1、Unit 3Period 2 Grammar&Vocabulary新 课 导 入They have just connected the printer to the computer.The printer has just been connected to the computer by them.Read these two sentences and tell the difference between them.active formpassive form课 堂 学 习Present perfect passiveLook at the sentences from the r
2、eading passage and answer the questions.1a.I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.b.New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.1.What has happened to“you”in sentence(a)?2.Who has used new inventions to make replacement hearts and
3、 bone parts in sentence(b)?Someone has asked“you”about the title of your book before.People have used 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts.Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.c.I guess someone has asked you about the title of your book before.d.People
4、have used new inventions like 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts.3.What is the difference between the two groups of sentences?4.Why does the author choose to use the passive form instead of the active form in the reading passage?In the first group,the words in bold show the use of
5、 the passive form with the subjects,while in the second group,the words in bold show the use of the active form with the subjects.The author chooses to use the passive form instead of the active form to emphasis what has been done,rather than who or what does the action.Now look for more sentences w
6、ith the present perfect passive in the reading passage.1.The New Age of Invention has just been published.(para.1)2.In addition,important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.(para.6)3.Nothing like this has been invented yet and Id say wer
7、e a long way from an invention like that at the moment.(para.14)Present perfect passive 现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态一、构成构成肯定式:have/has+been done 否定式:have/has not+been done 一 般 疑 问 式:Have/Has+主 语+been done?特殊疑问式:疑问词+have/has(+主语)+been done?eg:The door has already been locked.The children havent been told the
8、 good news yet.Has his new novel been translated into English yet?How long has the house been built?二、现在完成时的被动语态的主要用法现在完成时的被动语态的主要用法1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果，着重指现在的情况。当动词为结束性动词时，可与already,yet 连用，但不能与for 或since 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。eg:The work has already been completed.2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去时，常与f
9、or或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long 句型中。eg:My car has been repaired for two day.eg:The house has been painted since the family moved out.3.用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。eg:You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.三、常与现在完成时连用的时间状语常与现在完成时连用的时间状语already,yet,recently/lately
10、,since then,ever since,so far,ever,for a long time,by now,in recent years,in/during/over the past /last(few)years四、应注意的问题应注意的问题1.注意现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词，即have/has 和been,两者缺一不可。2.注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在情况没有关系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在情况的联系。eg:This novel was finished last year.eg:This novel has bee
11、n finished.3.非延续性动词在现在完成时的被动语态中的运用。非延续性动词，如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不与for 或since 连用。但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有连续性，因而可与since或for引导的时间状语连用。eg:No books have been bought since last week.4.动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。eg:The orphan has been looked after by his
12、 neighbours.eg:The problem has been paid enough attention to.5.带有双宾语的动词，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将直接宾语或间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。eg:The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.eg:He has been
13、 given a chance to work abroad recently(by the company).2Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive.Within the next 80 years,our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing.It has already affected many things in our lives,right down to the food we eat.For instance,some
14、 restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers.But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine.They have made human body parts,including a beating heart,with 3D printing technology.And it is not just humans who are benefiting-in Brazil
15、,people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!Many things in our lives have already been affected3D-printed hamburgers have been served to customers in some restaurants in London.But perhaps the most significant success that have been achieved to date is in medicine.
