1、语 气语气，是英文中谓语动词的一种变化形式，用来表示说话者的意图和态度。英文中的语气可分为三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。在一些场合里，当说话人谈到自己与实际情况相反的情况时，或者主观想象某些事有可能发生时，或建议、要求某事发生时，就要借助虚拟语气来表达这些心态。If I could rearrange the alphabet,I would put U and I together.虚拟语气两大体系一是：表示与事实相反的或假想的情形，通常由if引导，叫作“虚拟条件句”或“非真实条件句”。二是：在名词性从句中使用虚拟语气，表示建议、命令或要求等语气。两 类 三 时两种类型：假设条件句，事
2、实相反句，对三种时间进行虚拟：即是对将来、现在和过去三种时间的虚拟。表示一种假想的情景，说话者的一种主观愿表示一种假想的情景，说话者的一种主观愿望或态度等，实现的可能性不大或极小。望或态度等，实现的可能性不大或极小。表示与某个事实相反的情形。表示与某个事实相反的情形。一个前提，三个变量一个前提：是否虚拟。三个变量：时间变量、主句变量和从句变量。要敏感地判断对某一情形的阐述是否该要敏感地判断对某一情形的阐述是否该用虚拟语气，也就是要意识到这一情形用虚拟语气，也就是要意识到这一情形是表达一种真实的情况，还是一种与事是表达一种真实的情况，还是一种与事实相反的假设。实相反的假设。对事实的假设对事实的假
3、设从句中的谓语从句中的谓语主句中的谓语主句中的谓语与现在事实相反过去式（过去式（be用用were）should/could/would/might+动原动原与过去事实相反had+过分过分should/could/would/might+have+过分过分与将来事实相反1.过去式（过去式（be用用were）2.should+动原动原3.were to+动原动原should/could/would/might+动原动原If I were the president,I would make some changes.与现在相反If there were no music,the world wou
4、ld be very dull.与过去相反If I had known you were coming,I would have picked you up at the station.与将来相反If the sun were to rise/rose/should rise in the west tomorrow,I would lend you the money.错综时间条件句也称“混合虚拟语气”：有些条件句的主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致。If you had taken my advice then,you wouldnt be in trouble now.If
5、it had rained last night,it might be very cold today.Do you love your girlfriend？If I didnt love her,I wouldnt marry her.倒 装 虚 拟当if引导的条件句省去if时，可将should,were或had置于句首。If I should win the lottery,I would buy a car.=Should I win the lottery,I would buy a car.If he were to leave today,he would get there
6、by Monday.=Were he to leave today,he would get there by Monday.If you should change your mind,no one would blame you.=Should you change your mind,no one would blame you.含 蓄 虚 拟有些句子不含条件从句，而是通过介词或短语（but for/without)、上下文、连词（but/or等)或其他方式表现出来。Without electricity,the world would be dark.=If there were no
7、 electricity,the world would be dark.But for your advice,I wouldnt have made such great progress.=If it hadnt been for your advice,I wouldnt have made such great progress.I might have given you more help,but I was too busy.宾语从句表示“建议、命令、要求、坚持”等动词的宾语从句中，从句谓语部分常用“（should）+动词原形”虚拟语气形式。常见动词：一个“坚持”：insist
8、 两个“命令”：order，command 四个“建议”：suggest，propose，recommend，advise 四个“要求”：demand，require，request，desire注意：注意：当当suggest表表“暗示、表明暗示、表明”，insist表表“坚持说坚持说”，即，即“事实事实 是怎样的是怎样的”时，其后宾从不用虚拟。时，其后宾从不用虚拟。宾语从句My parents advise I(should)not watch too much TV.She requested that no one(should)be told of her decision until
9、 the next meeting.I suggest you that you(should)have enough sleep.Her expression suggested that she was angry.He insisted that the problem(should)be discussed at the meeting.He insisted that he was right.宾语从句 wish后的宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法。表达的愿望表达的愿望从从句中的谓语句中的谓语动词的形式动词的形式与现在事实相反的愿望过去式（过去式（be用用were）对过去事实的遗憾had+过
10、分过分与将来事实相反的愿望could/would+动原动原宾语从句I wish I were ten years younger.I wish the weather were better now.I wish you had come to the lecture yesterday.The parcle was a whole week late.How I wish I had chosen air mail instead.I wish I could fly to the moon some day.宾语从句Dont always make noise.Id rather you
11、kept silent.Hed rather his father had been at his party last night.would rather后的宾语从句谓语动词常用过去式（be用were）表示对现在或将来的虚拟；用had+过分表示对过去的虚拟。主语从句在以下几个it做形式主语的主语从句中，从句谓语部分常用“（should）+动词原形”虚拟语气形式。1.It is important/necessary/essential/suggested/advised/requested/required/ordered/proposed.that.中，should常译为“应该”。It
12、is necessary that you(should)seize every possible chance.It is advised that one(should)take plenty of water.It is proposed that the plan(should)be delayed.主语从句2.It is unthinkable/strange/surprising/a pity/a surprise/no wonder.that.中，should常译为“竟然”。It is surprising that you(should)not understand me.It
13、 is strange that tourists(should)never visit this place.It was a surprise that he(should)come so early.同位语、表语从句The doctors suggestion is that you(should)give up smoking.We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go to Dalian for sightseeing.在主句中有suggestion，proposal，order等表“要求、建议”等名词的同位语从句和表语从句中，
14、从句谓语部分常用“（should）+动词原形”虚拟语气形式。表语从句The pencil seems as though it were broken when it is partly put in the water.He talk about Rome as if he had been there before.as if，as though引导的表语从句中，从句谓语常用过去式表示与现在相反的情况；用had+过分表示与过去相反的情况;could/would+动原表与将来相反的情况。He opened his mouth as if he would say something.定语从句It is time that we should have/had a discussion.在 It is(high)time(that).句型中，从句的谓语动词一般用过去式或should+动原的虚拟结构。It is time that we took/should take measures to stop pollution.
