2024年高考英语语法复习:动词时态和语态 讲义(含练习题及答案).docx

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1、2024年高考英语语法复习:动词时态和语态 讲义知识摘要 现在时 一般 过去时 将来时 进行时 动词的时态 现在 完成时 进行时 过去 完成时 动词 将来时 主动语态动词的语态 被动语态一般现在时考点梳理考点一、一般现在时的概念1. 一般现在时是表示经常或反复发生的动作, 常与always,sometimes,often,usually,every day/ week/ Sunday, never,seldom等。如:John usually goes home at five in the afternoon. 约翰常常在下午五点回家。2. 表示人或事物的特征、状态,多用系动词或状态词。如:

2、She is a teacher. 她是一名教师。3. 表示客观事实。如:The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。4. 在时间、条件状语从句中,如果主句为一般将来时、含有情态动词或者为祈使句时,从句用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。 Take an umbrella in case it rains tomorrow. If/Whenhecomes,Iwillletyouknow.考点二、一般现在时的基本用法一般现在时的构成及句式变化主要有含be动词和实义动词两种句型。1含有be动词的一般现在时句型 (1)肯定句:主语+be(

3、am/is/are)+其他,如: He is a good boy. 他是一个好孩子。(2)否定句:主语+be not+其他,如: They are not farmers. They are policemen. 他们不是农民,他们是警察。(3) 一般疑问句:Be+主语+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+be否定回答:No,主语+be+notAre you from China? 你是来自中国的吗?Yes, I am. /No, I am not.2含有实义动词的一般现在时句型。(1)肯定句:主语+实义动词+其他。(主语为第三人称单数时,动词也用第三人称单数形式,其余人称一律用动词原形)如:L

4、ingling goes to the library every week. 玲玲每周都去图书馆。(2)否定句:主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形+其他。 如: We dont often go to school by bus. 我们并不经常乘坐公共汽车上学。(3)一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+do/does./ 否定回答:No,主语+dont/doesnt. Does your father work in a hospital? 你爸爸是在医院里工作吗? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. (4)特殊疑问句:特

5、殊疑问词+do+主语(非第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他?特殊疑问词+does+主语(第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他?What do you usually do after school? 放学之后你通常做什么?考点三、动词原形变为动词第三人称单数变化规则动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则与可数名词单数变复数的规则大致一致。规 则例 词一般在动词词尾加-splay plays like likes read reads以s ,x ,sh ,ch , o 结尾的动词加-esgo goes wash washeswatch watches brush brushes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y改成

6、i 再加-esfly flies cry cries study studies carry carries温馨提示: have的第三人称单数为 has小菜一碟(1)一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。1. wash _2. match _ 3. guess _ 4. study _5. give _6. carry _7. fly _8. dance _ 9. go _ 10. finish _11. do _ 12. clean _二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _ (have) dinner at home.2. Scientists told us the ear

7、th (move) around the sun.3. If you _(finish) your homework, you can go out to play football. 4. Now my father _(ride) his bike to work every day instead of driving. 5. This machine _(not work). It hasnt worked for years. 6. I wont go to his party unless she_ (send ) an invitation.7. The father as we

8、ll as his three children _ (go) skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.8. Every few years, the coal workers _(have)their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. 9. Jenny! Do you know that one-third of the boys in our class_(like) the singer Zhang Shaohan? 10. We _ (go) to school

9、at Seven every morning.现在进行时考点梳理考点一、现在进行时的用法1. 表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。通常由表示“此刻”的时间状语(now,atthismoment),或通过Look/Listen!这两个提示语来表明此时此刻动作正在进行。如:Sheismakingafirenow.她正在生火。2. 现在进行时可以表示目前一段时间内一直在发生的动作,但是说话时不一定在发生,常和 these days , this week, at present等时间状语连用,这是现在进行时的“阶段性”特征。如:Theyareplantingtreesonthehillthesedays.

