1、 十年高考真题分类汇编（十年高考真题分类汇编（2010-2019） 英语英语 专题专题 22 科普类说明文阅读理解科普类说明文阅读理解 (2010安徽安徽阅读理解阅读理解 B) Have you ever wondered? 1. Why do airplanes take longer to fly west than east? It can take five hours to go west-east from New York(NY) to London bur seven hours to travel east-west from London to NY. The reason
2、 for the difference is an atmospheric phenomenon known as the jet(喷射) stream. The jet stream is a very high altitude wind which always blows from the west to the east across the Atlantic. The planes moving at a constant air speed thus go faster in the west-east direction when they are moving with th
3、e wind than in the opposite direction. 2. What would happen if the gravity on Earth was suddenly turned off? Supposing we could magically turn off gravity. Would buildings and other structures(建筑物) float away? What happened would depend on how strongly the things were attached to the Earth. The Eart
4、h is moving at quite a speed, moving at over a thousand miles per hours. If you turn something around your head on a string（细绳）, it goes around in a circle until you let go of the string. Then it flies off in a straight line. Switching off gravity would be like letting go of the string. Things not a
5、ttached to the Earth would fly off in a straight line. People in buildings would suddenly shoot upwards at a great speed until they hit the ceiling. Most things outside would fly off into space. 60.What information can we get from the first passage? A.It is jet stream that affects how fast airplanes
6、 fly B.Planes go slower when they are moving with the wind C.It takes more time to fly from NY to London than from London to NY D.The yet stream always blows from the east to the west across the Atlantic 61.The word”shoot”underline in the 2nd passage probably means “ ” A.send for B.move quickly C.co
7、me out D.grrow quickly 62.It can be inferred that without gravity . A.buildings and other structures would float away B.trees and buildings would not easily fly off C.something around your head would not fly away D.everything outside buildings would fly off into space 63.Where can we most probably r
8、ead in the text A.In a reseach paper B.In a short story C.In a travel magazine D.In a students book (2010江苏江苏阅读理解阅读理解 D) Imagine，one day，getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours，and then，after a full day of work，going back home to Beijing and havin
9、g dinner there Sounds unusual，doesnt it? But its not that unrealistic，with the development of Chinas highspeed railway systemAnd thats not a11China has an even greater highspeed railway planto connect the country with Southeast Asia，and eventually Eastern Europe China is negotiating to extend its ow
10、n high -speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 1 0 to 15 years，eventually reaching London and Singapore China has proposed three such projectsThe first would possibly connect Kunming with Singapore via Vietnam and MalaysiaAnother could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
11、，and possibly to GermanyThe third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western Europe If Chinas plan for the high-speed railway goes forward，people could zip over from London to Beiling in under two days The new system would still follow Chinas highspeed railway sta
12、ndard And the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour，almost as fast as some airplanes Chinas bullet train(高速客车)，the one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou，already has the Worlds fastest average speedIt covers 1,069 kilometers in about three hours Of course，there are some technical challenges t
13、o overcomeThere are so many issues that need to be settled，such as safety，rail gauge(轨距)，maintenance of railway tracksSo，its important to pay attention to every detail But the key issue is really moneyChina is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion China prefers
14、that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investmentResources from those countries could stream into China to sustain development It11 be a win-win project. For other countries，the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business，tourism and so
15、on，not to mention the better communication among those countnes For China，such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed resources， but would also help develop Chinas far west We foresee that in the coming decades， millions of people will migrate to the wes
16、tern regions， where the land is empty and resources unused With high-speed trains， people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for a11 And they11 trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries 67Chinas new high-speed railway plan will be a win-win project because
17、AChina will get much-needed resources and develop its western regions BChina and the countries involved will benefit from the project in various ways CChina will develop its railway system and communication with other countries D the foreign countries involved will develop their railway transportati
18、on，business and tourism 68According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is Atechnical issues Bsafety of the systemCfinancial problems Dmaintenance of railway tracks 69Which of the following words best describes the authors attitude towards Chinas high-speed railw
19、ay plan? ACritical BReserved CDoubtful D. Positive 70Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? ANew Railway Standards BBig Railway Dreams CHighspeed Bullet Trains DInternational Railway Network (2010全国卷全国卷阅读理解阅读理解 C) Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there liv
20、es a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws(爪)on its wings when young .They build their homes about 4.6m above the river ,an important feature(特征)for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin. In appearance， the
21、birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside .The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature ,though, is only found in the
