1、牛津译林版九年级英语下册牛津译林版九年级英语下册 9B Unit 1 Asia 知识点总结知识点总结 一、重要词组或短语 1.continue to the end 坚持到最后 2.take a rest 休息一下 3.wake me up 叫醒我 4.on ones way back 在某人回去的路上 5.Chinese paper cut 中国剪纸 6.dragon dance 舞龙 7.get lost easily 容易迷路 8. the capital of 的首都 9.be attracted by 被吸引 10.the beautiful design of the buildi
2、ngs 建筑群的精美设计 11.a gate of heavenly peace 天界平安之门 12.be filled with tourists 挤满游客 13.watch the raising of the national flag 观看升国旗（仪式） 14.a famous Chinese-stlye garden 一个著名的中国式园林 15.spend the summer 避暑 16.consist of /be made up of 由组成 17.a man-made lake 一个人工湖 18.all over the area 遍及这个地区 19.run more tha
3、n 5,000 kilometres across northern China 横跨中国北方绵延 5000 多 里 20.one of the wonders of the world 世界几大奇迹之一 21.exerience its beauty and greatness 体验它的美和伟大 22.step by step 一步一步地 23.in the south of China 在中国的南部 24.lie on the two sides of Li River 座落在漓江两岸 25.in different shapes 形态各异 26.in strange shapes 奇形怪
4、状 27.see . with ones own eyes 亲眼所见 28.take a boat trip along Li River 乘船沿漓江游览 29.be open to the public 向公众开放 30.at sunrise 在日出时刻 31.get hot and sweaty 又热又流汗 32.every five minutes 每五分钟 33.in a hurry 匆忙地 34.leave Japan for other Asian countries 离开日本去亚洲其他国家 35.public transport services 公交设施 36.wish sb.
5、 a nice trip 祝某人旅途愉快 二、二、重点句子及句型： 1.Beijing is in northern China. 北京在中国的北部。 2.Unless you have a map, you will get lost easily. 除非你有地图， 否则你很容易迷路。 3.The emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties used to live here. 明清两代皇帝以前 住在这里。 4.You will be attracted by the beautiful design of the buildings, and the c
6、lothes and furniture that the emperors used in the past. 你会被建筑群漂亮的设计， 以及过去皇帝 们穿过的服装和用过的家具吸引。 5.It is the biggest square in the world and is always filled with tourists. 这是世界上最 大的广场，游人如织。 6.Every day many tourists gather here early in the morning so that they can watch the raising of the national fla
7、g. 每天，许多游客为了观看升国旗，一大早就聚集在这里。 7.It consists mainly of a hill and a man-made lake, with bridges, pagodas and halls all over the area. 它主要是由一座小山和一个人工湖组成， 里面到处建有桥、 塔和厅堂。 8.It is a long wall which runs more than 5,000 kilometres across northern China.它是一 道蜿蜒五千公里横跨中国北方的很长的城墙。 9.You can experience its beau
8、ty and greatness although it is very tiring to climb it step by step.虽然一步一步爬上去非常累，但你可以体验它的美丽和雄伟。 10.You cannot imagine how amazing they are unless you see them with your own eyes. 如果你没有亲眼看到它们，就不能想象它们是多么令人惊异。 三、语法讲解： 1.although 引导的让步状语从句： 1)although 相当于 though, 两词都是连词，引导让步状语从句。如： Although/Though shes
9、 young, she knows a lot. =Shes young, but she knows a lot. 尽管她年龄小，她却懂得很多。 Although/Though he is in poor health, (yet) he works hard. =Hes in poor health, but he works hard. 虽然他身体不好，但他还是努力工作。 Ill never give up English though it is difficult. =English is difficult, but Ill never give it up. 虽然英语很难，但是我
10、不会放弃的。 注意：连词 although 和 though 引导让步状语从句，主句前不能再用 but，但有时 可以用副词 yet 或 still。 当加强语气时，我们通常说 even though，而不说 even although。如： Although/ Though/ Even though she didnt understand a word of what he said, she kept smiling. 尽管他的话她听不懂一个字，她还是一直微笑着。 though 可以用于句末，although 则不可以。如： She knew all her friends would b