10、这几天他们正在山上种树。3. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。能这样用的动词并不多,通常是arrive, begin, come, do, drive, fly, go, leave, stay 等表示位置转移的动词。如:Where are you staying in Guangzhou? 你到广州后准备住在哪里?4. 常与always, constantly, forever等时间状语连用,表示不满或赞扬。Shes constantly complaining. 她不停地抱怨。 My brother is always leaving things about. 我弟弟总是乱丢东西。 考点

11、二、不用于进行时态的动词1. 表示存在状态的动词:appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on。 This backpack belongs to me. 这背包是我的。 2. 系动词:see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look,seem, remain等。 He seems rather angry with you. 看起来他很生你的气。3. 表示心理状态、情感的动作:like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mi

12、nd, wish, agree, mean, need。I dont think he will come tomorrow. 我想他明天不会来。 I still remember the days when we studied together. 我还记得我们一起学习的那些日子。 4. 表示瞬间动作的动词:allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。 I accept your advice. 我采取你的建议。温馨提示:有时这些动词的进行时态可表示心理状态的缓慢发展过程; 表示现在不断发展变化的事情。如:1. Shes understan

13、ding you better now. 她越来越了解你了。2. Its late AutumnThe weather is getting colder and colder. 现在是深秋了,天气变得越来越冷。考点三、现在进行时的句式结构主语+be动词(am, is, are)+ 动词ing+ 其他考点四、现在进行时的句式用法1. 肯定句:主语+be+动词ing+其他。如: I am reading books now. 我现在正在看书。2. 否定句:主语+be+not+动词ing+其他。如: She isnt flying kites in the park. 她现在不在公园里放风筝3.

14、一般疑问句:Be+主语+动词ing+其他?肯定回答:Yes, 主语+be. / 否定回答:No, 主语+be not. 如: Are you sending an email to your family? 你正在给你的家人发邮件吗?肯定回答:Yes, I am. / 否定回答:No, I am not (或者No, Im not)4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词ing+其他?如: What are you doing, Daming? 大明,你正在做什么?考点五、动词原形变为动词ing形式的变化规则一般在动词的词尾直接加ingplayplaying workworking do

15、doing以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加inghavehaving writewriting makemaking以重读闭音节结尾的动词,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词要双写这个辅音字母,再加ingswimswimming runrunning shopshopping stopstopping以ie结尾的动词,改ie为y加ingdiedying lielying小菜一碟(2)一、 写出下列动词的ing形式。1. clean_2. write_3. sing_4. run_5. swim_6. come_7. carry_8. take_9. play_10. visit_11. lie

16、_12. stop_二、用括号中动词的适当形式填空。1.WhereisZhangYan? She_ (talk)withherteacherintheteachersoffice.2. Alan, its late. Why not go to bed? Jenny hasnt come back yet. I _ (wait) for her. 3. It _(rain) hard outside. You have to stay at home. 4. Please turn off the TV. The baby _(sleep). OK. Ill go out for a walk

17、. 5. Look! Jack and his monkey _ (play)flying disk together in the garden. 6. Whats that noise? Oh, I forgot to tell you. The neighbours _(prepare) for a party. 7. Is this raincoat yours ? No,mine _(hang) there behind the door 8. He _ always _ (ask) such silly questions.9. May I speak to Mr. Morgan?

18、 Sorry, he _ (work) on the farm.10. Teachers Day _(come). We will prepare some gifts for our teachers.一般将来时考点梳理考点一、一般将来时的概念一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow(明天),soon(不久),next week(下周),next weekend(下周末),next year (明年),in two days(在未来的两天内),in three weeks(在未来的三周内),in the future(在未来),the day after to

19、morrow(后天),this afternoon(今天下午)等时间状语连用。如:I am going to play football tomorrow.我明天打算去踢足球。There will be a football match in our school next week. 我们学校下周将举行一场足球比赛。考点二、一般将来时的构成及用法1. will/ shall +动词原形 (shall 常用于第一人称将来时,此时可与will替换) 如:(1)表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态;事物的固有属性或必然趋 势。如: You will be better after taking

20、 this medicine.I shall be more careful next time.(2) 含有will的句型结构 a. 肯定句:主语+ will +动词原形+其他。如:I will play football tomorrow. 我明天将要去踢足球。b. 否定句:主语+ wont +动词原形+其他。如:I wont play football tomorrow. 我明天将不去踢足球。【温馨提示】:will和not的缩写是wont。c. 一般疑问句:Will +主语+动词原形+其他?肯定回答:Yes, 主语+will. 否定回答:No, 主语+wont. 如:Will you p

21、lay football tomorrow? 你明天将要去踢球吗?肯定回答:Yes, I will. 否定回答:No, I wont. d. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?如: What will you do tomorrow? 你明天将要做什么?(3) 祈使句+and/or+陈述句,这种结构中and后面的陈述句中只用will/情态动词+动词原形。Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway.Studyharder,andyouwillpasstheexaminations.2. be going to+动词原形(1) 表示打算、准备做的事。He is going to

