1、ENGLISHUsing language省略ENGLISH省略ENGLISH省略ENGLISH省略一、简单句中的省略1省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。(I)Beg your pardon.请再说一遍。What a hot day(it is)!多热的天啊！ENGLISH省略(Is there)Anything else to say?还有别的要说的吗？2省略宾语：当上、下或前、后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略宾语。Do you know Miss Gao?你认识高女士
2、吗？I dont know(her).不认识。ENGLISH省略3表示情况相同时的省略。肯定句用so+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，否定用neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语I dont know Miss Gao.我不认识高女士。Neither/Nor do I.我也不认识。ENGLISH省略I know Miss Gao.我认识高女士。So do I.我也认识。ENGLISH省略二、并列句中的省略在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。1省略共同的主语或宾语。Tom picked up a book on the floor and(Tom)hand
3、ed it to the teacher.汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书，并把它交给了老师。ENGLISH省略3省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。(You come)This way,please.请这边走。(Have you)Got any ink?你有墨水吗？ENGLISH省略2若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。Jack must have been playing football and Mar
4、y(must have been)doing her homework.杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做作业。3若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。His advice made me happy,but(his advice made)Jim angry.他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。ENGLISH省略4若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesnt(have a knowledge of first aid).他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。ENGLI
5、SH省略三、复合句中的省略1状语从句中的省略(1)在when，while，if，as if，though，although，as，until，once，whether，unless，whenever等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语相同，且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。ENGLISH省略As(it is)scheduled,we participated in several instructive activities.按照计划安排，我们参加了几个有指导意义的活动。Look out for cars when(you are)crossi
6、ng the street.过马路时要当心汽车。ENGLISH省略非谓语做状语非谓语做状语省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。Hearing the news,we jumped with joy.=when we hear the news,we jumped with joy.Surprised by the news,he couldnt believe it.=He was surprised by the news and couldnt believe it.ENGLISH省略To s
7、olve the problem,we need to work together.注意：并非所有的状语从句都可以省略主语和be动词，由after,before,because等词引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语等，用动名词代替be动词。Because he was ill,he didnt attend the meeting.Because of being ill,he didnt attend the meeting.(正)Being ill,he didnt attend the meeting.(正)Because ill,he didnt attend the meeting.
8、(误)ENGLISH省略(2)在than，as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。They dont use more water than(it is)necessary.他们使用的水没有超出需要量。He runs as fast as Bob(runs).他和鲍勃跑得一样快。ENGLISH省略2定语从句中的省略(1)在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom可省略。The computer(which)I wanted to buy was sold out.我想买的那种电脑卖光了。(2)在定语从句中way作先行词，且在句中充当方式状语时，可省略引导定语从句的关系代
9、词。ENGLISH省略I dont like the way(that=in which)he speaks to me.我不喜欢他对我说话的方式。(3)在以“the same.as.”或such as引导的定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同的部分。I have the same trouble as you(have).我和你有同样的困难。（4）关系代词作从句主语，有say,believe,think,hope,know等词做插入语，关系代词可以省略。ENGLISH省略The meal you said was terrible will not be served.=The meal(that
10、)you said was terrible will not be served.插入语ENGLISH省略3宾语从句中的省略(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。I do believe(that)I am very qualified for this voluntary work,because I have a good command of spoken English.我的确相信我非常适合这项志愿者工作，因为我精通英语口语。ENGLISH省略He said(that)the t
11、ext was very important and that we should learn it by heart.他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该用心学习它。(2)when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。I know that a movie star will come to our city but I dont know why(he will come to our city).我知道一个电影明星将要来我们市，但我不知道他为什么来。ENGLISH省略四、其他的省略情况1动词不定式的省略(1)当不定式在形容词afraid，anxious，eager，gl
12、ad，happy，ready，willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。You cant force him to answer the question if hes not ready to(answer the question).如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。ENGLISH省略(2)某些使役动词如make，let，have等，以及感官动词如see，watch，notice，observe，hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to；若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不能省略。We often hear her sing an English song in the classr
13、oom.She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态)我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。ENGLISH省略(3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，则不能省略to。He told me to stay there and(to)wait for him.他叫我在那儿等他。He believes it important to study rather than to make money.(比较)他认为重要的是学习，而不是挣钱。ENGLISH省略(4)当不定式在某些动词后作
14、宾语时，常可省略to后的内容。常见的动词(短语)有agree，afford，expect，forget，hope，manage，pretend，remember，refuse，want，wish，would like等。Would you like to go to the cinema with me?你愿意和我一起去看电影吗？Id like to(go with you).我愿意。ENGLISH省略(5)介词but，except前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。All he could do was nothing but wait.他能做的只有等待。=He could
15、do nothing but wait.注意：but 前无do(实义动词)，but 后接toEg.have no choice but to do 除了做某事，别无他法 do nothing but do sth 只顾做（不做他事）ENGLISH省略2使用so，not等时的省略为了避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句，与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，Im afraid等连用。so表示赞同前述的事实，not表示不赞同前述的事实。Has she ever been to Lond
16、on?她曾去过伦敦吗？ENGLISH省略I dont think so.(I dont think she has ever been to London.)我想她没去过。Will it rain tomorrow?明天会下雨吗？I hope not.(I hope it wont rain tomorrow.)我希望不会。ENGLISH省略3介词的省略(1)一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有：have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.be busy(in)doing sth.spend some time(in)
17、doing sth.stop/prevent sb.(from)doing sth.The heavy rain prevented him(from)arriving there on time.大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。ENGLISH省略(2)表示时间的介词at,on和in在next,last,this,these,yesterday,tomorrow,one,any,every,each,some等词之前时，一般可以省略。We go to school(on)every day except Sundays.除了星期天之外，我们每天都去上学。We go to school next M
18、onday.我们下周一去上学。ENGLISH省略句型转换（省略句）1Just take a short break if you are tired.Just take a short break if tired2The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.The burn she got from the iron was red and very painfulENGLISH省略3Only some of the students have done a first aid course but
19、most of the students havent done a first aid course.Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most havent4John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel.John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not5She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for
20、 someone.She stood at the gate as if waiting for someoneENGLISH省略用省略结构完成句子1Unless invited to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.除非邀请你发言，否则你应该在这次会议上保持沉默。2Henry is less likely to pass the final exam,but he still hopes to亨利通过期末考试的可能性很小，但他仍希望通过。3I have nothing to do but read books.除了整天看书，我无事可做。ENGLISH省略4If you dont attend the opening ceremony tomorrow,neither/nor will I如果你不参加明天的开幕式，我也不去了。5To my surprise,my son finished his homework better than expected让我惊讶的是，我儿子的作业完成得比预期中好。
