1、江苏省镇江市实验高级中学20232024学年高二下期末考试英语试卷一、阅读理解Planning a trip to the seaside this 2024? Are you looking for hotels near the beach? Then why not book one of our rooms and enjoy a relaxing stay with us? We can guarantee you a refreshing stay. So all you need to do is arrive and settle in.Pavilion Hotel Catal
2、ina Island513 Crescent Ave, Avalon, CA 90704Catalina Island is the perfect destination for a family holiday and Pavilion Hotel is a perfect spot on the island. Pavilion Hotel is only 14 steps from a Catalina beach and offers a big daily continental breakfast and a nightly wine and cheese hour free o
3、f charge. There is so much to do, such as biking, hiking, swimming, and boat tours.Venice Breeze Suites2 Breeze Ave, Venice CA 90291Venice Breeze Suites is a hotel right on the Venice Beach boardwalk that offers a fun atmosphere. The hotel is located in a classic oceanfront building in the heart of
4、a bicycle-friendly urban beach community filled with unique places to go, such as the Venice Canals, Skate Park and Muscle Beach.Pacific Edge Hotel647S Coast Hwy, Laguna Beach, CA 92651There is no place quite like Laguna Beach for a perfect family vacation. Pacific Edge Hotel offers the comforts of
5、home. The hotels facilities include lounge chairs, umbrellas, beach towels, two heated pools, and a ping-pong table.Malibu Beach Inn22878 Pacific Coast Hwy, Malibu, CA90265Located along the seashore nicknamed “Billionaires Beach”, Malibu Beach Inn offers you complete relaxation. Each of the 47 well-
6、 equipped rooms has a private balcony. Youll also be just steps away from Malibu Landmarks, high-end shops which offer fancy gifts and rough hiking trails leading to wild watersports and the beach.1What can you do in Pacific Edge Hotel?ATaste free cheese.BPlay table tennis.CEnjoy a big breakfast.DDr
7、ink wine in the evening.2Which is the best place for those who want to buy souvenirs?AVenice Breeze Suites.BPacific Edge Hotel.CMalibu Beach Inn.DPavilion Hotel.3What do the four hotels have in common?AThey are all near the beach.BThey are all bicycle-friendly.CThey all have a balcony for relaxation
8、.DThey all provide water sports programs.For generations, the name Milton Hershey has been a well-known word closely connected with fine chocolate products throughout the country and around the world. He was born in 1857 on a farm near Derry Church, a small Pennsylvania community. Frequent family mo
9、ves interrupted his schooling and left him with limited education. He only completed the fourth grade.Following a four-year apprenticeship (学徒期) with a Lancaster candy maker, he established his first candy-making business in Philadelphia. That initial effort failed as did his next two attempts in Ch
10、icago and New York. However, he never gave up his hope to build up his own business. Returning to Lancaster in 1883, Hershey established the Lancaster Caramel Company, which quickly became an outstanding success. It was this business that established him as a candy maker and set the stage for future
11、 achievements.Hershey became fascinated with German chocolate-making machinery exhibited at the 1893 Worlds Columbian Exposition. He bought the equipment for his Lancaster plant and soon began producing various chocolate creations. Then in 1900, he sold the Lancaster Caramel Co. in order to focus en
12、tirely on his chocolate business.Three years later, Hershey returned to Derry Church to build a new factory. There he could obtain the large supplies of fresh milk needed to perfect and produce fine milk chocolate. Through trial and error, he created his own formula for milk chocolate. In 1903 he be
13、gan construction on what was to become the worlds largest chocolate plant. After its completion, Hersheys milk chocolate quickly became the first nationally marketed product of its kind.With Milton Hersheys success came a great sense of social responsibility. Hershey created a completely new communi
14、ty around his factory. He built a model town for his employees that included comfortable homes, an inexpensive public transportation system, a quality public school system and broad cultural opportunities. The town of Hershey continues to be a special place for its residents and a popular at action
15、for millions of visitors each year. Indeed, Milton Hersheys achievements do speak for themselves.4What stopped Hershey from having systematic school education?AHis familys continual relocation.BHis lack of interest in study.CHis failure to meet school requirements.DHis parents attaching little value
16、 to education.5Why did Hershey sell his Lancaster plant?AThe plant had suffered a huge loss.BThe produced candies were of low quality.CHis machinery business needed a lot of money.DHe decided to commit himself to chocolate production.6Which of the following best describes Hershey?AGentle and open-mi