11、e there, she didnt want to go, though. 她知道她的所有朋友都会出席，但是她自己不想去。 2) even though 意为“即使” 、 “尽管” 、 “纵然” ，与 even if 意义相同，也引导让步 状语从句。如： Even though hes very nice, I dont really trust him. 尽管他很好，我并不真正信任 他。 （事实上“很好” ） Even if you are not fond of flowers, you shouldnt miss the flower exhibition.即使你 不喜欢花，这次花展你
12、也不应错过。 （假想“不喜欢” ） She wont leave the television set, even though her husband is waiting for his supper. 纵使她丈夫在等着吃晚饭，她也不愿意离开电视机。 Ill get there even if I have to sell my watch to get the railway fare.即使我必须卖掉 手表去买火车票，我也要到那里去。 注意：让步状语从句通常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用。 2.unless 引导的条件状语从句。 由于 unless 具有否定意义，因此它引导的是个否定的条件
13、（如果不） 。可以把 它看作是 ifnot 的同义表达手段。如： Unless he comes = If he doesnt come 如果他不来 Unless you work hard, you will fail. = If you dont work hard, you will fail. 如果你不努力工作，你会失败的。 注意：unless 从句，如同 if 从句一样，也要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： Unless it rains, well go hiking.如果不下雨，我们将去远足。 Unless he comes, Ill go instead of him.如果他不
14、来，我将代替他去。 3. so that 引导的目的状语从句 1)so that 引导目的状语从句，从句中通常带有 can, could, may, might, should 等情态 动词，以适用于目的。如： They worked very hard so that they could finish the work before supper. 他们拼命地干，想在晚饭前就把工作干完。 He walked by the side of the road so that he would not be hit by cars. 他在马路边行走，以免被车碰了。 注意： （1）so that
15、从句如为否定结构，则谓语动词中多用情态动词。 （2）so that 引导的目的状语从句，可转换成 in order that 引导的目的状语从句。若 从句主语与主句主语一致， 还可用 in order to (do) 或 so as (to do) 改成同义简单句。 如：They worked very hard so that they could finish the work before supper. = They worked very hard in order that they could finish the work before supper. = They worke
16、d very hard in order to finish the work before supper. = They worked very hard so as to finish the work before supper. 2)so that 引导的状语从句也可表示结果， 这时 so that 从句中根据句意可用或不用情 态动词。 如： They worked very hard so that they finished the work before supper. 他们拼命地干，结果他们在晚饭前就把工作干完了。 He got up very late this mornin
17、g so that he was late for school. 今天早晨他起得很 晚，结果他上学迟到了。 3)句型 sothat表示“如此以致于” ，so 修饰形容词或副词，that 引导的 从句作状语，表示结果。如： The question is so difficult that nobody in our class can answer it.这个问题如此难， 我们班上谁也答不上来。 The shoes are so small that I cant wear them.这双鞋小得我都穿不上。 The ice is so thin that you cant walk on i
18、t.冰太薄，你不能在上面走。 The shirt cost so much that I didnt want to take it.那件衬衫太贵，因此我没有买。 四、语言点讲解： 1.There are too many hills, and my feet are very tired. 1)too many 后接可数名词复数形式，表示“太多的” too much 后接不可数名词，表示“太多的” ；too much 也可单独使用，相当 于一个代词，在句中作表语或宾语。too much 还可修饰动词，相当于副词用法， 在句中作状语，表示“过于” ， “太多” 。 much too 修饰形容词
19、或副词，表示“非常，太过” ，如： There are too many people in the supermarket on Sundays. 每逢星期天，超市里就有大量的人。 Dont make too much noise. 别太吵闹。 Its much too hot.今天实在太热了。 2)tired 通常指人“疲劳” “疲倦” ；tiring 指“令人疲劳的” ，这两个词在句中可作 定语、表语或宾语补足语。如： She was tired after a hard days work.她辛劳了一天，感到疲倦。 The work is tiring. Its tiring work
20、. 这工作很累人。这是累人的活。 注意：Hes tired from the work. 是“这一工作使他很累”之意；而 Hes tired of the work.是“他对这一工作感到厌倦了”之意。 2.Although theres still a long way to go, we must continue to the end. continue + doing sth./ to do sth./ with sth. 继续做某事，如： If the pain continues, see your doctor.如果疼痛持续，你得找医生诊治。 He continued workin
