1、高中英语语法专项突破第十讲谓语动词的语态教学目标一、 熟练分辨主动语态与被动语态（重点） 二、 掌握各个时态的被动结构（难点）三、熟记动词过去分词的规则及不规则变化（重点）知识框架学习内容 突破点：如何确定谓语动词的语态英语有两种语态：主动语态(active voice) 和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。1 > 动词语态的分类英语动词有两种语态: 主动语态和被动语态A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的 。The children
2、 ate the cake.B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的 。The cake was eaten by children.2 > 被动语态的构成被动语态由"助动词be done（及物动词的过去分词）"构成。如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be与主语的人称、数保持一致，并有时态的变化。如何从主动语态变为被动语态？1图示2口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动。3变换步骤：(1) 将主动句的宾语变为主语。注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为
3、主格。如：Tom killed himHe was killed by Tom. 汤姆杀了他。(2) 将动词改为“be过去分词”。注意：be动词与新主语相一致，时态不变。如：They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了 。(3)将主动语态的主语改为by放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。如：He sang a song. A song was sung by him他唱了一首歌。【深化拓展】主动变被动易错点分析1. 带有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，一般把 “人”提前做
4、主语；将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加to或for.Eg：我生日那天汤姆送我一件礼物。主动：Tom gave me a present on my birthday. 被动： .(间接宾语改为主语) &nbs
5、p; .(直接宾语改为主语)2.带to不定式作宾语补足语的复合宾语ask/tell/allow/encourage/promisesb. to do sth.结构： sb. be asked/told/allowed/encouraged to do sth.Eg：大多数小学要求学生学英语。主动：Most primar
6、y schools require the pupils to learn English.被动： .3.接动词原形做宾补的动词变被动语态使役动词(let, have, make等)或感官动词(see, hear, watch,等)在主动语态中后面接
7、的动词不定式省略to，改为被动语态时一定要补上to。I heard him sing in the next room. He sing in the next room. They made us do all kinds of work. We
8、 do all kinds of work.4.含有动词短语的句子变为被动语态时,要注意动词短语的完整性,动词后面的介词或副词不可遗漏。Eg：His request was turned down. 他的要求遭到拒绝。3 > 不同时态的被动结构一般现在时的被动语态 1. If he_ （give）enough time, he will come up with an ide
9、a.2. Such songs _ usually _ by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。3. Russian _ not _ in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。一般过去时的被动语态1. The window _ by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。 2. _ many trees _ on the hill yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗？ 3. About 100 houses were destroyed and another 2,500 &
10、nbsp; （damage）in the earthquake.一般将来时的被动语态 1.The classroom _ soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。 2.The work _ immediately. 这工作将马上做。 3.I （praise）if I finish the work within one day.现在进行时的被动语态1. The classroom _ now. 教室现在正在被打扫。2. A hosp
11、ital _ in the centre of the town. 镇中心正在兴建一家医院。 3. We cant use the bridge now, because it （repair）.过去进行时的被动语态1. The teaching plan _ at that time. 那时正在讨论教学计划。2. The house _ when we arrived at his home. 我们到他家时，他家房子正在粉刷。3. After school
12、 we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it （decorate）.现在完成时的被动语态1. Many foreign films _ on TV since last month. 上个月以来，电视中 播放了许多外国影片。2. a new training centre _ in our town
13、; 我们镇上新的培训中心建好了吗？3.Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement （reach）so far by the two sides.过去完成时的被动语态1. His newly written novel （translate）into English by th
14、e end of last month. 含情态动词的被动语态上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。2. She told me that she _（fire）by her boss. 她告诉我，她的老板已把她解雇了。3. Her homework _ when I got home. 我到家的时候，她的作业还没有完成。4. This Monday morning I was informed I （inform）as one of the three exchange students from
15、 our college.4 > 被动语态的特殊情况1. 不及物动词如happen, belong to, take place, break out等无被动语态。A traffic accident _(happen) just now.2. 连系动词无被动语态，如feel/smell/look/sound/taste等。Peking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.3. wash, write, sell, wear此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态,常用副词 well, easily修饰。The pen _(write) well. Can I use
16、 it for a while?The cars made in Shanghai _(sell) so well that you must order one months ahead. Silk clothes _(wash) well. ( It's easy to wash clothes made of silk . )4. need, demand, want(需要), require, be worth等后用动名词表被动。 need/demand/want/require/be worth doing
17、The desk needs (repair). The novel is worth (see) .例题评讲1Right now, the deer _ (watch) over by many volunteers. 2They_ (spot) by the police as they w
18、ere entering the bank. 3Breakfast _(serve) between 7:00 and 8:00 tomorrow morning, we'd better get up early.4Your passport _(return) to you when you check out of your hotel. 5In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _ (make) by scientists.6 The family _ (trap) on the roof by the
19、 flood yesterday. 7There is so much noise upstairsa party _ (hold) by some young people. 8Most of the wells in this village _ (pollute) up to now. 9It is said that laws _ (introduce) next year to protect ancient relics. 10According to reports, nowadays sharks _ (kill) at a surprising rate worl
