1、Unit 5 Humans and Nature Race to the Pole 1.explore explore作动词,常表示“探险;探讨”等含义。作动词,常表示“探险;探讨”等含义。 例句研习例句研习 读下面的例句,翻译划线部分。读下面的例句,翻译划线部分。 (1) He explored and took photos of the great forest._ (2) Volunteer activity among college students is explored in this article. _ (3) The study has achieved many goa
2、ls, but there are still several areas that should be further explored. _ (4) This city has many places of interest and is a great place to explore. _ 探险探险 探讨探讨 探讨探讨 探险探险 explorer n. 探险者;考察者探险者;考察者 exploration n. 探索;探究探索;探究 用用explore的适当形式完成下列句子。的适当形式完成下列句子。 1) Christopher Columbus was seen as one of
3、the greatest _. 2) An astronaut will give a speech about his space _ in the theatre this weekend. 3) Please _ all the possibilities before you make a decision. 2.preparation n.准备准备 in preparation for 表示表示为为.做准备做准备。 We are getting things together in preparation for the journey. 我们正在收拾东西准备旅行。我们正在收拾东西准
4、备旅行。 make preparations for 为为.做准备做准备 They have made preparations for what will happen. 他们已为将要发生的事情做了准备。他们已为将要发生的事情做了准备。 prepare v. 准备准备 1)prepare sth.表示表示准备准备., Our English teacher was preparing the lessons when I came into the office. 我进办公室时,我们的英语老师在备课。我进办公室时,我们的英语老师在备课。 2)prepare sb. sth.表示表示给给.准备
5、准备.,= prepare sth. for sb.。 She prepared us a nice breakfast. = She prepared a nice breakfast for us. 她给我们准备了可口的早餐。她给我们准备了可口的早餐。 3)prepare sb. for sth.表示表示使某人对某事有所准备使某人对某事有所准备。She said so because she wanted to prepare her father for the bad news她这样说是她这样说是 因为她想使爸爸对那个坏消息有所准备。因为她想使爸爸对那个坏消息有所准备。 4)prepa
6、re to do sth.表示表示准备做准备做.。 They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain. 他们正准备过河,突然下雨了。他们正准备过河,突然下雨了。 3.ski n. 滑雪橇滑雪橇 复数复数 skis v. 滑雪滑雪 adj. skiable 名称名称 skier 时态时态 skied,skiing,skis ski run滑雪道滑雪道 ski resort 滑雪胜地滑雪胜地 go skiing 去滑雪去滑雪 4.captain n. 首领;队长;船长首领;队长;船长 And theyll find that
7、their bold captain is nowhere to be found 但他们再也找不到他们豪勇的首领了。但他们再也找不到他们豪勇的首领了。 The captain led our team to victory. 队长带领我们队取得了胜利。队长带领我们队取得了胜利。 vt. 指挥;率领指挥;率领 Strong leadership is needed to captain the team. 担任这个队的队长需要强有力的领导才能。担任这个队的队长需要强有力的领导才能。 Who will captain the team? 谁率领这支球队?谁率领这支球队? 5.base n. 底部
8、;基地;基础;底部;基地;基础; vt. 以以 . 作基础作基础 base onupon 使建立在使建立在基础上基础上 I base my hopes on the news I had yesterday. 我的希望是以我昨天得到的消息为根据的。我的希望是以我昨天得到的消息为根据的。 basic adj 基本的基本的 基础的基础的 The family is the basic unit of society. 家庭是社会的基本单位。家庭是社会的基本单位。 6.有关有关break词组:词组: break in 突然进来,强行进入。突然进来,强行进入。 He broke in and stol
9、e my money. 他闯进来偷了我的钱。他闯进来偷了我的钱。 插嘴,打岔。插嘴,打岔。 He broke in with some ideas of his own. 他插话谈了自己的一些想法。他插话谈了自己的一些想法。 Please dont break in on our conversation. 请不要打断我们的谈话。请不要打断我们的谈话。 break off 停止讲话。停止讲话。 He broke off in the middle of a sentence. 他一句话没讲完就停住了。他一句话没讲完就停住了。 暂停,休息。暂停,休息。 Lets break up for a r