21、g / to work late into the night. 他继续工作直至深夜。 I shall continue with the lessons after the exam. 我会在考试后继续上课。 The next day we continued our journey.第二天我们继续旅程。 3.Wake me up on your way back.在你回来的路上叫醒我。 1)wake up 醒来；唤醒，叫醒，弄醒 The boy wakes up early in the morning. 那孩子早晨醒得早。 Could you wake me up at 7:00 tom
22、orrow morning, please? 明早 7 时请你唤醒我好吗？ 2)on ones way 意为“在途中” “在路上” ，在使用时它常有以下三种搭配形式： (1)on ones way to +地点名词。如： When l saw them, they were on their way to the cinema. 我看见他们时，他们正在 去看电影的路上。 (2)on ones way +地点副词。如： He met an old friend on his way home. 回家的路上他遇见了一位老朋友。 Oh her way here, she found a bag on
23、 the ground. 在来这儿的路上，她在地上发现了一只包。 (3)on ones way +动词不定式。如： On my way to go swimming, I lost my watch. 在我去游泳的路上，我丢了我的手表。 4.Unless you have a map, you will get lost easily. 如果你没有地图，你很容易迷路。 1)unless 连词，相当于 ifnot, except if, 意为“如果不，除非” ，所引导的从句中 常用一般现在时表示将来的动作，如： I shall go there unless it rains. 如果不下雨，我将
24、到那里去。 I will not go unless I hear from him. 如果他不通知我，我就不去。 2)get lost 迷路，走丢。get 为连系动词， lost 是动词 lose 的过去分词作表语。如： He got lost in the snowstorm.=He lost his way in the snowstorm. 他在暴风雪中迷了路。 Their girl got (was) lost in the crowd. = They lost their girl in the crowd. 他们的女儿在人群中走失了。 5.The emperors of the
25、Ming and Qing dynasties used to live here. 明清两朝的皇帝们过去就住在这儿。 used to do, be used to doing 和 be used to do 1)used to do 表示“过去常常做某事” ，言外之意就是现在已不再如此，因此没有现 在式，后面总是跟不定式。如： It used to be a very rich village.这个村子以前很富。 We used to help him a lot when he first came here. 他刚来时我们经常给他以帮助。 注意：used to 构成疑问时可借助于助动词
26、did 或直接将 used 移至主语之前。如： Did you use to see each other? = Used you to see each other? 你们以前经常相互见面吗？ used to 在构成否定时可借助于 didnt，也可直接在 used 后面加 not 构成。如： She didnt use to drink. = She used not to drink.她过去不常喝酒。 2)be used to +名词或动名词表示“习惯于某事或做某事” ，这里 to 为介词，后面的 动词须用-ing 形式，句子的主语通常是“人” 。如： Im really not used
27、 to such close and wet weather. 我实在不习惯这样闷热且潮湿的天气。 His grandparents has been used to living in the country. 他的祖父母已习惯于生活在农村。 注意：连系动词 get, become, grow, seem 等可用来代替 be, 和 used to 连用，强调习 惯的逐渐过程。如： Youll get used to that in time.你很快就会对此习惯的。 Ive become used to such food.我已习惯吃这样的食品。 3)be used to 表示“被用来做某事”
28、 ，这里 be used 是被动语态，后面接不定式，主 语通常是“物” 。如： This room is used to store rice.这个房间是用来存放稻谷的。 6.The word Tiananmen means a gate of heavenly peace. “天安门”这个词意思是 “天堂般安宁之门” 。 1)mean 意为“意思是” “有的意思” “指的是” 。如： What do you mean? I mean nothing else. “你是什么意思？” “我没什么别的意思。 ” 2)mean 后面可接名词、代词、动词-ing 形式或 that 从句，意为“意味着”
29、 “就是” 。 如： It means that we can enjoy cleaner air. 那也就是说人们能享受更干净的空气了。 In my opinion, smoking means buying death with money. 在我看来，吸烟就是用钱买死亡。 3)mean 常用于一些句型中，如： What do you mean by saying so? 你这么说是什么意思？ What does she mean by that? 她那是什么意思？ 4)mean 的名词形式为 meaning，意为“意思” “含义” 。meaningful 是形容词，意为 “有重要意义的”
30、 。meaningless 也是形容词，意为“无意义的” 。如： He looked at me with meaning.他意味深长地看着我。 Whats the meaning of this? 这是什么意思？ 7.It is the biggest square in the world and is always filled with tourists.它是世界上最大 的广场，而且总是充满了游客。 1)be filled with = be full of 指状态，表示“放满了” “装满了” ，主语常为“物 （容器） ” 。 如： The room is filled with ev
