1、外研必修第三册 Unit 3 Period 2Grammar&Vocabulary学习目标学习目标12To know the usage of present perfect passive voice and use it correctly.To use the words and phrases describing careers in science correctly.目标一：目标一：To know the usage of present perfect passive voice and use it correctlyActivity 1:Look at the senten
2、ces from the reading passage and answer the questions.a.I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.b.New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.1.What has happened to“you”in sentence(a)?2.Who has used new inventions to make replaceme
3、nt hearts and bone parts in sentence(b)?Someone has asked“you”about the title of your book before.People have used 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts.Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.c.I guess someone has asked you about the title of your book bef
4、ore.d.People have used new inventions like 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts.3.What is the difference between the two groups of sentences?In the first group,the words in bold show the use of the passive form with the subjects,while in the second group,the words in bold show the u
5、se of the active form with the subjects.4.Why does the author choose to use the passive form instead of the active form in the reading passage?The author chooses to use the passive form instead of the active form to emphasise what has been done,rather than who or what does the action.Now look for mo
6、re sentences with the present perfect passive in the reading passage.1.The New Age of Invention has just been published.(para.1)2.In addition,important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.(para.6)3.Nothing like this has been invented yet
7、and Id say were a long way from an invention like that at the moment.(para.14)Activity 2:Read the sentences and summarise the sentence structures of present perfect passive.*The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.*The ink has not been removed from the clothes.*Havent you been
8、informed of the date of the interview?*How many buildings have been built in your school?肯定式 主语+have/has been done.否定式主语+have/has not been done.一般疑问式 Have/Has+主语+been done.?特殊疑问式 疑问词+have/has+主语+been done.?Activity 3:Read the groups of sentences and summarise the usage of present perfect passive.Gro
9、up 1:*My composition has already been polished again and again.*The lost boy hasnt been found yet.*Such a thing has never been heard of before.Summary:现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,通常与 _ 等副词连用。already,yet,just,never,recentlyGroup 2:*Financial problems of the company have been discussed for
10、nearly two hours.*Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.Summary:表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去,常与_或_引导的时间状语连用,或用于“_?”句型中。forsinceHow long【拓展补充】常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:already 已经(常用于肯定句)yet已经(常用于否定句或一般疑问句)recently/lately最近since then从那时起 ever since自那以来e
11、ver曾经 so far迄今为止by now到现在为止 for a long time很长一段时间 in recent years在最近几年里 in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里Group 3:*You shouldnt leave school before your homework has been finished.*The teacher wont leave until all the children have been picked up.Summary:用在_或_状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作,即用现在完成时的被动语态代替
12、将来完成时的被动语态。时间条件【Attention】使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题:(1)现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词,即 have/has和been,两者缺一不可。(2)现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别:一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。*The house was built last year.这房子是去年建造的。*The house has been built.这房子已经建好了。(3)带有双宾语的动词,如give,s
13、end,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。*The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.He has been given a chance to work abroad recently(by the company).A chance to work abroad has been
14、given to him recently(by the company).(4)被动语态的句子中的主语是行为动作的承受者。需要注意的是，并不是所有的动词或词组都有被动形式。如:happen,take place,break out,belong to,cost,last等不及物动词或词组就没有被动形式。*Great changes have taken place in our country in the past 30 years.过去30 年我们国家发生了巨大变化。Activity 4:Rewrite the underlined parts using the present per
15、fect passive.Within the next 80 years,our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing.It has already affected many things in our lives,right down to the food we eat.For instance,some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers.But perhaps the most significant succ
16、ess that people have achieved to date is in medicine.They have made human body parts,including a beating heart,with 3D printing technology.And it is not just humans who are benefiting-in Brazil,people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!1 Many things in our lives h
17、ave already been affected2 3D-printed hamburgers have been served to customers in some restaurants in London.3 But perhaps the most significant success that have been achieved to date is in medicine.4 Human body parts,including a beating heart,have been made with 3D printing technology.5 A new 3D-pr
18、inted shell has been given to a turtle injured in a forest fire!Activity 5:Imagine you are Dr Moore.Look at the pictures and tell the police about the damage and loss to your lab.Use the present perfect passive where appropriate.The lock on the door has been broken.The window has been broken.My two
19、laptops have been stolen.Beakers and test tubes have been destroyed.The book case has been opened,and some files have been taken away while others have been thrown everywhere.The robot has been damaged.A pair of gloves have been left in the lab.目标二：目标二：To use the words and phrases describing careers
20、 in science correctlyActivity 1:Look at the pictures and answer the questions.physicist mathematicianchemist astronomergeographer biologist1.What do you know about these careers?1 A physicist is a person who does research connected with physics or who studies physics.2 A mathematician is a person wh
21、o is trained in the study of numbers and calculations.3 A chemist is a person who does research connected with chemistry or who studies chemistry.4 An astronomer is a scientist who studies the stars,planets,and other natural objects in space.5 A geographer is a person who studies the geography or is
22、 an expert in it.6 A biologist is a person who studies or works in the field of biology.2.What famous scientists can you name in these fields?Physicist:Isaac Newton 艾萨克牛顿;Albert Einstein 阿尔伯特爱因斯坦Mathematician:Zu Chongzhi 祖冲之;Hua Luogeng 华罗庚Chemist:Dmitri Mendeleev 德米特里伊万诺维奇门捷列夫;Alfred Bernhard Nobel
23、 阿尔弗雷德伯纳德诺贝尔 Astronomer:Zhang Heng 张衡;Galileo Galilei 伽利略伽利雷Geographer:Xu Xiake 徐霞客;Pei Xiu 裴秀Biologist:T.C.Tung 童第周Activity 2:Complete the introductions about different scientists with the words in the Activity above.Pay attention to the language that describes their careers.Learning to learnWords
24、about different careers in science can be formed by adding-er,-ist or-ian at the end of the words about subjects,eg biology biologist.Guo Shoujing(1231-1316)was a famous Chinese 1_ of the Yuan dynasty.He invented twelve new instruments to study stars and planets.He also developed a calendar which is
25、 as accurate as the Gregorian calendar.A mountain on the Moon and a minor planet are named after him.British 2_ Charles Darwin(18091882)is best known for his work On the Origin of Species,in which he explains changes in species due to natural selection.His ideas deeply influence our understanding of
26、 the relationship between humans and nature.astronomerbiologistLi Daoyuan(ca 466-527)was a famous writer and 3_ of the Northern Wei Dynasty.He did field research across China and studied more than a thousand rivers and streams,along with the landscape,history and culture of the surrounding areas.Mar
27、ie Curie(18671934)was a world-famous 4 _,and was first awarded the Nobel Prize in 1903 for her extraordinary work on radioactivity.She was also regarded as a brilliant 5_,and was again awarded the Nobel Prize in 1911 for the isolation of pure radium.Chen Jingrun(19331996)was one of the worlds leadin
28、g 6_.His work on Chens Theorem made an important advance towards proving Goldbachs Conjecture(哥德巴赫猜想),the greatest unsolved problem in number theory.geographerphysicistchemistmathematiciansActivity 3:Work in pairs.Think about other careers in science and discuss what interests you most.Im interested in the work of a(n).because.学习总结学习总结1 Can you summarize the usage of present perfect voice?2 Can you list careers in science as many as possible?
