1、Unit 3Period 4 Extended reading新 课 导 入 What are friends like?MottosFriends are like books.You dont need a lot of them as long as they are good.Friends are like stars.You dont always see them,but you know theyre always there.Friends are like wine;the older,the better.Friends are like diamonds,preciou
2、s and rare.Friendship is very_ to us.important课 堂 学 习PrereadingLook at the title and picture below and discussthe following questions.1)What is the main topic of the passage?2)Do you know the writer?Who is he?It is about friendship.Francis Bacon Of FriendshipFrancis Bacon(15611626)An English Renaiss
3、ance statesman and philosopher,known for his promotion of the scientific method and for his essays which show his sharp worldly wisdom.Francis Bacons essays was published in book form in 1597,1612 and 1625 and these were the first works in English that described themselves as essays.Most of the line
4、s from his essays have always been acclaimed as immortal quotes.What an essay is?Francis Bacons essays.Essays are brief,non-fiction compositions that describe,clarify,argue or analyze a subject.Go through the passage quickly and identify the structure of it.WhilereadingPara.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5
5、Para.6Introduction to the topic Detailed explanation of the fruitsConclusion Complete the mind map to show the argumentation.Fruit 1_ With the true friends,we feel free to _ our feelings.Sharing makes happiness _and a _ become halved.sharetake on greater meanings Comfort the hearttroubleFruit 2_ Our
6、 friend are better able to offer _ on our important decisions.Preparing to talk with a friend makes our thoughts _ and our understandings more _.clearerAdvise the headadvicethoroughComplete the mind map to show the argumentation.Complete the mind map to show the argumentation.Fruit 3Help us achieve
7、the goals we set for ourselves.So many things in life that can only be _ with the help of friends.Friends have different _.Friends can help us during life and,perhaps,even _.ideas and skillsachievedafter deathAppreciate some sentences rich in philosophical significance.1.More often that not,close fr
8、iendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel.The writer compares“the life journey”to“a rocky road”,which mean in our life there can be some challenges and difficulties ahead.If we have close friends whom we can turn to,they can help us solve these problems
9、and support us to go forward bravely.2.Here,friendship has a double advantage happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved!When we are with our friends,we share happiness and sorrow together.Ones happiness will bring enjoyment and joyfulness to his or her friend
10、 too.However,when meeting with trouble,we comfort,help and support each other,thus handling the problem together.PostreadingAWrite a summary of the essay.Use the following questions to help you.What are the three“fruits”of friendship?Why are they important?TipWriting a summary To write a good summar
11、y of a text,you should:circle the main points and key ideas in a text;express these ideas in your own words;not include supporting details or background knowledge;not include your personal opinion.Friendship is very important to us.It leads to self-improvement and helps us better walk the path of li
12、fe.Friendship has three fruits.First,we feel more comfortable when we share our feelings with our true friends,as they will understand us and allow us to express ourselves.Second,friends can help us think more clearly and offer solutions to problems.Third,friends are willing to support us to achieve
13、 our goals.However,we should carefully choose friends and develop friendships.Possible answerBHow do you know when to be independent and when to ask for the help of friends?Explain and support your opinion.We should try to deal with a problem on our own first before we turn to our friends for guidan
14、ce.Independent thinking gives us the freedom to search inside ourselves.We can share our thoughts with our friends and benefit from their opinions,but we alone are responsible for our decisions.Possible answer1.As we walk the“path of life”,we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts,for
15、quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement.当我们走在“人生的道路”上时,我们有时可能希望独自思考,因为安静的反思期可以带来个人的进步。【词汇精讲】在本句中reflection用作名词,意为“沉思”,还可以意为“反射;映像;反映”。e.g.The cat felt curious when she saw her own reflection in the mirror.【词汇拓展】(1)be lost in reflection陷入深思之中(2)reflect vt.映射;反射vi.思考reflect.in.在中反
16、映出/映照出reflect on思考,反省;回想2.As we walk the“path of life”,we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts,for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement.当我们走在“人生的道路”上时,我们有时可能希望独自思考,因为安静的反思期可以带来个人的进步。【句式剖析】for引导并列句表示原因【句式拓展】because,as,for,since 这几个词都是表示原因的连词,语气由强至弱依次为:becausesi
