1、 十年高考真题分类汇编（十年高考真题分类汇编（2010-2019） 英语英语 专题专题 18 议论文和说明文类完形填空议论文和说明文类完形填空 （2011 广东） It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes, The 1 has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by 2 situation
2、that has designed for the 3 children. There can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. However, to take these 5 out of the regular classes may create serious problems. I observed a number of 6 children who were taken out o
3、f a special class and placed in a 7 class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying 8 on their teachers directions. In the regular class, having no worry about ke（）eping up, they began to reflect 9 on many problems, some of which were not on the school prog
4、ram. Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning. However this 11 is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these 12 simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are 13 . Some top students do feel bored in class
5、, but why they 14 so goes far beyond the work they have in school. Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious. The gifted child whop is bored is an 15 child. 1. A. principle B. theory C. arguments D. classification 2. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living 3. A. smart B. curious C.
6、 mature D. average 4. A. regular B. special C. small D. creative 5. A. children B. programs C. graduates D. designs 6. A. intelligent B. competent C. ordinary D. independent 7. A. separate B. regular C. new D. boring 8. A. specially B. slightly C. wrongly D. heavily 9. A, directly B. cleverly C. vol
7、untarily D. quickly 10. A. doubted B. bored C. worried D. tired 11. A. concern B. conclusion C. reflection D. interest 12. A. students B. adults C. scholars D. teachers 13. A. talented B. worried C. learned D. interested 14. A. believe B. think C. say D. feel 15. A. outstanding B. intelligent C. anx
8、ious D. ordinary 【参考答案】CCDBA ABDAB ABADC 【解析】 1. 答案：C 解析：考查名词，运用原词重现方法。前一句提到了 argued， 所以此处用 argument. 2. 答案：C 解析：考查形容词，因为提到了 regular class，说明这是和学习相关，所以此处用 learning. 3. 答案：D 解析：考查形容词，此句话的意思是“这个争论的依据是：在正常班级里，这些孩子的智力成长会 受到这个专门为一般儿童设计的学习环境的影响。” average 此处意为一般的。 4. 答案：B 解析：考查形容词，此两句话的意思是“毫无疑问，天才儿童的特别班可以帮
9、助他们早点毕业，提 前走向社会。但是，将这些学生从普通班里抽调出来，则可能对他们以及社会带来严重的问题。” special 意为特别的，与下文中的 regular 相反。 5. 答案：A 解析：考查名词，these children 指代天才儿童。意思同上题。 6. 答案：A 解析：考查形容词，运用同义复现的方法。此处只有 intelligent 与 gifted 对应。 7. 答案：B 解析：考查形容词，此处答案可以从下文中的 In the special class 和 In regular class 得出。 8. 答案：D 解析：考查副词，heavily 意为过分地。此句意为“在为天才
10、儿童组织的特别学校里，这些孩子们很 少有机会运用自己善于评论的判断力，相反，他们过分依赖老师的指导。” 9. 答案：C 解析：考查副词，voluntarily 意为自然地，此句意为“在步子较慢的学校里，这些学生不再为跟班 犯愁，便很自然地对许多问题进行反复思考，有些甚至不属于学校课程之内。” 10. 答案：B 解析：考查形容词，运用原词重现方法和同义重现方法。Lose interest 和 bored 对应，以及后文中 的” Some top students do feel bored” （2012 江苏） 请认真阅读下面短文， 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中， 选出最佳选项
11、。 The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non- existent. In the world of digital technology, e- mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be _36_. Solitude can be hard to discover _37_ it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have _38_
12、 our culture. The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) _39_ as weve known it. People have become so _40_ in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted _41_ they d rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e- mail, chat and blog (写博客), not only from our _42_， b
13、ut from our mobile phones as well. Most developed nations have become _43_ on digital technology simply because theyve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not _44_ it would make them an outsider. _45_， many jobs and careers require people to be _46_. From this point of view, technology has cha
14、nged the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a _47_ to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times. I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who _48_ wants it. Computers can be shut _49_ and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability
15、 to be “connected” and “on” has many _50_， as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up _51_ on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel _52_ and forced to answer unwanted calls or _53_ to unwanted texts. Attitudes towards our connectedness as a so
16、ciety _54_ across generations. Some find todays technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyones view on the subject, its hard to imagine what life would be like _55_ daily advancements in technology. 36. A. updated B. received C. shared D. collected 37. A. though B. until C. onc
