1、Read and answer:a Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor,.b Many people refused to believe that living things,including humans,had evolved from lower forms of life.1 In sentence(a),which action happened first,“suspected”or“evolved from a common ancestor”?“Evolved from a
2、 common ancestor.”2.In sentence(b),which action happened first,“refused to believe”or“evolved from lower forms of life”?“Evolved from lower forms of life.”3.What does the structure had done indicate?It indicates the action happened before a certain past action.A.基本结构：助动词 had+过去分词When I got to the st
3、ation,the train had left.助动词助动词had过去分词过去分词Tom says that he has had two girlfriends.Ann had been Toms girlfriend by the end of 2017.Jane has been his girlfriend since 2019.Complete the paragraphs with the information from the given sentences.1.began2.had led to3.developed4.chose to5.had madeComplete
4、the online encyclopaedia entry with the correct form of the pete decline eat live introduce arriveLonesome George was the last Pinta Island tortoise.He died in 2012.After Georges death,the Pinta Island tortoise was declared extinct.The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoiseis blamed on humans.Befor
5、e humans _1_ on the island,the species _2_ in isolation and _3_ the plants that naturally grew there.George was discovered many years after their arrival,and by then humans _4_ new species that _5_ for the food the tortoises ate.After goats in particular had been brought to the island,the Pinta Isla
6、nd tortoise population _6_.Eventually,only George remained.arrivedhad livedeatenhad introducedcompeteddeclinedIn Memory of a Great HeroLi Wenliang,a 34-year-old doctor,_(die)on February 6,2020 in Wuhan.He _(warn)his friends about the novel coronavirus,but the police _(silence)him.He _(be)ill for alm
7、ost 30 days before he _(pass away).His death led to a strong wave of sadness all over the world.He passed away,but he _(be)an icon of telling the truth since then.diedhad warnedhad silencedhad been passed awayhas been B.基本用法：表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。即“过去的过去”。例：在他们访问印度之前，他们已经录制了七张专辑。Before they v
8、isited India,they had recorded seven albums.表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一个时间的动作，常用的时间状语有by then,by the end of,by the time。例：到这个月末，我们已经学习了20首英文歌。We had learnt 20 English songs by the end of last month.表示愿望、打算等动词，如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,intend,plan等后接从句时，一般用过去完成时表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。我原打算今年去度假，可是我走不
9、开。I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I was not able to get away.在句型hardly.when和no sooner.than中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，表示“一就”。他刚坐下，电话铃就响了。No sooner had he sat down than the telephone rang.我刚离开就开始下雨了。Hardly had I left when it began to rain.部分倒装：将谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词）倒装至主语之前。如果没有助动词或情态动词，则需要添加助动词do,doe
10、s或did，并将其置于主语之前。1.句首为否定的词语，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,not until 等。我从没见过这么糟糕的表演。Never have I seen such a performance.2.用 not until 引出主从复合句时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。中文：直到孩子入睡后母亲才离开房间。原句：The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.倒装句：Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the
11、room.3.only位于句首，并后跟副词、介词短语或从句等状语时，主句需要用倒装结构。只有通过这种方法你才能更好地讲英语。Only in this way can you speak English well.He said that he _(see)you before.By six oclock they _(work)for eight hours.When I came to Guangzhou,he _(be)there for a long time.By the middle of last month we _(live)in Beijing for five years.
12、When she got home her children _(sleep).Before they arrived here the film _already _(start).had seenhad workedhad beenhad slepthad livedhadstarted用所给词的适当形式填空。The duck-billed platypus is a small egg-laying mammal(up to 60 cm in length)found only in Eastern Australia including Tasmania.As its name sug
13、gests,it has a mouth that looks like a ducks bill,while its thick fur and flat tail are similar to those of a beaver.The Komodo dragon is the largest lizard in the world.It can grow to three metres in length and can weigh about 135 kilometres.Despite its size and weight,it can run for short distance
14、sat up to 20 kilometrs per hour.As one of the oldest sea animals in the world,the nautilus has hardly changed in about 500 million years,and that is why it is often given the name“living fossil”.How can seeds travel?How can this benefit plants?Watch and answer:Seeds usually are carried by the wind,w
15、ater,and animals.Plants can have a better chance at life.R e v e a l i n g N a t u r eB i o d i v e r s i t yActivity 5 Listen to the podcast and choose the statements that are made.1 Biodiversity is important.2 Bacteria are always harmful to humans.3 Some species of bacteria are used in food produc
16、tion.4 Many species of bacteria recycle dead organic matter.5 Our immune systems are able to fight off all germs.speciesbacteriagermdigestionimmune systemorganic matterActivity 6 Listen again and complete the fact sheet.Discuss what you know about cells and bacteria in pairs.thirty thirty trilliontr
17、illionthirty-nine trillionmade up of cellsmade up of cellsbricks that are used to build bricks that are used to build houseshouseshelp with help with digestiondigestionbreak downbreak downWhat foods are made using bacteria?Activity 7Do you know about.?Have you heard of.?Complete the boxes with the e
18、xpressions from the podcast.By the way.Actually.In fact,.Speaking of which,Checking background knowledgeChecking background knowledgeAdding informationAdding informationActivity 81.What species are mentioned and what is special about them?Two species are mentioned:the blue whale and the water bear.T
19、he blue whale is the largest animal species on Earth,which can grow up to almost 30 metres in length and weigh over 130,000 kilos.The water bear is probably the toughest species,which can survive temperatures from 150C to a below freezing-272C.2.What other unusual life forms do you know of?Activity
20、9 1.is home to2.are native to3.scientific4.habitats5.ecosystem6.appearance7.primitive8.ancestorComplete the paragraphs with the correct Complete the paragraphs with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.form of the words and expressions in the box.Activity 10 Work in pairs.Work in pairs.uLook at the pictures of the species native to different regions of China.uTalk about biodiversity in China using the words and expressions in this section.uDo online research to find more information.