17、nceasfor,前面三个均为从属连词,引导原因状语从句;而for是并列连词,引导并列句。【点拨】1)because表示直接原因,它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的,其语气最强。常用来回答why的提问,一般放于主句之后,也可以单独存在。e.g.I stayed at home because it rained.2)since侧重主句,从句表示显然的或已为人所知的理由,常译为“因为”“既然”,语气比 because稍弱,通常置于句首,表示一种含有勉强语气的原因。e.g.Since he asks you,youll tell him.3)as是常用词,它表示的“原因”是双方已知的事实或显而易见
18、的原因,或者理由不是很重要,含义与 since相同,但语气更弱,没有since正式,常译为“由于,鉴于”。从句说明原因,主句说明结果,主从并重。e.g.As I had a cold,I was absent from school.4)for用作连词时,与 because相似,但它所表示的原因往往提供上文未交代过的情况。for不表示直接原因,表明附加或推断的理由,因此for被看作并列连词,它所引导的分句只能放在句子后部或单独成为一个句子,并且前后两个分句间的逻辑关系不一定是因果关系。其间用逗号隔开,且for不可置于句首,for的这一用法常用在书面语中,较正式。e.g.The days are
19、 short,for it is now December.前后两个分句间有一定的因果关系时(有时很难区分是直接原因,还是推测性原因),for与 because可以互换使用。e.g.I could not go,for/because I was ill.3.However,when we seek to be alone,we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world.然而,当我们试图独处的时候,我们必须小心,不要总是逃避到自己的世界里去。【词汇精讲】seek为动词,意为“寻找;寻求”。seek为不规则动词
20、,其过去式和过去分词都是sought。seek表示“试图;寻找;争取”的意思时,后接不定式作宾语。e.g.One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings.e.g.I have never sought to hide my views.【词汇拓展】seek ones fortune/fame追求财富/名誉;碰运气 seek after/for寻找;追求seek sth from sb向某人寻求某物seek to do sth(=try/
21、attempt to do sth)试图/企图做某事4.However,when we seek to be alone,we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world.然而,当我们试图独处的时候,我们必须小心,不要总是逃避到自己的世界里去。【词汇精讲】在本句中escape用作动词,意为“逃跑,逃脱”,还可以意为“避开,避免;被遗忘”;用作名词意为“逃离,逃脱”。e.g.The prisoner has escaped.e.g.Our escape was little short of miraculous
22、.【词汇拓展】(1)escape from 从逃脱/逃避escape from reality逃避现实escape into逃入escape(doing)sth避免(做)某事escape punishment=escape being punished 逃避处罚(2)make ones escape逃走a fire escape消防通道a narrow escape 死里逃生e.g.To my surprise,he could escape from that big fire.e.g.The thief jumped into a car and made his escape.5.Mor
23、e often than not,close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel.通常情况下,亲密的友谊会帮助我们铺平人生旅途中偶尔坎坷的道路。【词汇精讲】在本句中be meant to do sth意为“注定要做某事,应做某事”。e.g.This software is meant to protect computers from being attacked by viruses.【词汇拓展】(1)sth is meant for sth/sb某
24、物是为准备/设计的(2)mean to do sth打算做某事mean doing sth意味着做某事meant to have done=had meant to do本来打算做(实际上没做)e.g.She was meant for a teacher.6.As we live in social groups,there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.由于我们生活在社会群体中,我们可以享受友谊带来的许多好处。【词汇精讲】benefit为名词,意为“好处;益处”;它还可以作动词,意为“得益于;使受益”。e.g.Good
25、opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.【词汇拓展】sth benefit(s)sb某事对某人有益 sb benefit(s)from sth某人从某事中受益be of benefit to.对有益 for ones benefit为了帮助某人;为了某人的利益to ones benefit对某人有益 beneficial adj.有益的;受益的be beneficial to.(=be of benefit to.)对有益e.g.His health benefits greatly from daily e
26、xercise.=Daily exercise benefits his health greatly.=Daily exercise is of great benefit to his health.=Daily exercise is beneficial to his health greatly.7.Here,friendship has a double advantage happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved!在这里,友谊有双重优势幸福有更大的意义,分担
27、的烦恼减半!【词汇精讲】在本句中take on意为“呈现,具有”,还可以意为“承担;接受;从事;较量;开始雇用”等。e.g.If you are the monitor in class,you can take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously.【词汇拓展】take away 拿走;带走;夺走 take back 退回;拿回;归还take down记下;拆卸 take in 吸收;理解;欺骗take off 脱下;起飞;休假;(事业)腾飞 take out 取出;拔掉;带出去take over接管;
28、接任8.Indeed,the human heart depends on such opportunities for comfort and protection.的确,人类的心灵依赖于这种寻求安慰和保护的机会。【词汇精讲】在本句中comfort用作名词,意为“舒服;安慰”;还可以用作动词,意为“宽慰,抚慰”。【词汇拓展】(1)comfort sb安慰某人(2)in comfort舒服地 take comfort from.从中得到慰藉(3)comfortable adj.舒适的,(人)安逸的 uncomfortable adj.不舒服的,不安逸的discomfort n.不舒服;不安 c
29、omfortably adv.安逸地9.We often find it easier to recognize other peoples weaknesses than our own.我们经常发现辨认出别人的弱点比自己的容易。【词汇精讲】recognize是动词,意为“承认,意识到;认出;辨别出”。e.g.She didnt recognize me just now because I was wearing dark glasses.【词汇拓展】recognize sb/ones voice认出某人/听出某人的声音be recognized to be/as.被认为是It is re
30、cognized that.人们公认recognition n.认出;认识beyond(all)recognition(完全)认不出来10.We often find it easier to recognize other peoples weaknesses than our own.我们经常发现辨认出别人的弱点比自己的容易。【句式剖析】find it easier to recognize other peoples weaknesses是“find+宾语+宾补”的复合结构,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式to recognize other peoples weakness
31、es;easier为形容词作宾语补足语。【词汇拓展】课堂总结课堂总结Friendship is _ to us.(para 1)_“fruits”of friendship.(paras 2-5)We should carefully _ our friends and _the relationships.(para 6)importantthreechoosedevelopthe firstthe secondthe third_ the rocky road_ the path of life bettersmooth outwalkPart 1Part 2 Part 3Fill in the blanks and retell the passage.