31、erything. 房间里堆满了一切。 Their stockings were filled with(= were full of ) Christmas presents(= gifts). 他们的袜子里放满了圣诞礼物。 8.It is a famous Chinese-style garden built in a natural landscape.它是一个建在自然风 景区的著名的中国式园林。 built in 过去分词短语作定语，在意思上相当于一个定语从句，修饰前面的名 词 garden。类似这种表达的还有： We live in a place called ( = which/
32、that is called) Gum Tree.我们住在一个叫桉树村的 地方。 There was a man named ( = who/that was named) Joseph and his wife named( = who/that was named) Mary.有个叫约瑟夫的男人，他的妻子叫玛利亚。 It was the first newspaper sold(= that was sold) on trains in America. 这是美国在火车上销售的第一份报纸。 Is there anything planned( = that has been planned
33、) for tonight? 今晚有什么活动安排吗？ Whats the language spoken( = which is spoken) in that area? 这个地区讲的是什么语言？ There are problems left(= which have been left) over by history. 这些是历史遗留下来的问题。 Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed( = who/that was dressed) in green. 突然出现一个穿绿衣服的年轻女子。 9.In the past, the empe
34、rors used to spend the summer here.过去，皇帝们经常在这儿避 暑。 spend 度过 spend 通常用人作主语，除了表示“花钱、时间”之外，还可意为“度 过” 。如： Where are you going to spend your holiday? 你打算去哪儿度假？ spend 后接时间或钱+on sth.意为“在上花时间或钱” ； spend 后接时间或钱+(in)doing sth.意为 “花时间或钱做某事” 其中介词 in 可以省略。 如： She spends too much money on clothes.她在衣服上花太多的钱。 I sp
35、ent 200 dollars on this digital cameras.我花了两百美元买了这部数码照相机。 How much did you spend on this shirt? 你买这件衬衣花了多少钱? Does he spend much time playing computer games?他花许多时间玩电脑游戏吗？ cost 的主语为事物或形式主语，宾语为金钱或时间等，cost 不用于被动语态。如： The car cost (him) too much. 这辆小车花了（他）很多钱。 The watch cost me more than one hundred doll
36、ars.这块手表花了我一百多美元。 take 的主语多是代替后面动词不定式的形式主语 it, 也可以是人或某项活动，常用 句型为 It takes/took(sb.)some time to do sth., 意为 “花费 （某人） 的时间做某事” 。 如： It took me three days to finish reading the novel. 我用 3 天时间看完了那本小说。 It takes me over an hour to do my homework every day. 我每天花费一个多小时做作业。 The flight from Shanghai to Los A
37、ngeles takes more than fourteen hours. 从上海飞往洛杉矶需要 14 小时以上。 Pay 的主语只能是人， 常用 pay(sb.)(some money) for sth. 的结构， 意为 “付 （某人） 钱买某物” 。如： She paid ten yuan for the book. 她花了十元钱买这本书。 I paid him 1,000 dollars for that second-hand car. 我付给他一千美元买那辆二手车。 10.It consists mainly of a hill and a man-made lake, with
38、bridges, pagodas and halls all over the area.它主要由一座山和一个人工湖组成， 整个区域有一些桥、 宝塔和走廊。 consist of sth.相当于 be made up of 意思为“由组成” ，如： The band consists of a singer, two guitarists and a drummer.这支乐队由一位歌手、 两位吉他手及一位鼓手组成。 This school consists of an office and some classrooms.这所学校由一个办公室和几 间教室组成。 11.It is a long
39、wall which runs more than 5,000 kilometres across northern China.它是 一段长长的城墙，横穿中国北部，绵延 5000 多公里。 across, through, over：三者均可作“穿过” “越过”解。但是，across 表示动作在某 物的表面进行；through 表示动作在某一事物内部进行；over 表示从某物的上方越 过。如： Go across the bridge, then you will find the post office. 过了桥，你就会看到邮局。 Be careful when you go across
40、 the road. 过马路时要小心。 This road goes through the forest. 这条路穿过森林。 I can see you through the window.透过窗户我可以看到你。 Go over the hill and you will find them. 翻过这座小山，你就会找到他们的。 12.It lies on the two sides of Li River.它位于漓江两岸。 lie 意思是“处于某位置” ，如： The hills lie to the north of the town.小镇的北面有山。 lie, lie, lay 三个动