17、nded.BDetermined and public-spirited.CHonest and generous.DHumorous and creative.7What can be the most suitable title for the text?AFailure is the mother of success.BMany hands make light work.CImpossible is nothing to a willing heart.DGreat hopes and good wills make great man.Imagine youre out for
18、an evening walk in a foreign city, looking to find a restaurant for dinner. If youre like most people, you will look for the busiest restaurant with the most diners because its popularity is bound to reflect on the quality of food and service.But is this true?In tourist areas, early diners have no m
19、eaningful clues as to which restaurant to choose, so they may have picked their evening eatery on a whim (一时兴起). Following passers- by may have misinterpreted their restaurant choice as a well- informed decision and blindly followed their example. This could have resulted in a snow- balling effect,
20、whereby ever-increasing numbers of customers were attracted to the restaurant in question, creating a false impression of approval. Therefore, following the example of others could have led to a suboptimal (次优的) dinner choice in an overcrowded restaurant.Blindly copying other peoples thoughts or cho
21、ices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “herd behavior (从众行为).” It is a frequent occurrence among humans as well as many other animals.Herding can appear to make a lot of sense. Average judgments of large groups of people often outperform individual choices. Furthermore, followin
22、g the crowd appears to offer protection and comfortafter all, theres “safety in numbers”while helping to maintain a favorable fame. Finally, following the herd reduces the effort needed to make a personal or unique decision; it is therefore an easy option.Herd behaviors, while common and easy to exp
23、lain, hold significant dangers. Contrary to the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, which emerges when the judgments of individual group members are independently collected to produce an average opinion, herd behaviors typically rely on so-called “information cascades”, where people take on others beliefs
24、 or copy their choices without critically evaluating the underlying reasons. This frequently leads to the imitation of irrational or simply stupid behaviors. As a result, herding can have many undesirable outcomes, including negative influences on consumer choices, like in the restaurant example abo
25、ve.It appears there is no quick and easy fix to resist the lure (诱惑) of herd behavior. Instead, long-term attitude changes may be necessary, which could involve individuals adopting more critical approaches towards their peers opinion, and questioning others behaviors as opposed to blindly following
26、 them.8How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed?ABy giving example.BBy presenting fact.CBy analyzing the cause and effect.DBy making comparison.9What is one reason why people tend to follow the crowd?AIt leads to average judgments.BIt brings a sense of security.CIt challenges a favorable reputation.DIt a
27、llows for better decision- making.10What does the underlined “information cascades” mean in Para 5?AAdopting others beliefs or choices without evaluation.BCritical evaluation of underlying reasons for choices.CAverage judgments formed by large groups of people.DIndependent collection of individual o
28、pinions and judgements.11What is the text mainly about?AFollowing the herd can greatly benefit us in various aspects.BIt is no easy task for people to resist the lure of herd behavior.CIt is necessary to think critically rather than follow the herd blindly.DThe busiest restaurant is not necessarily
29、the best one in tourist areas.What makes a person extra repulsive to a mosquito? It might be the scent of coconut. That was one of the findings of a small study published Wednesday in the journal iScience, which looked at whether different scented soaps made people more or less attractive to mosquit
30、oes.“Its a simple question with a very complex answer,” said the lead study author, Clement Vinauger, an assistant professor of biochemistry at Virginia Tech. “What really matters is how the chemicals in the soap combine with the chemicals of the individual person.”Everyone has the same chemicals, j
31、ust in different ratios, some more attractive to mosquitoes than others, said Ali Afify, an assistant professor of biology at Drexel University in Philadelphia, who wasnt involved with the new study. “Everything you use on your skin can make you more or less attractive to mosquitoes,” Afify added.To
32、 see which chemicals could tip the scales in either direction, four volunteers were each asked to wash with four different brands of soap. In each instance, the volunteer washed one forearm and left the other untouched and then wore nylon sleeves on both arms for one hour. They repeated the process