10、est. 我们休息一会儿吧。我们休息一会儿吧。 折断折断/使折断。使折断。 The mast has (been) broken off. 桅杆折断了。桅杆折断了。 break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生或爆发。(火灾、战争等)突然发生或爆发。 A fire broke out during the night. 夜间发生了火灾。夜间发生了火灾。 break down (机器、车辆等)坏了。(机器、车辆等)坏了。 The car broke down after an hours driving. 车子开了一个小时就坏了。车子开了一个小时就坏了。 (计划、谈判等)失败。(计划、谈判等)失
11、败。 Our plans have broken down. 我们的计划已失败了。我们的计划已失败了。 break away (from) 断绝往来,脱离。断绝往来,脱离。 He broke away from all his old friends. 他同他所有的老朋友断绝了往来。他同他所有的老朋友断绝了往来。 改掉(旧习惯),破除(旧作法)。改掉(旧习惯),破除(旧作法)。 You must break away from such habits. 你必须改掉那些习惯。你必须改掉那些习惯。 break into 强行进入。强行进入。 The thieves planned to break
12、 into a bank. 这些小偷计划闯银行。这些小偷计划闯银行。 突然突然起来。起来。 Hearing the news, she broke into tears. 听到这个消息,她就哭了起来。听到这个消息,她就哭了起来。 break through 克服,征服。克服,征服。 You must try to break through your shyness. 你必须要设法克服羞怯。你必须要设法克服羞怯。 break up 解散,驱散。解散,驱散。 The police broke up the crowd (the meeting). 警察驱散了人群(集会)。警察驱散了人群(集会)。
13、 (学校等)放假(学校等)放假 When do you break up for Christmas? 你们什么时候放圣诞节假你们什么时候放圣诞节假? 结束,分手结束,分手 The weather shows signs of breaking up. 好天气看样要过去了。好天气看样要过去了。Their marriage is breaking up. 他们的婚姻濒临破裂。他们的婚姻濒临破裂。 7.ambition n.追求的目标追求的目标; 夙愿夙愿; 野心野心; 雄心雄心; 志向志向; 抱负抱负 His ambition is to sail round the world 他的梦想是环球
14、航行。他的梦想是环球航行。 the ambition to .的雄心的雄心 achieve ones ambition 实现抱负实现抱负 awaken an ambition 唤起野心唤起野心 adj. ambitious 有雄心的有雄心的 ambition, aspiration, pretension 区别区别 ambition可用于褒义可用于褒义,也可用于贬义也可用于贬义; aspiration的单数形式主要用于褒义的单数形式主要用于褒义,指使人提高或使指使人提高或使 人高尚的抱负人高尚的抱负,其复数形式有时可指缺乏合理根据的其复数形式有时可指缺乏合理根据的 或狂妄的野心或狂妄的野心;
15、pretension则因其“狂妄”的词源意义而侧重表示只则因其“狂妄”的词源意义而侧重表示只 有愿望而没有条件、权力或才能。有愿望而没有条件、权力或才能。 8.cheerful adj. 高兴的高兴的 兴高采烈的兴高采烈的 cheer v. 欢呼欢呼 高兴高兴 振奋振奋 cheer up有两种用法。有两种用法。 1)做及物动词时,意思是“使)做及物动词时,意思是“使.高兴高兴/振奋起来”,宾语一般是振奋起来”,宾语一般是 sb/oneself You should cheer him/yourself up. 2)做不及物动词时,意思是“(自己)高兴)做不及物动词时,意思是“(自己)高兴/振奋
16、起来”振奋起来” Hearing the good news, I cheered up. cheer on只做及物动词,意思是“向只做及物动词,意思是“向.欢呼;为欢呼;为.鼓劲加油”,鼓劲加油”, 可以加可以加sb/sth做宾语(但做宾语(但sth比较少用)。比较少用)。 Why not cheer on his wonderful performance? = Why not cheer his wonderful performance on? cheer for意思是“为意思是“为 喝彩叫好;为喝彩叫好;为 鼓劲加油”,鼓劲加油”, We all cheered for him. W
17、hy not cheer for his wonderful performance? 1.He has proved his courage in the battle. 他已在作战中证明了他的勇气他已在作战中证明了他的勇气. 2.The difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to other scientists. 困难在于他怎样向其他科学家证实他的想法困难在于他怎样向其他科学家证实他的想法. 9.prove v. 证明证明;证实证实 prove+名词名词/代词代词 prove+直接宾语直接宾语(sth.)+to+间接宾语间接宾语(sb.)
