1、高考英语谓语类型知识讲解一、S+FV+N+A宾补动词+宾语+各种补语和S+DV+O+O句型的直接宾语一样，S+FV+O+C句型中的宾语通常为名词或代词（而补语可以是形容词、名词、地点副词、介词短语、分词或不定式）：I find John talking with his child.我发现约翰在和他的孩子说话。I want him to dress like a nice boy.我想让他穿得像个好男孩。但这种句型中的宾语或也可能是不定式、动名词或名词从句。在这种情况下，不定式、动名词或从句应用代词it代替，本身则移到补语后面去，成为it的同位语。I find it hard to persu
2、ade a woman. (不可说I find to persuade a woman hard).我发现很难说服一个女人。He considers it necessary that a man should know at leas one foreign language. (不可说he considers that.language necessary.)他认为一个人至少应该懂得一门外语是必要的。S+FV+N+AJohn made the house dirty.1.约有200个宾补动词可用形容词作补语。1）约有50个宾补动词表示精神活动（有些结构属书面语）：They found th
3、e book easy.他们觉得这本书很容易。They felt it cold.他们感到很冷。They felt themselves guilty.他们感到内疚。They thought him honest.他们认为他是诚实的。They fancied themselves right.他们认为自己是对的。They imagined it easy.他们以为这很容易。They called him generous.他们说他很慷慨。They declared him dead.他们宣布他死亡。They professed themselves mistaken.他们承认自己错了。They
4、 confessed themselves guilty.他们承认自己有罪。They were reputed very generous.他们被认为非常慷慨。They proved it false.他们证明了这是错误的。They showed themselves honest.他们表现得很诚实。They rated it good.他们认为它很好。They feigned themselves ill.他们假装生病。They pretended themselves innocent.他们假装无辜。They boasted it precious.他们夸口说它很珍贵。They wishe
5、d him dead.他们希望他死。They wanted the house clean and tidy.他们希望房子干净整洁。They liked their tea very strong.他们喜欢喝浓茶。2）约有30个宾补动词既不表示精神活动也不表示具体动作：They made him responsible.他们让他负起责任。They got the floor dirty.他们把地板弄脏了。They put things right.他们纠正错误。They kept the room clean.他们保持房间干净。They bled their parents white.他们榨
6、干了父母的血汗。They cut me dead.他们不理睬我。They marked six of students absent.他们记录有六名学生缺席。3）至少有50个宾补动词表示具体动作：He pushed the door open.他推开门。He cut the string short.他把绳子剪短了。He washed it clean.他把它洗干净了。He beat her black and blue.他把她打得遍体鳞伤。He knocked himself senseless.他把自己打昏了。He shook me awake.他把我摇醒。He baked the cak
7、e brown.他把蛋糕烤成褐色。He ground it sharp.他磨得很锋利。He stained it blue.他把它染成蓝色。4）约有20个宾补动词（多由不及物动词变成）表示人的动作，后面常跟自身代词：They talked themselves ill.他们说自己坏话。They drank themselves drunk.他们喝得酩酊大醉。They ate themselves sick.他们吃得不舒服。They laughed themselves red in the face.他们笑得满脸通红。2.当宾补动词和形容词都是单音节词，尤其当宾语较长，或包含有疑问词或关系代（
8、副）词时，形容词常紧跟在动词后面：They made good the loss.他们弥补了损失。They made clear their opinion.他们表明了自己的意见。He set free all the prisoners of the city.他释放了城里所有的囚犯。He cut short the sentence that seemed too long.他把那个似乎太长的句子缩短了。Whose letter are you copying fair?你在抄谁的信?Which string are you going to cut short?你要剪短哪根绳子?He h
9、as a gray beard which he shaves close every five days.他有一副灰白的胡子，每五天刮一次。He spoke to a woman whose husband he was going to set free.他对一个女人说，他要释放她的丈夫。He spoke kindly to John, whom he secretly wished ill.他亲切地对约翰说话，心里暗暗希望他倒霉。3.在上述句子中，宾语的补语表示宾补动词所指动作的结果。但在下面句子中，宾语的补语常是when所引起的从句的紧缩形式。例如alive意思是when he was