17、e D. before 38. A. respected B. shaped C. ignored D. preserved 39. A. edge B. stage C. end D. balance 40. A. sensitive B. intelligent C. considerate D. reachable 41. A. even if B. only if C. as if D. if only 42. A. media B. computers C. databases D. monitors 43. A. bent B. hard C. keen D. dependent
18、44. A. finding B. using C. protecting D. changing 45. A. Also B. Instead C. Otherwise D. Somehow 46. A. connected B. trained C. recommended D. interested 47. A. pleasure B. benefit C. burden D. disappointment 48. A. slightly B. hardly C. merely D. really 49. A. out B. down C. up D. in 50. A. aspects
19、 B. weaknesses C. advantages D. exceptions 51. A. hidden B. lost C. relaxed D. deserted 52. A. trapped B. excited C. confused D. amused 53. A. turn B. submit C. object D. reply 54. A. vary B. arise C. spread D. exist 55. A. beyond B. within C. despite D. without 【要点综述】在当今的数字技术时代，独处的想法是几乎不可能存在的。网络技术的
20、发展给人们 生活带来了便利，同时也有着不便。 36. C 当今世界拥有数字技术、电子邮件、社会网络、在线视频游戏、信息等可以分享(share)。 37. C 独处一旦(once)放弃就很难发现。 38. B 在这方面，新的技术已经形成了(shape)我们的文化。 39. C bring to an end 意为“使结束，使终止”，符合句意。 40. D 在网络连接世界中，人们已经变得如此容易联系到(reachable)。 sensitive“敏感的”； intelligent“聪明的，有才智的”；considerate“体贴的，体谅的，考虑周到的”。 41. A 在网络连接世界中，人们已经变得
21、如此容易联系到以至于即使(even if)不愿意被联系，也可 能经常被联系。 42. B 今天我们不仅可以用电脑(computers)来交谈、发短信、发电子邮件、聊天、写博客，而且 也可以用手机做这些事情。 43. D 多数发达国家已经依赖于(be/become dependent on)数字技术。bent on “决心的”；hard (on) “严厉的”；keen (on) “爱好，喜欢”。 44. B 从这一点使他们成为局外人。 45. A 此处表示进一步陈述人们与新技术的联系。故 also“也”正确。 46. A 而且许多工作和职业要求人们相互联系(connected)。 47. C 对
22、于那些可能不想被时刻联系上的人来说，被联系上会感到是一个负担(burden)。 48. D 我猜想积极的一面是，独处对于那些真正(really)想独处的人来说还是有可能的。 49. B shut out“把关在外面”；shut down“关闭，使停工”；shut up“闭嘴，住口”；shut in“围住， 监禁”。由后面的手机可以关闭可知选 B。 50. C 由后面的 as well as disadvantages 可知选 C(advantages)。 51. B 游客在山中迷路(lost)，手机已经救了无数条生命。 52. A 由被迫回答不需要的电话可知手机也会使人们感到被束缚(trapp
23、ed)。 53. D 这里是指被迫回复(reply)不需要的短信息。 54. A 由后文的“有的人发现当今科技是礼物，有的人则认为是诅咒”可知人们对此的态度是有所 不同(vary)的。 55. D 不管人们对这个问题的看法怎样，如果没有(without)当今科学技术的发展，很难想象我们 的生活会是什么样子。 （2012 上海） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the w
24、ord or phrase that best fits the context. People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another _50_， subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick
25、stumble (绊脚) and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his _51_ ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to _52_ aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In _53_ these and other research findings，two themes are
26、 _54_ : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think _55_ assistance. In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. _56_ , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at
27、the airport. The application was ready to be _57_， but had apparently been “lost”. The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very _58_ person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed i
28、t or not. Results showed that people were more likely to _59_ the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive. The degree of _60_ between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same co
29、untry rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) _61_ T- shirt than a person wearing a T- shirt printed with offensive words. Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case. For example, shopp
30、ers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone _62_ to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for _63_ than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be _64_ rather than drunk.
31、 50. A. study B. way C. word D. college 51. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back 52. A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive 53. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing 54. A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing 55. A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept 56. A. At first B. Above all
32、 C. In addition D. For example 57. A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed 58. A. talented B. good- looking C. helpful D. hard- working 59. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down 60. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact 61. A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange 62
33、. A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances 63. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health 64. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sick 【要点综述】在什么情况下人们更容易得到帮助？研究表明：我们更愿意帮助我们喜欢的人和我 们认为值得帮助的人；外表有吸引力比不太有吸引力的人更容易得到帮助；生病跌倒比喝醉跌倒更容 易得到帮助等。 50. A 考查名词。根据下文 these and other research findings 和 in a field
