1、鲁教版(五四学制)七年级下册英语Unit 8 语法知识清单Unit 8 Ill help to clean up the city parks. 知识清单Section A一、单词： clean up，cheer，cheer up，give out，volunteer，come up with， put off，sign，notice，hand out，call up，used to，lonely，care for，homeless，raise，alone二、重点短语和知识点1.clean up 打扫（或清扫）干净2.cheer up （使）变得更高兴，振奋起来3.give out 分发，散发
2、e up with = think up想出，提出（主意，计划，回答等）5.put up 张贴6.put off (doing sth.) 推迟7.hand out 分发8.call up 打电话给（某人）， 征召9.care for 照顾，非常喜欢10.help out 帮助解决问题或摆脱困境11.be busy with/ be busy doing忙于某事12.raise money for homeless people 为无家可归的人筹钱13. a good way to do sth. 一个做某事的好方法14.make plans to do sth. 制定计划做某事15.try
3、out 参加选拔，试用16.volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事17.used to do sth. 过去常常做某事, be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事18.stop doing sth. 停止做某事，stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事19.区别alone 和lonely： alone：adv.单独，独自； lonely: adj. 孤独的，寂寞的20.help do sth. / to do sth. /with sth 帮助做-三、句子1. 你可以帮助清扫城市公园。 You could help to clean up the cit
4、y parks.2. 我们需要想出一个计划来告诉人们关于城市公园的扫除。We need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up. 3.他打电话张贴标识求购旧自行车并打电话给所有朋友告诉他们这个问题。He put up signs asking for old bikes and called up all his friends to tell them about the problem. 4. 他们在什么方面让你帮忙？ What did they ask you to help out with?
5、5. 她决定为一个课外阅读志愿者项目参与选拔。She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. 6.They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们给我讲过去的故事和过去的事情是什么样的。7.Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way to spend our free time. 自愿拿出我们的时间帮助这些人是度过我们业余时间的好办法。8.For exam
6、ple, we can make plans to visit sick people in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. 例如，我们可以制定计划看望医院里生病的孩子或为无家可归的人筹钱。四、语法：动词不定式的用法。 Section B一、单词 1.repair v. 2.fix v. 3. broken adj. 4.wheel n. 5.letter n. 6. Miss n. 7. disabled adj. 8. blind adj. 9.deaf adj. 10. imagine v. 11. difficulty
7、n. 12.open v. 13.door n.14.carry v. 15.train v. 16. excited adj. 17. kindness n. 18. training n.19.clever adj. 20. understand (understood) v. 21.change v. 22. several pron. 23. strong adj. 24.feeling n. 25.satisfaction n. 26.joy n. 27.owner n. 28.interest n./v. 29. Sir n. 30.madam n. 31.project n. 3
8、2. coach v./n.1.修理 2. 安装，使固定 3. 破损的，残缺的 4. 车轮，轮子 5. 信函 6.小姐，女士 7. 丧失能力的，有残疾的 8. 瞎的，失明的9. 聋的 10. 想象，设想11. 困难12. 打开13 门 14. 拿，提，扛15. 训练，培训16. 激动的，兴奋的 17. 仁慈，善良 18. 训练，培训 19. 聪明的，聪颖的20. 理解，领会21. 变化，改变22. 几个，数个，一些23. 强壮的，强健的 24.感觉，感触 25. 满足，满意26. 高兴，愉快27. 物主，主人28. 兴趣，关注，使感兴趣，使关注29.先生 30.夫人，女士 31.工程，项 32
9、. 教练二、重要短语和知识点（一）短语：1. run out of 2. take after 3. fix up(=repair）4. be similar to 5. give away 6. give out 7. hand out 8. thank you for 9. set up 10. make a difference 11. answer the telephone 12. a friend of mine 13. help out 14. cheer up 15. be excited for 16. be able to 17. because of 18. at onc
10、e 19. give up 20. an animal doctor 21. care for 22. such a strong feeling of satisfaction 23. the look of joy 24. try out 25. after-school reading program. 26. at the same time.1. 用光，耗尽 2. 在外貌、性格等方面与(父母) 相像 3. 修理 4. 与相似 5. 捐赠 6. 分发，散发 7. 分发 8. 为而感 9. 建立，创立 10. 影响，有作用 11. 接电话 12. 我的一个朋友 13. 帮助摆脱困难 14
11、. （使）变得高兴，振奋起来 15. 对感到兴奋 16. 能够 17. 由于 18. 立刻，马上 19. 放弃 20. 一名动物医生 21. 关心；照顾 22. 如此强烈的满足感23. 喜悦的表情 24. 参加选拔；试用25. 课后阅读项目 26. 同时 （二）知识点： 1. take after: “在外貌、性格等方面与(父母) 相像” E.g. I guess I take after my father. 拓展： (1) look like (看上去像)E.g. She takes after her mother almost in everything. 她几乎与她母亲一模一样。 (
12、2) be like (像一样)E.g. Helookslike hisbrother. 她和她母亲非常像。 IsJapanesefoodlikeChinese? 日本料理和中餐相似吗？ (3) be similar to 与相似。 E.g. Im similar to her.2. fix up:“修理；装饰”，是由“动词+副词”类型的短语，名词做宾语时可放在fix与up中间或fix up后面；代词作宾语时置于fix与up之间。 E.g. We should fix the house up/fix up the house.我们应该修理好这座房子。 The bike is broken.
