1、猜测词义猜测词义 How to guess the meanings of words 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1. The word “” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _. 2.The word “” is most likely to mean _. 3. What do you think the expression “” stands for? 4. The underlined word “” means _. 1. Definition 定义法定义法 3. Simil
2、arity 相似法相似法 2. Contrast 对比法对比法 4. Cause and effect 因果法因果法 5. Example 例举法例举法 8. Common Sense 普通常识普通常识 6. Word Formation 构词法构词法 猜 测 词 义 猜 测 词 义 7. Context 上下文上下文 It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily. 1. Definition 定义法：定义法： 一般通过定义、定语一般通过定义、定语 （从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。（从句）或同位语（
3、从句）来确定词义。 (adj. 易碎的易碎的, 脆的脆的) The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. (n. 牧羊人牧羊人) 2. Contrast 对比法：对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比利用文中的反义词以及表对比 关系的词（组）猜测词义。关系的词（组）猜测词义。 表示对比的词有表示对比的词有 but、while、 however、 otherwise 、unlike; instead, on the other hand. Most of us agreed, however, Bill dis
4、sented. She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly A (v. 不同意不同意) 3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义相似法：利用同义 词、近义词或词组猜测词义。词、近义词或词组猜测词义。 Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the
5、 government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted. (adj. 巨大的巨大的;极大的极大的) 4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推因果法：从原因推 测结果，从结果推测原因。测结果，从结果推测原因。 One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the e
6、xhibitions in one day. (adj. 贫穷的贫穷的,穷困的穷困的) (adj. 大的大的) 因果关系因果关系 With the help of conjunctions like: because, as，since，for，so， thus，as a result，therefore， so that， etc. 5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例例举法：利用文中的举例 猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as等等 。 Today young couples often sp
7、end lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions. (n. 电器用具电器用具) 6. Word Formation 构词法构词法： 英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀） 和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本 的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或 后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原
8、词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头 和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测 出由其构成的新词的含义了。出由其构成的新词的含义了。 With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2003NMET) unconditional: 无条件的无
9、条件的, , 绝对的绝对的 adj.adj. condition conditional 情况，条件情况，条件 n. n. 有条件的有条件的 adj.adj. unconditional: nonjudgmental: 没有判断力的没有判断力的 judge judgment judgmental 判断判断 v. 判断判断 n. adj. nonjudgmental: 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super- (超超) mini- (极小的极小的, 微小的微小的) micro-（极微小的）（极微小的） re- （再，反复）（再，反复） mis-（误，恶）（误，恶
10、） im-（不）（不） un-（不，非）（不，非） in-（不，非）（不，非） non-（不，非）（不，非） -able（能（能的的 ） -less（不，无）（不，无） -wards (向向) superman microwave (超人超人) nonnatural mispronouce (非自然的非自然的) homeless nonsmoker (无家可归的无家可归的) rebuild eastwards (重建重建) Can you guess the right meanings? (微波微波) (非烟民非烟民) (发错音发错音) (向东向东) Eg. Im going to buy
11、a microbus. micro+bus 微型公共汽车微型公共汽车 1) He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident. A. see clearly B. understand C. expect B 7. 7. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的上下文：利用语
12、境及前后的 提示来猜测词义。提示来猜测词义。 Tom saw an owl in a tree last night Aa bird Ban animal C. a star 2）Tom saw an owl last night Aa bird Ban animal C. a star Tom saw an owl in a tree last night but it flew away when he got near Aa bird Ban animal C. a star A A B C A B (n. 猫头鹰猫头鹰) 3）The children are looking at an
13、 ape. Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree Ca kind of bird The children are looking at an ape at the zoo Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree Ca kind of bird The children are looking at a large, hairy ape at the zoo Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree Ca kind of bird A A B C. A C (n. 猿猿) 8. 8. Common sense
14、普通常识：普通常识：根据普通常识和根据普通常识和 生活经验来猜测词义。生活经验来猜测词义。 在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据 自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识 将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、 风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可 以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义 的能力自然就会增强。的能力自然就会增强。 When a doc
15、tor performs an operation on a patient， he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. n. 麻醉剂麻醉剂( (药药) ) InquiryInquiry- -based Activities (I)based Activities (I) 探究活动探究活动 (1)(1) Can you guess the correct
16、meanings of the following words? - 1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山雪山 B. 树枝树枝 C. 冰河冰河 D. 冰冰 2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever 3. Mr. Brown is
17、now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works. A. 租用租用 B. 借出借出 C. 购买购买 D. 参观参观 C A B 4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. inter
18、est 5. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady. A. 爱猫的爱猫的 B. 古怪的古怪的 C. 闲不住闲不住 D. 动物保护主义者动物保护主义者 6. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士便士 B. 温饱温饱 C. 非常贫困非常贫困 D. 虚弱虚弱 A B C 7. M
19、rs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type. A. 活泼的活泼的 B. 好动的好动的 C.爱说话的爱说话的 D. 可爱的可爱的 8. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city. A. town B. capital C. countryside D. house 9. This boy is not stupid, on the contrary,
20、 no one could be more intelligent. A. 勤奋的勤奋的 B. 愚蠢的愚蠢的 C. 聪明的聪明的 D. 情报情报 C C C 10. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.” The word “boasting” means _. A. 骄傲骄傲 B. 吹牛吹牛 C. 顽皮顽皮 D. 幼稚幼稚 B InquiryInquiry- -based Activities (II)based Activities (II) 探究活动探究活动 (2)(2) Passage 1