22、be a host after he graduates .(2) 表示现在已有迹象表明即将发生、肯定要发生的事。 Look at the clouds. I think it is going to rain soon .(3) 含有be going to的句型a.肯定句:主语+ be going to +动词原形+其他。如: Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. 今天下午我将要去野餐。b. 否定句:主语+be+ not going to +动词原形+其他。如: Im not going to have a picnic this afterno

23、on. 今天下午我将不去野餐。c. 一般疑问句:Be +主语+ going to +动词原形+其他?肯定回答:Yes, 主语+be. 否定回答:No, 主语+be + not. 如: Are you going to have a picnic this afternoon. 你今天下午将要去野餐吗?肯定回答:Yes, I am. 否定回答:No, Im not. d. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句? What are you going to do tomorrow? 你明天将要去做什么?温馨提示:两者经常可以换用,但be going to 比较口语化,will 多用于书面语 : Wh

24、at will / is going to happen now? 如果是事先经过考虑的就用 be going to , 否则就用will. be going to 可用以条件分句, 表示将来时, 而 will 则不能,但will 作情态动词表示“愿意”时除外。.If you are going to call at Mr. Williams office , please send a message . 如果你要到威廉姆先生的办公室去的话,请你给他捎个信。2. If he will listen to me , I will give him some advice .如果他愿意听的话,我

25、将给他提几条忠告。3. be to do (1)表示“按计划或安排要做的事” When are you to leave for home? 你什么时候回家?温馨提示:这种结构也可用于一般过去时。was/ were to do sth.表示曾经划要做的事,但不表明计划是否被执行,或表示命运(即命中注定要发生的事);was/ were to have done sth.表示未曾实现的计划。I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.我感到紧张,因为我很快就要首次离开家了。We were to have to

26、ld you, but you were not in.我们本来想告诉你的,但是你不在家。(2) 表示“应该”,相当于should, ought to。 You are to report it to the police, 你应该报警。(3) 表示“想,打算”,相当于intend, want。 If we are to be there before ten, well have to go now. 如果我们要在10点前到那儿,我们现在就得走。4. be about to + 动词原形/ be on the point of + 动名词“be about to + 动词原形”及“be on

27、 the point of + 动名词”表示即将发生某事,“立即的将来”,因此,该结构不能与表示将来的具体时间状语连用,但常与并列连词when (= and at that time) 引出的分句连用,表示“即将做某事时突然另一事发生了”。它也不带有说话人的主观打算。 He is about to retire. 他将要退休了。 The plane is on the point of taking off. 飞机马上就要起飞了。温馨提示:(1)所谓“主将从现”,即主句表将来(不一定是一般将来时,祈使句、“情态动词+动词原形”也可以表将来),从句(包括时间、条件、让步状语从句)用现在时(不一定

28、是一般现在时,现在进行时,现在进行时、现在完成时也可以在这类句子中表示将来),如:Whatever you say, I will not change my mind. 无论你说什么,我都不会改变主意。(2) 有些动词如come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start等,其现在进行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作。如:Im leaving for Beijing next month. 下个月我计划去北京。(3) 某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事情,此种用法常常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。如:We must hurry

29、up. The first class begins at 8 oclock. 我们必须快点。第一节课将在8点开始。小菜一碟(3)一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. My sister _(climb) the mountain tomorrow.2. My sister wants a new dress. She _(wear) it to the party.3. There_(be)ameetingtomorrowafternoon.4. Charlie _(not work) here next month. 5. Ifthereisanychangetotheplan,I_(tel

30、l)youassoonaspossible.6. WearegladtohearthattheGreens_(move)toanewflatnextweek.7. Ifit_(not rain)thisSaturday,we_(go)forapicnic.8. Population experts predict that most people _(live) in cities in the near future. 9. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _(be) going to visit Beijing this s

31、ummer.10. Could you meet me at the station?Id like to, but I _(leave) for Shanghai tomorrow. 一般过去时考点梳理考点一、一般过去时的概念1. 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与 yesterday(昨天), just now(刚刚), last week/night/month/year(上周/昨晚/上个月/去年), ago (以前)等时间状语连用。如: I saw him in the park yesterday. 我昨天在公园里见到他。2. 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,常与often,