33、with the three other soaps. After the hour was up, the researchers removed the odor- soaked sleeves. They placed each sleeve in a cup and put the cups in a mesh cage full of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The scent in the cup that attracted the most mosquitoes was deemed most attractive.In the end, the t
34、eam identified four chemicals that were associated with being slightly more attractive to mosquitoes and three that appeared to repel them, but the results were generally weak and variable for all chemical scents tested except one: coconut. “Mosquitoes dont like coconut-scented products, so our safe
35、st bet is to use them,” Vinauger said.“Because odors are complex, a single scent or compound isnt likely to be merely responsible for how attractive a person is to mosquitoes. Some may play a bigger role, but there wont be just one that explains attraction,” said Christopher Potter, an associate pro
36、fessor of neuroscience at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Maryland who studies mosquito olfaction.12What is the main factor that determines how attractive a person is to mosquitoes?AThe type of soap they frequently use.BThe amount of carbon dioxide they send out.CThe chemical prod
37、uced by bacteria on their body.DThe combination of chemicals in their body scent.13What is the main purpose of Para 4?ATo explain the working principle.BTo present the actions of the volunteers.CTo introduce the process of the study.DTo make a comparison between different soaps.14What have the resea
38、rchers found about coconut- scented products?AThey can keep mosquitoes away.BThey have no effect on mosquitoes.CThey are more variable than other chemicals.DThey are slightly more attractive to mosquitoes.15What is Christopher Potters attitude towards the findings published in the journal iScience?A
39、SupportiveBObjectiveCPessimisticDUnclearThis is something that all of us have noticed countless times in our daily lives. Whether youre trying to read the fine print in a commercial or trying to make out a persons face from a distance it always helps to see better when you squint (眯起) your eyes. 16
40、Theres a common assumption that youre adding much stress to your eyeballs by squeezing them to make them work better. 17 If you think for a while, youll find squinting is a different matter. If squinting meant making your eyes become stress balls, wed all be in a lot of trouble. 18 When light hits a
41、n object, it bounces off its surface and enters our eyes. The light travels through the eye lens (晶状体). The lens then focuses the light rays, which fall on the retina (视网膜). A chemical present in the retina turns light into electric signals, which are then transmitted to the brain. The brain process
42、es the signals and ultimately allows us to see stuff.The act of squinting, quite obviously, alters the shape of the space through which light passes, which helps us form a clear image on the retina. Whats more, light from different directions enters and is subsequently perceived by the eye. 19 Howev
43、er, when youre trying to focus on something, if theres light entering from multiple directions, the lens will be overloaded. By squinting, focusing light rays becomes more precise.Squinting does not damage your eyesight. 20 Its one thing to occasionally squint in order to make out something far away
44、. But if you find yourself doing it all the time, getting your eyes tested should be your focus.AActually, thats not exactly the case.BHas it ever occurred to you why this happens?CSquinting does two major things to improve our vision.DHowever, doing it for long periods of time can lead to dry eyes.
45、ENormally, this is a great thing, as it feeds your situational awareness.FA number of biological components actually constitute the human eye.GBefore revealing the secret behind it, lets learn about how we see things.二、完形填空When light snow began falling, the principal kept a careful eye on the approa
46、ching storm. It soon took on qualities of something more terrible. By midday he called the school buses back so the kids could get home safely 21 it was too late.My students gathered their belongings, and felt 22 to be going home early. Then the buses arrived. 23 , the storm suddenly became heavier
47、and it was quickly clear that nobody was going anywhere any time soon. The original plan 24 . Over 300 children got 25 inside the school.As night approached and the storm showed no signs of stopping, we began to feel 26 . What would we feed several hundred children for dinner? Where would they sleep
48、? After every parent was 27 that their children were safe, people who lived close enough to 28 the bad weather were called and asked if they could help. Soon, a handful of people 29 to travel through the blinding snow, bringing bags of food and blankets. There wasnt much food, but everything was shared, nobody got hungry and nobody 30 . When night fell, we worked out sleeping arrangements for the kids. 31 by t