34、study 提示，在另一份研究 中，所以选 A。 51. C 考查名词。根据下文 if his face was spotless 提示。受害者脸上有一个巨大的红色胎记。 52. D 考查动词。根据下文 are more likely to receive aid 提示选 receive。脸上无污点的受害者比有 不好看的胎记的受害者更有可能获得援助。 53. C 考查动词。在了解这些和其他研究结果过程中。 54. A 考查形容词。发现两个重要的主题。 55. B 考查动词。deserve 意为“值得”。因为某种原因我们更愿意帮助我们喜欢的人和我们认为值 得帮助的人。 56. D 考查介词短语。
35、下文举例说明观点：In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid，所以选 D。 57. B 考查动词。根据下文 actually mailed it or not 提示选 mailed。意思是申请被邮寄。 58. B 考查形容词。附在申请上的照片有时是个相貌好看的人的，有时是一个不太有吸引力的人 的。 59. A 考查动词短语。结果表明，如果照片上的人外表上有吸引力，人们更可能递送这个申请。 send in 意为“递送”。 60. A 考查名词。在潜在的提供帮助的人和有
36、需要的人之间的相似程度也很重要。 61. B 考查形容词。T 恤上印有攻击性的话和朴素的 T 恤相对比。plain 意为“简朴的；朴素的”。 62. C 考查名词。根据常识应该给钱买牛奶。 63. D 考查名词。对健康来说，牛奶被认为比饼干更重要。 64. D 考查形容词。生病跌倒的似乎比喝醉跌倒的更容易得到帮助。 （2012 课标全国卷） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选 项。 Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speak
37、s _36_ than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more _37_ than we realize. In fact, non- verbal (非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really _38_. And body language is particularly _39_ when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language
38、is so _40_ a part of us that its actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. _41_， different societies treat the _42_ between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having _43_ contact (接触) even with friends, and certainly not with _44_. People from L
39、atin American countries, _45_， touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, its possible that in _46_， it may look like a Latino is _47_ a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving _48_. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep _49_ w
40、hich the Latino will in return regard as _50_. Clearly, a great deal is going on when people _51_. And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from _52_ cultures, theres a strong possibility of _53_ . But whatever the situation, the best _54_ is to obey the Golden Rule: tr
41、eat others as you would like to be _55_. 36A.straighter Blouder Charder Dfurther 37A.sounds Binvitations Cfeelings Dmessages 38A.hope Breceive Cdiscover Dmean 39A.immediate Bmisleading Cimportant Ddifficult 40A.well Bfar Cmuch Dlong 41A.For example BThus CHowever DIn short 42A.trade Bdistance Cconne
42、ctions Dgreetings 43A.eye Bverbal Cbodily Dtelephone 44A.strangers Brelatives Cneighbours Denemies 45A.in other words Bon the other hand Cin a similar way Dby all means 46A.trouble Bconversation Csilence Dexperiment 47A.disturbing Bhelping Cguiding Dfollowing 48A.closer Bfaster Cin Daway 49A.steppin
43、g forward Bgoing on Cbacking away Dcoming out 50A.weakness Bcarelessness Cfriendliness Dcoldness 51A.talk Btravel Claugh Dthink 52A.different BEuropean CLatino Drich 53A.curiosity Bexcitement Cmisunderstanding Dnervousness 54A.chance Btime Cresult Dadvice 55A.noticed Btreated Crespected Dpleased 【要点
44、综述】本文是一篇说明文。作者认为身势语比言辞更有效，而身势语却常常被人们忽略。 在进行跨文化交流的过程中，身势语尤为重要。作者以拉丁美洲人和挪威人为例进行了阐述。最后作 者指出：不管什么情况，最好的建议是：对待别人像你希望被对待的那样。(你想别人怎么对待你，你 就怎样对待别人。) 36. B 考查副词的比较级及语境理解。身势语比语言表达的意思更响亮，更清楚。此处 louder 意 为：声音更大，即更有说服力。如：谚语 Facts speak louder than words.(事实胜于雄辩。) 37. D 考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。据专家称：我们的身体发出比我们意识到的更多的信息。 sou
45、nd 声音；invitation 邀请；feeling 感觉；message 信息。 38. D 考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。 实际上， 非语言交际约占据了我们真正想表达的意思的 50% 的分量。hope 希望；receive 接收；discover 发现；mean 意思是。 39. C 考查形容词词义辨析。 当我们进行跨文化交流时， 身势语显得尤为重要。 immediate 立刻的； misleading 误导的；important 重要的；difficult 困难的。 40. C 考查形容词的用法。事实上，身势语是常常被我们忽略的很多的一部分。 41. A 考查语境理解。下文中以拉丁美洲人
46、和挪威人为例，说明不同的社会群体对待距离的态度 是不同的。 42. B 考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。不同的社会群体对待人们之间接触的距离是不同的。trade 交易； distance 距离； connection 联系；greeting 问候。 43. C 考查语境理解。即使是朋友，北欧人通常也不喜欢身体的接触，当然更不用说陌生人。eye 眼睛，眼神；verbal 言辞的； bodily 身体的；telephone 电话。 44. A 考查名词词义辨析。北欧人通常不喜欢身体的接触，即使是朋友，当然更不用说陌生人。 stranger 陌生人；relative 亲戚；neighbour 邻居；en
47、emy 敌人。 45. B 考查介词短语的含义及语境理解。on the other hand 然而，在另一方面。然而，拉丁美洲国 家的人们相互接触的就很多。 46. B 考查名词词义辨析。在对话过程中，拉丁人跟着挪威人满屋子转是可能的。trouble 麻烦； conversation 对话； silence 沉默；experiment 实验。 47. D 考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。在对话过程中，拉丁人跟着(following)挪威人满屋子转是 可能的。此处 follow 意为：跟着走。 48. A 考查语境理解。拉丁人靠得更近表示友好。 49. C 考查动词短语的含义及语境理解。挪威人将不断地后退。step forward 前进； go on 继续； back away 后退；come out 出来。 50. D 考查名词词义辨析。拉丁人反过来认为他们很冷淡。weakness 虚弱； carelessness 粗心