41、词很容易使人混淆。 lie（说谎）是规则动词，其过去式和过去分词都是 lied, 现在分词为 lying。当 然 lie 也可以用作名词，意为“撒谎” 。 lie（躺，位于）是不规则动词，其过去式为 lay，过去分词为 lain，现在分词 为 lying。 lay（下蛋，产卵）也是不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词都是 laid，现在分词 为 laying。如： I would never lie to you.我永远不会对你撒谎。 I could tell from her face that she was lying.我能从她脸上判断出她在撒谎。 Of course its true. I
42、wouldnt tell you a lie.当然它是真是。我不会对你撒谎。 He found an old man lying on the ground on his way home.在他回家的路上， 他发现 一位老人躺在地上。 The hen usually lays an egg every day, but she didnt lay today.那只母鸡通常每天下 一个蛋，但今天却没下。 13.All around the city, mountains stand in different shapes you have probably seen some Chinese p
43、aintings of the landscape.桂林城四周群山耸立，形态各异你 可能已经看过相关的一些中国山水画。 shape 和 form in different shapes 表示 “形状各不一样” 。 这里要注意介词 in 和名词 shape 的搭配。 如： My garden is in the shape of a square.我的院子是方形的。 Now radios are made in many different shapes.现在收音机制造的形状各不一样。 form 表示较抽象的“形式” ，而 shape 则强调具体“形状” 。试比较： I dont like an
44、y form of exercise.我不喜欢任何形式的运动。 Whats the shape of the table, round or square?那桌子是什么形状， 圆形的还是方形 的？ 14.You cannot imagine how amazing they are unless you see them with your own eyes. see sb./sth. with ones own eyes 意为“亲眼所见” hear sth. with ones own ears 意为“亲耳所闻” ，如： I saw President Hu with my own eyes
45、 last year. 去年我亲眼见到了胡主席。 I saw the sing and dancing parade on the street.我在大街上亲眼目睹了歌舞游行。 15.You can hire a bicycle from the bus station and ride around Guilin very safely. 你可 以从汽车站租一辆自行车非常安全地绕城骑行。 hire sth. from sb./sp. 从某人（处）租某物 We hired a car for the day. 为那天用车我们租了一辆。 He hired a suit from the shop
46、 for the wedding. 为了婚礼他从商店里租了一套礼 服。 16.Its famous for its beautiful mountains and wonderful caves. 它以美丽的山脉和奇 妙的溶洞而著名。 1)be famous for = be known (或 well-known) for，表示“因而著名”或“因 而广为人知” 。如： Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches. 夏威夷是以美丽的海滩而出名。 France is famous for its fine food and wine. 法国以精美的食物和
47、葡萄酒著名。 OHenry was famous for writing short stories. 欧亨利是以写短篇小说出名的。 2)be famous as 后跟身份或职业。如： OHenry was famous as a short-story writer. 欧亨利是以短篇小说家身份出名的。 Gongli is famous as an actress. 巩莉是作为女演员而出名的。 17.Although there was a train every five minutes, it was still very crowded.尽管每五分 钟就有一班火车，但仍然很拥挤。 1)e
48、very five minutes 意为“每五分钟” every +数词+复数名词，表示“每（隔）多少时间或距离” ，指动作发生的频率， every 在这里不能用 each 代替。如： He goes home every two weeks. 他每两周回家一次。 She writes to her parents once every two months. 她每两月给父母写一封信（可为她每隔一月） 注意： （1）这个结构中如果要译为“每隔” ，在表示时间时，汉语要减一，但 在表示距离时，英汉互译数字是一致的。如： There is a tree every three metres.每隔三
49、米有一棵树。 （2）every other表示“每隔” 。如： He goes to see a film every other day.他每隔一天去看一场电影。 We go to visit our grandparents every other year. 我们每隔一年去看望我们的祖父母一次。 2)crowd, 动词，意为“拥挤” “聚集” 。如： Many students crowded in the front of the classroom. 许多学生挤在教室的前面。 crowd round 意为“围着” ，而不是“挤”的意思。如： Dont crowd round him.别围着他。 crowded 形容词，意为“密集的” “挤得满满的” 。常用结构为 be crowded (with)， 表示状态，意为“挤满了” “充满着” 。如： The room was crowded with colourful flowers. 房间里充满了五颜六色的花。 The street is crowded with all kinds of traffic. 街道上挤满了各种各样的车辆。 18.leave Japan for other Asian countries 离开日本去亚洲