16、Human body parts,including a beating heart,have been made with 3D printing technology.A new 3D-printed shell has been given to a turtle injured in a forest fire!3Imagine you are Dr Moore.Look at the pictures and tell the police about the damage and loss to your lab.Use the present perfect passive wh
17、ere appropriate.The lock on the door has been broken.The window has been broken.My two laptops have been stolen.Beakers and test tubes have been destroyed.The book case has been opened,and some files have been taken away while others have been thrown everywhere.The robot has been damaged.A pair of g
18、loves have been left in the lab.4Look at the pictures and answer the questions.Careers in sciencephysicistmathematicianchemistastronomergeographerbiologist1.What do you know about these careers?2.What famous scientists can you name in these fields?A1:A physicist is a person who does research connect
19、ed with physics or who studies physics.A mathematician is a person who is trained in the study of numbers and calculations.A chemist is a person who does research connected with chemistry or who studies chemistry.An astronomer is a scientist who studies the stars,planets,and other natural objects in
20、 space.A geographer is a person who studies the geography or is an expert in it.A biologist is a person who studies or works in the field of biology.A2:Physicist:Isaac Newton 艾萨克牛顿;Albert Einstein 阿尔伯特爱因斯坦Mathematician:Zu Chongzhi 祖冲之;Hua Luogeng 华罗庚Chemist:Dmitri Mendeleev 德米特里伊万诺维奇门捷列夫;Alfred Bern
21、hard Nobel 阿尔弗雷德伯纳德诺贝尔 Astronomer:Zhang Heng 张衡;Galileo Galilei 伽利略伽利雷Geographer:Xu Xiake 徐霞客;Pei Xiu 裴秀Biologist:T.C.Tung 童第周Learning to learnWords about different careers in science can be formed by adding-er,-ist or-ian at the end of the words about subjects,eg biology biologist.More careers:bake
22、r,editor,statistician,librarian,columnist,linguist5Complete the introductions about different scientists with the words in Activity 4.Pay attention to the language that describes their careers.Guo Shoujing(1231-1316)was a famous Chinese 1_ of the Yuan dynasty.He invented twelve new instruments to st
23、udy stars and planets.He also developed a calendar which is as accurate as the Gregorian calendar.A mountain on the Moon and a minor planet are named after him.astronomerBritish 2_ Charles Darwin(18091882)is best known for his work On the Origin of Species,in which he explains changes in species due
24、 to natural selection.His ideas deeply influence our understanding of the relationship between humans and nature.biologistLi Daoyuan(ca 466-527)was a famous writer and 3_ of the Northern Wei Dynasty.He did field research across China and studied more than a thousand rivers and streams,along with the
25、 landscape,history and culture of the surrounding areas.geographerMarie Curie(18671934)was a world-famous 4 _,and was first awarded the Nobel Prize in 1903 for her extraordinary work on radioactivity.She was also regarded as a brilliant 5_,and was again awarded the Nobel Prize in 1911 for the isolat
26、ion of pure radium.physicist chemistChen Jingrun(19331996)was one of the worlds leading 6_.His work on Chens Theorem made an important advance towards proving Goldbachs Conjecture(哥德巴赫猜想),the greatest unsolved problem in number theory.mathematicians6Work in pairs.Think about other careers in science
27、 and discuss what interests you most.Im interested in the work of a(n).because.Language points1.Within the next 80 years,our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing.在未来的80 年里，我们的生活可能会被3D 打印改变得无法辨认。beyond prep.无法；超出（某个数量、水平或限度）；晚于，迟于【词汇拓展】【词汇拓展】beyond repair/control/belief 无法修理/控制/相信 b
28、eyond description 无法形容，难以描述 beyond recognition 变得认不出来 beyond ones power 超出某人的能力beyond ones reach 在某人够不着的地方 beyond compare 无与伦比即学即练 完成句子1.Scotts equipment was damaged _ _(无法修理).2.The scenery there was _ _ _(美得无法形容).3.The town _ _ _ _(已经变得让人认不出来了)since I was last here.4.Tonights performance has been c
29、ancelled due to circumstances _ _ _(我们无法控制).5.Some shops keep open _ _(到午夜以后).beyond repairbeautiful beyond description has changed beyond recognition beyond beyond midnightour control 2.But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine.但或许迄今为止，人们所取得的最重要的成就是在医
30、药领域。significant adj.重要的，影响深远的【词汇拓展】【词汇拓展】be significant=be of significance 重要的 It is significant that.很重要significance n.重要性，意义；意思，含义attach great/little importance/significance 认为很有/几乎没有重要性 the significance of 的重要性即学即练 完成句子1._ _ _ _(很重要)all the people are treated equally.2.A theory,however good it is
31、,is _ _ _(没有意义)without being put into practice.3._ _ _(的重要性)constructing a village on the moon lies in the fact that it will help humans to explore the solar system further.It is significant that of no significance The significance of3.people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in
32、a forest fire!人们给一只在森林大火中受伤的乌龟一个新的 3D 打印外壳！injure v.使受伤，弄伤【词汇拓展】【词汇拓展】injure sb/sth/oneself 使某人/某物/自己受伤 injure ones pride/feelings 伤害某人的自尊/情感 injured adj.受伤的 injury n.伤害；损伤；受伤处词语辨析 injure,hurt 与 wound injure 指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。hurt普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上的受伤。它可以指肉体上的伤害。也可比喻指人们精神上的创伤。即学即练 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空（injure/hurt/wound）1.You should make an apology to my sister because what you said _ her feelings.2.The bullet _ one of the brave soldiers in the shoulder.3.Tom _ his legs in a skating accident.hurt wounded injured课堂总结课堂总结