18、 3.Galileo proved that the earth and all other planets move around the sun. 伽利略证实地球和所有其它的行星都是绕太阳运转的伽利略证实地球和所有其它的行星都是绕太阳运转的. prove+宾语从句宾语从句 10.distant adj. 疏远的;遥远的;远房的;陌生的;远行的疏远的;遥远的;远房的;陌生的;远行的 His stepson is still very distant towards him. 他的继子对他仍然很疏远。他的继子对他仍然很疏远。 distance n. 疏远疏远 遥远遥远 距离距离 distant
19、, far, remote 区别:区别: distant指时间上、空间上的遥远指时间上、空间上的遥远,也可指亲属关系上的疏远也可指亲属关系上的疏远; He is a distant uncle of mine.他是我的一位远房叔叔。他是我的一位远房叔叔。 far除表示实际距离的远和时间的遥远外除表示实际距离的远和时间的遥远外,还可指程度上的“远”还可指程度上的“远”; My school is far from the town.我的学校离城很远。我的学校离城很远。 remote指时间或距离上是遥远的指时间或距离上是遥远的,也指在感情、兴趣等方面距离很大的也指在感情、兴趣等方面距离很大的,还还
20、 指关系方面疏远的或淡薄的。指关系方面疏远的或淡薄的。 My hometown is remote from sea.我的家乡离海很远。我的家乡离海很远。 11.honesty n. 诚实;正直诚实;正直 dishonesty 不诚实不诚实 The honesty man was maligned by them. 那个老实人被他们中伤了。那个老实人被他们中伤了。 in all honesty 说实话说实话 honest adj 诚实的诚实的 to be honest 老实说老实说 诚实说诚实说 12. observe vt.研究研究 vt. 遵守遵守;观察观察;庆祝庆祝 n. observa
21、tion 观察观察 He made a telescope through which he could observe the stars. 他做了个望远镜他做了个望远镜,用其观察星座。用其观察星座。 All citizens should observe traffic rules. 每位公民都应该遵守交通规则。每位公民都应该遵守交通规则。 observe onupon谈论谈论,评论评论 He observed well on her unusual appearance. 他对她那不寻常的外表评价很好。他对她那不寻常的外表评价很好。 observe sb do sth 观察某人做某事(全
22、过程)观察某人做某事(全过程) observe sb doing sth 观察某人正在做某事观察某人正在做某事 observe, note, notice 区别区别; notice指观察并注意到某个重要却又很容易被指观察并注意到某个重要却又很容易被 忽略掉的细节忽略掉的细节; note指不但注意到指不但注意到,而且记录下来而且记录下来,但有时只指但有时只指 思想上注意到并记在脑中思想上注意到并记在脑中; observe指在方便有利的位置上注意观察、研指在方便有利的位置上注意观察、研 究某事物或现象究某事物或现象,强调思想高度集中强调思想高度集中,态度严谨态度严谨 客观客观,但此词多用于科研方面
23、。但此词多用于科研方面。 look,see,watch,observe,witness 区别区别: look侧重“看”的动作。侧重“看”的动作。 see指看见。指看见。 watch指用眼睛跟随某物,以便对每一个变化、运动等指用眼睛跟随某物,以便对每一个变化、运动等 进行观察。进行观察。 observe侧重以客观的态度进行观察。侧重以客观的态度进行观察。 witness指当场看见,亲眼看见。指当场看见,亲眼看见。 Can you guess where this is? Activity 1 Antarctica What do you know about Antarctica? Area:
24、14,200,000 km2 Population: 1,106 Lowest temperature ever: 89.2 Fun Facts: 1. Antarctica is, on average, the windiest place on earth. 在地球上 2. The Antarctic Ice Sheet is the single biggest mass of ice in the world. 3. There are 30 different countries that operate 80 research stations situated around t
25、he continent. 4. The continent remains dark throughout the entire winter season. 5. During the summer months the sun does not set in Antarctica. 6. Antarctica is a desert. 平均平均 Activity 2 Read and find out. 1. When did the two journeys begin? 2. What happed to the two teams? happen v. 发生发生 (无被动语态)(无
26、被动语态) happen to sb 发生在某人身上发生在某人身上 happen to do sth 碰巧做某事碰巧做某事 3. How did Scotts team feel at the beginning of the journey? 4. How did they feel at the end? 5. Why do you think this changed? Activity 3 Read again and complete. Scotts team Amundsens team Nationality of the two teams Before the journey
27、 Journey to the destination Arrival at the destination The return journey British Norwegian They organised food bases. They organised food bases. Two sledges broke down. The horses had difficulties with the cold. Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves. He had teams of dogs puling the s
28、ledges and all his men were on skis. Because of this, he made rapid progress. Scott arrived at the Pole with four team members on 17 January, 1912, and was disheartened. Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December, 1911 and put a Norwegian flag there. Then he prepared for the return journey. Men were v
29、ery tired and were running out of food. The weather conditions were terrible. They brought rocks back for scientific evaluation. All members died. Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base on 25 January, 1912, ten days ahead of their planned schedule. 在某人去某地的路上在某人去某地的路上 收到某人的信
30、息收到某人的信息 organise sb to do sth 组织某人做某事组织某人做某事 序数词序数词+to do 因为,由于因为,由于 + 名词名词 取得取得 快速快速 进步进步 有有.严重的困难严重的困难 返回返回 到达(小地方)到达(小地方) arrive in 达到(大地方)达到(大地方) 失去目标失去目标 用光,耗尽(人做主语)用光,耗尽(人做主语) run out 用光用光 (物做主语)(物做主语) 穿上(动作)穿上(动作) 被被.覆盖覆盖 做某事有困难做某事有困难+doing 遇见结尾遇见结尾 继续继续 spend + 时间时间+ doing 花费时间做某事花费时间做某事 充满
31、充满 pay for 支付支付 pay off 还清还清 pay back偿还偿还 比较级比较级+and+比较级比较级 越来越越来越. seem to do sth 好像做某事好像做某事 seem + adj 好像好像. 留下留下 记录记录 fail to do sth 失败做某事失败做某事 Activity 7 Suffixes a letter or a group of letters that is added to the end of word to change its meaning. prepare _ situate _ hope _ cheer _ explore _ anxious _ sad _ -tion -less -ful -ness -ly preparation situation hopeless (ness) cheerful exploration anxiously sadness