20、dwide per year. 11More than $10 million _ (spend) carrying out the project by the end of last year. 12Over the past three years, the paintings _ (take) to more than 20 museums in the world. 13More than 30,000 yuan _ (raise) for the poor family since the foundation was founded.14The meeting that _ (h
21、old) now is of great importance. 15Generally, Charles Babbage _(consider ) to be the first to invent a computer. 16It is said that the number of employees _ (reduce)from 40 to 25. 17When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ (not decide) yet. 18The new generation of computers, with artif
22、icial intelligence, _ (develop) and perfected now. 19Kim was completely _ (wear) out after jogging in the hot sun all afternoon. 20Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can_ (classify)as “night owls.”21The dinner _ (eat) by the time Sam joined them. 22You cant see things clear
23、ly through a telescope unless it _ (adjust) correctly to your sight. 23I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _ (carry) out in the following two years. 24All the staff members agreed that the earned incomes _ (distribute) upon the principle of equality. 25No one w
24、ho has not received education and training in safety shall _ (permit) to work in the position. 26Bad customs and laws ought to _（abandon）, since they are inappropriate for the development of the society. 27This new film may_(adapt) from a novel by Jane Austen. 28When you visit our town next August,
25、a modern sports center will _(construct), for the National Games are to be held then. 29The master of the Coolidge, Henry Nelson, claimed he_（not warn）that the harbor was mined.30We were told that the carnival _ (hold)next week. 31They said the work _ (finish) in ten days. 32Every possible means _ (
26、use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.33Our class_( consist) of 23 girls and 29 boys. 34Your composition_（read）beautifully. Is it the one I saw you write yesterday? 35With a lot of homework _ (finish), the sleepy boy can't go to sleep as he wishes.36The broken compute
27、r needs_ (repair).37What the general manager said was worth _（write）down.38I dont think the windows need_ (clean) at this time of the night. 39We have made environmental policies for business _ (observe).40The young trees we planted last week require _(look) after with great care.归纳总结常用被动语态动词形式常用被动语
28、态动词形式一般现在时过去进行时一般过去时现在完成时一般将来时含有情态动词现在进行时综合题库.单句语法填空1."The little home 60 （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. 2.The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 61 (build) originally to
29、 protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).3.It is calculated by dividing a persons weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 59 (consider) healthy. 4.Readers 59 （encourage）to co
30、ntinue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume.5.Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they 24 (throw) away.6.The parts of a museum open to the public 65 (call) galleries or
31、rooms.7.The artist was sure he would 58 (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old man laughed8.We have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct)9.People tend to focus on the first f
32、actor. However, greater attention should 69 (place)on longevity(长寿). ）10. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.单句改错1. The World Adolescent Robotics C
33、ompetition will held in Shanghai at the end of July. 2. During my second year at the
34、 city college, I told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits3. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. 4. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high
35、 school and became a new member of the school music club. 5. He was slipped on it and fell down. 6. With the development of technology, more and more consumers are given up traditional payment methods for digital currency.7. We brought about 1,000 books and 5, 000 yuan to the school, which donated b
36、y the teachers and students in our school 8. After we seated at the table, she suddenly felt a pain in her stomach 9. My cell phone doesn't workIt is repaired at the shop10. Stored goods have a fixed price, but how to measure the discount hasn't decided yet11. The global population expected
37、to grow to 96 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels12. During my second year at the city college, I told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits13.E
38、very one of you are encouraged to visit it.14.The voluntary activity was offered us an opportunity to contribute to our society.15.When we arrived, we were warmly welcome by them.16. Since last winter, the smog has been occurred a lot of times.17. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.18. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.19. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.第 9 页 共 9 页