22、 young. Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip .Using these four claws ,together with the beak(喙),they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly ,they l
23、ose their claws. During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes. 63What is the text mainly about? AHoa
24、tzins in dry and rainy seasons. BThe relatives and enemies of hoatzins. CPrimitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon. DThe appearance and living habits of hoatzins. 64Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that Athey look like young cuckoos Bthey have claws on the wings Cthey eat a lot li
25、ke a cow Dthey live on river banks 65What can we infer about primitive birds from the text? AThey had claws to help them climb. BThey could fly long distances. CThey had four wings like hoatzins. DThey had a head with long feathers on the top. 66Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups whe
26、n the rainy season comes? ATo find more food. BTo protect themselves better. CTo keep themselves warm. DTo produce their young. (2010湖南湖南阅读理解阅读理解 C) People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions and a new report published online in Cur
27、rent Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions, Jack sa
28、id. Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth. According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that h
29、ad been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observe
30、d pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater atten
31、tion on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions, Jack said. Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners
32、 use the eyes more and mouth less. In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicati
33、ng emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation. 66. The discovery shows that Westerners . A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth B. consider facial expressions universally reliable C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways D. have
34、more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions 67. What were the people asked to do in the study? A. To make a face at each other. B. To get their faces impressive. C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers faces. 68. What does the underlined word they in Paragraph 6 refer
35、to? A. The participants in the study. B. The researchers of the study. C. The errors made during the study. D. The data collected from the study. 69. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to . A. do translation more successfully B. study the mouth more frequently C. examine the eyes m
36、ore attentively D. read facial expressions more correctly 70. What can be the best title for the passage? A. The Eye as the Window to the Soul B. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions C. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills D. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding (2010江西江西阅读理解阅读理解 D
37、) Modern inventions have speeded up peoples loves amazingly. Motor-cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour, aircraft cross the world inside a day, while computers operate at lightning speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every year motor-cars are produced which go eve
38、n faster and each new computer boats (吹嘘) of saving precious seconds in handling tasks. All this saves time, but at a price. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet-lag; our bodies feel that the
39、y have been left behind on another time zone. Again, spending too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers. Mobile phones also have their dangers, according to some scientist; too much use may transmit harmful radiation into our brains, a consequence we do not like to think about. How
40、ever, what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting
41、imagination take us into another world. There was a time when some peoples lives were devoted simply to the cultivation of the land or the care of cattle. No multi-tasking there; their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might envy about a way of li
42、fe like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestor faced: they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence. 68. The new products become more and more ti
43、me-saving because . A. our love of speed seems never-ending B. time is limited. C. the prices are increasingly high. D. the manufactures boast a lot. 69. What does “the days” in Paragraph 3 refer to ? A. Imaginary life B. Simple life in the past. C. Times of inventions D. Time for constant activity.
44、 70. What is the authors attitude towards the modern technology? A. Critical B. Objective. C. Optimistic. D. Negative. 71. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. The present and past times. B. Machinery and human beings. C. Imaginations and inventions. D. Modern technology and its influence. (2010
45、辽宁辽宁阅读理解阅读理解 C) Too much TV-watching can harm childrens ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children. One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders. Th
46、ose with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs. A second study ,looking at nearly 1000 grown-ups in New Zealand, found lower education levels among 26-year olds who had watched lots of TV during childhood. But the resu
47、lts dont prove that TV is the cause and dont ride out that already poorly motivated youngsters (年轻人）may watch lots of TV. Their study measured the TV habits of 26-year-olds between ages5 and 15. These with college degrees had watch an average of less than two hours of TV per week night during childh
48、ood, compared with an average of more than 2 1/2 hours for those who had no education beyond high school. In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest. While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores, it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldnt have TVs in their bedrooms 64. According to the California study, the low-scoring group might _. A. have watched a lot of TV B. not be interested ted in math C. be unable