13、We should fix it up. 拓展：“动词+副词”的短语: cut up 切碎；cut down 砍倒，put up 张贴,挂起；put off 推迟；give away 捐赠；give/hand out 分发等。3. make it possible for sb. to do sth.“使某人做某事成为可能”拓展：make it+形容词+for sb. + to do sth. “使某人做某事”，其中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。有类似用法的动词还有think, find等。E.g. I find it very difficult to learn a for
14、eign language well.4. be excited about “对感到兴奋”,excited为形容词“激动的，兴奋的”；exciting形容词“令人激动的，兴奋的”；excited常用于修饰人，exciting用于修饰物。E.g. I was excited about the idea of having a dog. 我对拥有一条狗这个想法激动不已。 The soccer game is very exciting. 这场足球赛非常令人激动。拓展：interested“有趣的”，修饰人 relaxed“放松的”， 修饰人 interesting“令人感兴趣的”，修饰物 re
15、laxing“令人放松的”， 修饰物 bored“无聊的”， 修饰人 tired“劳累的”，修饰人 boring “令人厌烦的”， 修饰物 tiring“累人的”， 修饰物5. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners faces.当我看到动物们（病情）渐好，看到它们主人脸上的喜悦表情时，我产生出那么一种极强的满足感来。此句中get出现了两次。第一个get的意思是“产生；形成；变为”，是及物动词，常与feeli
16、ng，idea等词语搭配使用。E.g. How did you get such an idea? 你怎么会产生这样一个想法？第二个get是系动词后接形容词。表示体质，情绪，天气等方面的改变，通常译为“觉得；变为”。E.g. Its getting hotter now. 现在的天气变得热起来了。拓展： （1）系动词，又叫做联系动词，是用来辅助主语的动词，在句中不能单独作谓语，其后必须跟表语，构成系表结构。系动词包括：状态系动词（只有be），持续性系动词（如keep, stay等），表像系动词（如seem, look,），感官系动词（feel, smell, sound, taste），变化的
17、系动词（become, grow, turn, get, come等）。（2）其中，既可做实义动词又可做系动词有get, grow, turn, stay, keep, come, seem等。6. such a strong feeling of satisfaction“如此强烈的满足感”such意为“这样的；如此的”，是一个形容词，常用来修饰名词。常用结构：such + a/an+形容词+可数名词单数。如果名词是不可数或复数，去掉a/an就可以。E.g. Its such a fine day. 今天的天气是如此的好。拓展：so意为“这样地；如此地”，是一个副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词。
18、常用结构：so + adj. + a/an+可数名词单数。同样,如果名词是不可数或复数,去掉a/an就可以。E.g. She is so lovely a girl. 她是一个如此可爱的女孩。7. Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.在这里当志愿者对我来说是梦想成真。此句中a dream come true，表示“梦想成为现实，梦想成真”，是一种固定结构。E.g. Ive always wanted to visit New York，so going there on vacation next month will be a drea
19、m come true for me。我一直都想去纽约，所以下个月到那儿度假对我来说将是梦想成真。三、句子1. Ive run out of it. 2. I take after my mother. (look like/be similar to)3. I fixed it up. = I repaired it.4. I fix up bikes and give them away.5. Im sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.6. You helped to make i
20、t possible for me to have Lucky. (make it +形容词 for sb. to do sth.)7. Lucky makes a big difference to my life.8. Then one day last year, a friend of mine helped me out.9. She also thought a dog might cheer me up.10. Ill send you a photo of him if you like.11. Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside
21、 High School give up several hours each week to help others.12. I want to learn more about how to care for animals.( look after/take care of )13. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction.14. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.15. Volunteering here is a
