1、Unit 4Period 2 Grammar and usage新 课 导 入 A restrictive relative clause modifies a _,_or _ before it.We use relative pronouns or relative adverbs to introduce restrictive relative clauses.We use(1)_ for things,and(2)_ and _ for people.We can use(3)_ for both things and people.We use(4)_ to show posses
2、sion.whichwhothatwhosenounpronounnoun phrasewhom课 堂 学 习Do you have sleep problems?What are the effects of sleep disorders on physical health?课 堂 学 习Below is part of a magazine article about sleep problems.Find the sentences with restrictive relative clauses in the article and fill in the box below.T
3、he first one has been done for you.Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good nights rest?Unfortunately,your happy childhood is probably a thing of the past.A recent survey has found that many people suffer from sleep problems.Some are unable to fall asleep,some
4、wake up in the middle of the night,and others simply do not get enough sleep.One of the reasons why people fail to get a good nights sleep is pressure from school or work.Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems.In the short term,people with sleep probl
5、ems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating.In the long term,they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory,being overweight and suffering a heart attack.Sleep problems are especially dangerous for teenagers.They are still growing,and night is the time when their bodies grow faster.Te
6、enagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down,and their health suffers.So,if you have trouble getting a good nights sleep,it might be time to make some changes in your lifestyle.Working out the rules The relative adverb where refers to a place,the relative
7、 adverb when refers to _,and the relative adverb why refers to _.In more formal English,the relative adverbs where,when and why can be replaced by“preposition+_”timereasonwhich由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句定语从句也可以由关系副词(relative adverbs)when、where、why引导，关系副词在在定语从句中作状语。e.g.He enjoyed the four years when he studied i
8、n Suzhou.Thats the cinema where we often go and see films.1)用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+which”。I still remember the day when I first came to Nanjing.e.g.Mr Black was born in the year when World War broke out.=on which=in which 2)用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+which”
9、。e.g.This is the farm where we worked when we were young.The school where his mother teaches is in the west of the city.=on which=in which 3)用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+which”。e.g.There are several reasons why the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why he w
10、as late for school.=for which=for which 关系副词的作用连接：连接定语从句和主句 替代：关系副词=介词+which成分：在定语从句中一般作状语关系副词先行词充当从句的成分when表时间的名词/名词词组时间状语where表地点的名词/名词词组地点状语why表原因的名词原因状语用用适当适当的关系词填空。的关系词填空。1.October 1,1949 was the day _ the PRC was founded.2.The village has developed a lot _ my brother and I learned farming five
11、 years ago.3.Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.4.I dont believe the reason _ he gave me yesterday and thats the reason _ I called him just now.whenwherewhere(which/that)whyRewrite the following sentences using a relative adverbs or“preposition+which”.B1B Applyi
12、ng the rules1.I did not perform well at school last week.The reason was my poor-quality sleep.2.I miss those days.I used to sleep really well in those days.3.The hospital is near my home.I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems in that hospital.4.I still remember that afternoon.That afternoon
13、 I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.The reason why/for which I did not perform well at school last week was my poor-quality sleep.I miss those days when/in which I used to sleep really well.The hospital where/in which I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems is near my home.I stil
14、l remember that afternoon when/on which I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.The last part of the magazine article about sleep problems gives tips on how to sleep better.Complete the passage with correct relative pronouns,relative adverbs or“preposition+which”where necessary.B2Everyone kno
15、ws that the amount of quality sleep(1)_we get is important to us.How can we get a better nights sleep?Here are some tips for you.(which/that)Tip 1:Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day.This helps set the bodys “clock”.Try to stick to your sleep schedule at the weekend too,even t
16、hough weekends are probably the time(2)_ you feel like a lie-in.Tip 2:Make your bedroom a place(3)_ you feel comfortable.Your bedroom needs to be cool,dark and quiet so you can sleep soundly.when/at whichwhere/in whichTip 3:Avoid drinks(4)_ may keep you from sleeping,such as coffee and tea.Tip 4:Cle
17、ar your head of stress and worry from your day before bedtime.These negative thoughts are one reason (5)_ you stay awake after the light goes off.which/thatwhy/for whichRead the information below about World Sleep Day.Then write a short paragraph using restrictive relative clauses where necessary.Th
18、e beginning has been written for you.B3In a society where people are under a lot of pressure,sleep problems have become very common.In a society where people are under a lot of pressure,sleep problems have become very common.That is the reason why World Sleep Day is celebrated every year on the Frid
19、ay of the second full week of March.Its aims are to make people understand the importance of good and healthy sleep and to draw societys attention to sleep problems.It is a time when people have discussions and give talks about the importance of healthy sleep.Sample课堂总结课堂总结Do you know the usage of the relative adverb“when,where,why”in the restrictive attributive clause?
