men discovered lots of medicinal plants.(2020,荆州荆州)Once there lived an officer,Chen Yaozi.He was
14、 very good 64 shooting arrows（箭）.His shooting skill was 65 good that no one could beat him.He was very proud.(2023,荆州)Could you tell us _ we can start a conversation with a foreigner?-Talking about weather is a common way.A.when B.why C.where D.how Well go for a picnic if it doesnt rain.如果不下雨我们就去野餐。
15、He wont finish the work unless he works hard.如果他不努力，就不能完成这项工作。As long as you work hard,youll succeed.只要你努力工作，你就会成功。从属连词从属连词意义意义用法用法if如果引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。unless除非，如果不可以转化为“ifnot”结构。主从句时态与if用法一致。As long as只要引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。1.so.that结构中的so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词；such.that中的such为形容词，后面接名词(名词前可以有形容
16、词或副词修饰)。It was such a fine day that we went out for a walk.那是一个很晴朗的日子，我们出去散步。He became so angry that he couldnt speak.他变得很生气，以致说不出话来。(1)当that前的名词有表示数量多少的many,much,few,little等修饰时，只能用so，不能用such。There was so much noise outside that we couldnt hear the teacher.外面嘈杂声很大，以致我们不能听到老师的话。若名词前的little解释为“小(的)”意思
17、时，则仍用such,而不能用so。It is such a little sheep that it cant run fast.它是一只小绵羊，它不能够跑得快。(2)当that前是单数可数名词且该名词前面有形容词修饰时，so与such可以互换，即：soadj.a/ann.sucha/anadj.n.。She is so good a teacher that we all love her.She is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一位好老师，我们都爱她。(3)当that前是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，则必须用such，不能用so来代
18、替。It was such fine weather that they all went swimming.那是个好天气，他们都去游泳了。2.so that引导目的状语从句，其从句中的谓语动词通常和can,may,should等情态动词连用，而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号，意为“以便，为了，使能够”。They got up early so that they could catch the early bus.为了能赶上早班车，他们早早就起床了。Say slowly so that I can understand you.说慢点，好让我听明白。3.so that句型也可以用来引导结果状语从
19、句，意为“因此，结果”，这时其从句中的谓语动词不与情态动词连用。这种结构和sothat引导的结果在含义上有很大的区别。so that句型所表示的结果往往同主句有因果关系，而sothat句型所表示的结果往往表明so后面形容词或副词和程度。请比较：He didnt plan his time well,so that he didnt finish his work in time.他没有把时间计划好，结果没有按时完成这项工作。（没按时完成这项工作的原因是没计划好时间）Its so hot that I cant sleep.天气热得我不能入睡。(天气热到人不能入睡的程度。）1.although和
20、though同义,在一般情况下,可以互换使用。只是though较普遍,常用于非正式的口语或书面语中,而although则较为正式。另外although语气比though重,常用以强调让步概念。Though/Although my car is very old,I dont want to buy a new one.虽然我的汽车很旧,但我不想买一辆新的。2.even能和though组合表示强调,但even不能和although组合。因此,不能说even although,在这里even though=even if(no matter if;though即使也)Even if/Even th
21、ough we could afford it,we wouldnt go abroad for our vocation.即使我们付得起这笔钱,也不出国度假。3.当让步状语从句指某种假设情况时,通常用though,而不用although。Though all the world were against me,I should still hold to my opinion.就算全世界都反对我,我还是坚持我的立场。4.though可以独立用作副词,常放在句末,意为all the same(还是;仍然)或however(可是;然而),而although无此用法。Its hard work.I
22、 enjoy it,though.工作很苦,可是我喜欢。5.在although和though引导的让步状语从句中,主句里不可用but,若要强调前后两部分的对比意义,可在主句前加yet或still。Although/Though he has a lot of money,yet/still he is unhappy.他虽然有很多钱,但并不幸福。4.(2021，荆州），荆州）How do you like the singing competition yesterday?-Exciting,_ some students didnt do very well.A.so B.and C.though D.because