22、dream come true for me.(动名词做主语，谓语动词为单三)16. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.17. I want to help out as a volunteer in your old peoples home.18. Well, you could help coach a football team for little kids.19. Last week, Jimmy, the Bike Boy ran out of money to buy old bikes.(动
23、词不定式)20. The ideas that he came out with worked out fine.(定语从句)四、语法（一）动词不定式：“to+动词原形”被称为动词不定式，常写作to do(有时to可以省略)，否定形式为not to do。 该形式又被称为动词的非谓语形式，在句中除了不能作谓语外，可作其他成分，没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式的用法：动词不定式可在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。1. 作宾语：主语+谓语 V. + to do 不定式常出现在一些及物动词后，构成动词短语，如：want to do, plan to do, agree to do, learn
24、to do 等。 E.g. You must learn to look after yourself. 你必须学着照顾自己。 2. 作宾语补足语： 谓语动词+名词/代词+动词不定式 动词不定式用来补充说明宾语的情况。有些动词要求动词不定式必须带to,有些要求不to。 有些动词如 ask, teach, tell, advise, invite 等后必须接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 E.g. The teacher asks us to come to school early. 老师要求我们早点到校。 3. 作目的状语: 动词不定式可表示某一动作或状态的目的，位于句首或句尾。E.g.
25、The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. 那个女孩可以到医院去哄生病的小孩子开心。 4. 与特殊疑问词连用：放在what, which, where, when, which, who, how等词之后，如what to say, how to learn English, where to go等。 E.g. When to start is not decided yet. 还没决定什么时候开始。 （二）could用法：could 是情态动词can的过去式形式，表示过去的能力。它没有人称和数的变
26、化，后面接动词原形。变否定句在could后加not, 变一般疑问句把could提前。在某些情况下，could 并不表示过去，只是表示委婉、客气的语气。其肯定答语用：Sure./ Certainly./ All right.等。否定答语用：Sorry./Sorry, I cant.等。E.g. A: Could you tell me the ending of the story? 你能告诉我这个故事的结尾吗？B: Sure. 当然可以。（三）短语动词：短语动词时动词的一种固定搭配形式，可以把它作为一个整体，同一般动词一样使用。短语动词的搭配可分为一下六种基本类型:1. 动词+副词 这种结构的
27、短语动词有些用作及物动词，有些用作不及物动词。用作及物动词，所带的宾语为名词时，名词位于副词的前面或后面皆可；如果所带的宾语为代词时，宾语要位于副词的前面。常见的：cheer up; clean up; put up; turn down等。E.g. Could you turn down the music, please? 请你把音乐关小一点好吗？2.动词+介词 动词与介词构成的短语在意义上相当于一个及物动词 ，宾语总是位于介词的后面。常见的有：look after; take after; hear from; hear of; pay for等。E.g. I have to look
28、after my sister at home this evening. 今晚我不得不在家照顾我的妹妹。3. 动词+副词+介词 在这类短语动词中，动词、副词和介词紧密结合，是动副短语和动介短语的合成体，意义上相当于一个及物动词，所带的宾语总是位于介词之后。常见的：get out of; look forward to; go on with等。E.g. We are looking forward to meeting our new English teacher. 我们都盼望着见到我们的新英语老师。4. 动词+名词 常见的动词有have, take, give, make, tell等，
29、后面的名词通常是由动词转化而来。常见的有：have a rest; take a walk; have a try; make mistakes等。E.g. Lets have another try. 让我们再试试。5. 动词+名词+介词 这类短语动词只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度；宾语总是位于介词之后。常见：have a look at; make friends with; pay attention to等。E.g. You should pay attention to your teacher in class. 课堂上你应该注意听老师讲课。6. be +形容词（包括过去分词作形容词）+介词 这类短语动词也相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词的后谜案，形容词是短语动词的真正词义。常见的有：be late for; be good for; be good at be strict with等。E.g. Eating more vegetables and fruit is good for your health.水果对你的健康有好处。 第 8 页 共 8 页