32、 usually, seldom等频度副词连用。 如: When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there. 当我在乡下时,我经常去拜访那里的老朋友。3. 表示过去的习惯性动作,除了用过去式外,还可以用used to或would来表示。 如:She used to study late into the night when she was in Senior Three. 她上高三时经常学习到深夜。 He would sit for hours doing nothing. 过去他常常一坐几个钟头什么事也

33、不做。知识拓展: 固定句型:Its ( high / about ) time (that) sb. did sth. 表示“(早就)到了该做某事的时候了” 如: Its (high) time that we left. 我们该走了。考点二、一般过去时的结构及用法一般过去时的构成及句式变化主要有含be动词和实义动词两种句型。1. 含有be动词的一般过去时句型(1) 肯定句:主语+was/were +其他 如:They were happy just now. 他们刚才非常的开心。(2) 否定句:主语+ wasnt/werent +其他 如:They werent happy just now

34、. 他们刚才不是很开心。(3) 一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+was/were. 否定回答:No, 主语+wasnt/werent.Were they at home just now? 他们刚才在家吗?Yes, they were. / No, they werent.2. 含有行为动词的一般过去时的句型(1) 肯定句:主语+行为动词的过去式(动词+ed)+其他 如:The old man lived in America last year. 这位老人去年居住在美国。(2) 否定句:主语+didnt +动词原形+其他 如: The old man d

35、idnt live in America last year. 这位老人去年没有居住在美国。(3) 一般疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+did. 否定回答:No, 主语+didnt. Did the old man live in America last year? 这位老人去年居住在美国吗?Yes, he did. / No, he didnt. (4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他? 如:What did Lucy do last weekend? 露西上周做了什么?温馨提示:当特殊疑问词充当主语时,句式结构为:特殊疑问词+动词过

36、去式+其他?如:Who went home yesterday? 昨天谁回家了?考点三、动词原形变为动词过去式变化规则规 则例 词一般在动词词尾加-edhelp helped walk walked work worked talktalked以不发音e结尾的动词,直接加-dlike liked love loved hope hoped skate skated以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,改y为i,再加-edstudy studied cry cried carry carried try tried末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-edplan planned

37、stop stoppeddrop dropped prefer preferred温馨提示:动词过去式的不规则变化可以参考附录部分。have的过去式为had小菜一碟(4)一、写出下列动词的过去式。1. is/am_ 2. are_ 3. fly _ 4. drink_ 5. go_ 6. make_7. does/do_ 8. dance _ 9.worry_ 10. eat_ 11. have _ 12. read _二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. She likes _(read) newspapers, but she _(not read) a book yesterday.2.

38、He _ (play) football now, but they _ (play) basketball just now.3. Have you ever been to Shanghai?Yes. I _(go) there with my father last year.4. I hear Mr. Zhang has gone to Beijing for a meeting. Really? Do you know when he _(leave)?5. My grandma used to _ (tell) us stories when I was young.6. Have

39、 you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?Yes, since she (join) the Chinese Society.7. Edward, you play so well. But I_(not know) you played the piano. 8. Have you read a book called Waiting for Anya ? Who _(write) it ?9. I _(give) little time to get ready for the test, so I wasnt confident at that tim

40、e. 10.Its (about) time that he_(fetch) his son from school . 过去进行时考点梳理考点一、过去进行时的概念过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作。I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。 考点二、过去进行时的句式结构主语+be动词(was/ were)+ 动词ing+ 其他1. 肯定句:主语 + was/were + 动词ing + 其他。如: I was cooking at 8 oclock last night. 昨晚八点,我在煮

41、饭。2. 否定句:主语 + was not (wasnt)/were not (werent) + 动词ing + 其他。如: They werent playing football in the park at that time. 他们没有在公园踢足球。3. 一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 动词ing + 其他?肯定回答:Yes, 主语+ was/ were. / 否定回答:No, 主语+was/were not. 如: Were you writing a story at that time? 你那时正在写故事吗?Yes, I was. / No, I was not 4

42、. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + was/ were + 主语 + 动词ing + 其他?如: What were you doing at 7 p.m. yesterday? 昨天晚上七点你在干什么?考点三、过去进行时的基本用法1. 表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻内正在进行的动作。如:I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. 我第一次遇到玛丽是在三年前,当时她在一家无线电商店工作。温馨提示:常与之连用的时间状语:at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday),from

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