10、 alive, young意思是when it was young, 约有20个动词常可这样用：They trapped the animal alive.他们活捉了那只动物。They trained it young.他们从小就训练它。They took him alive.他们活捉了他。They usually ate the herb raw.他们通常生吃这种草药。They carried him half-dead to the hospital.他们把他抬到半死的医院。The snake swallows its prey whole.蛇把猎物整个吞下。4.So可以用来代替任何形容词
11、补语：“Is it correct?” “I find it so.” “But I dont think it so.”“对吗?” “我觉得是这样。” “但我不这么认为。”“He is cunning.” “But I dont call him so.”“他很狡猾。” “但我不这么叫他。”Your future will be fine if you decide to make it so.如果你决定这样做，你的未来会很好。5.至少有30个及物动词（大多表示精神活动），可以成为宾语动词，但要求形容词前加as：They abandoned it as useless.他们认为它毫无用处而放
12、弃了它。They acknowledged themselves as careless.他们承认自己粗心大意。They feigned themselves as ignorant of the robbery.他们假装对抢劫一无所知。They held it as valuable.他们认为它很有价值。They represent the situation as hopeless.他们认为形势毫无希望。They set down the advice as valuable.他们认为这个建议很有价值。二、S+LV.A.(P)+W-CI/W-I或S+LV.PaP.(P)+W-CI/W-I或
13、S+LV.P.N.(P)+W-CI-IJohn was doubtful whether he would succeed/what to do next.1.由系动词加表示精神作用的形容词（或副词）和介词构成的短语，如果用一个由疑问词引起的从句或不定式作宾语，它在语法上也相当于一个及物动词。约有10个系动词可用在这种短语中。介词常常省略掉。He is not sure (of) whether you will succeed.他不确定你是否会成功。I am forgetful (of) what I have done.我忘了我所做过的事。He appeared (or seemed) a
14、fraid (of) what you would do.他似乎害怕你要做的事。I grow doubtful (of) whether she likes me.我开始怀疑她是否喜欢我。He became aware (of) how you treated him.他知道你怎样对待他了。I am amazed (at) how he has succeeded.我对他的成功感到惊奇。He is not sure (about) how to do it.他对如何做这件事拿不准。He is careful (of) what to say.他对该说什么很小心。He is not sure (
15、of) whether to resign or not (=whether he should resign or not).他拿不准是否应该辞职。I am forgetful (of) what to do (=what I must do).我忘了该做什么。I grow doubtful (of) where to find a job (=where i can find a job).我开始怀疑到哪里去找工作了。He seems ignorant (of) when to go back to school after the vacation.他似乎不知道假期结束后什么时候回学校。
16、He grows fussy (about) what to drink.他对喝什么变得挑剔起来。John seems puzzled (about) what to say.约翰似乎不知道该说什么。He grew curious (about) how to make a toy.他对如何制作玩具感到好奇。2.由于“介词+名词”有时在语法上相当于一个形容词，在本节中将LV.P.N和LV.A合并处理可能是适当的。He is in doubt (=doubtful) (as to) what we could do.他对我们能做什么表示怀疑。I am in a puzzle (=am puzzl
17、ed) (about) what step i must take.我不知道该走哪一步。I am at sea (=am puzzled) (about) how he did it.他是怎么做的，我大惑不解。I am at my wits end (or in perplexity) (about) which way to take, whether to get married or not.我不知该走哪条路，该不该结婚。He is in doubt what to do.他拿不准该做什么。I am in a puzzle (about) what step to take.我不知道该采取什么步骤。He is all at sea (about) how to begin.他不知如何开始。I am at my wits end (or in perplexity, in two minds, in several minds) (about) which way to take, whether to get married or to continue my study.我不知该走哪条路，是结婚呢，还是继续读书呢。5
