1、 阅读教材 P6869中的材料，选出最佳选项 1What is really green? APaper shopping bags are better than plastic ones. BRemove the power plug supply，and it stops using power. CEating local food is good for the environment. DIts better to take a shower than a bath. 2Why are people advised to take a reusable bag? ABecause
2、plastic bags cause environmental problems. BBecause plastic bags are difficult to produce. CBecause paper bags are a danger to wild animals. DBecause the process of making paper bags is more complicated. 3Whats connected with energy saving? AEating local food. BEating transport food. CProducing food
3、 by ourselves. DUsing less energy during food production. 4Which way of the following is saving energy? ATo spend 8 minutes to have a bath. BTo take a shower more than 8 minutes. CTo try to take a bath instead of a shower. DTo keep your shower time as short as possible. 答案 14 BADD Words and Phrases
4、知识要点1 devote v致力，献身，倾注 (教材 P65) Now，she is a model and performance artist devoted/devoting to ocean conservation. 现在，她是一名致力于海洋保护的模特和行为艺术家。 例 1 He is determined to devote his life to science. 他决心把毕生精力贡献给科学事业。 例 2 I want to be a teacher very much and devote myself to teaching. 我很想当老师，一生致力于教学工作。 造句 你必须
5、专心于工作。 You must devote your attention to your work. 知识拓展 (1)devote ones life/ time/ energy to ( doing) sth. 把某人的生命/时间/精力献给 devote oneself to 致力于；献身于；专心于 (2)devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠实的 be devoted to (doing) sth. 献身于；专心致志于 (3)devotion n. 奉献；忠诚 即学即练 单句语法填空 He always devotes his attention to helping(help) the
6、homeless children. Devoted(devote) to his research，he almost forgot everything about himself. We appreciated his devotion(devote) to the project. 小片段助记 The old scientist is devoted to studying space，and the spirit of devotion deserves learning from.He said he would go on devoting himself to the scie
7、nce field. 知识要点2 reserve n(野生生物)保护区；贮存 v保留；贮存；预订 (教材 P65) Hello from Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve(SNNR) 你好，这里是三江源国家自然保护区。 例 1 A friend can be a reserve of help in times of trouble. 朋友可以在困难的时候提供帮助。 例 2 These seats are reserved for special guests. 这些座位是留给贵宾的。 造句 为了保护野生动物，应该多建立野生动物保护区。 To prote
8、ct wild animals，more wildlife reserves should be set up. 知识拓展 (1) without reserve 毫无保留 keep sth.in reserve 保存某物以备用 (2) reserve sth.for sb. 为某人预留某物 reserve the right to do sth. 保留做某事的权利 即学即练 单句语法填空 When talking to a friend，we should be frank without reserve. We always keep some money in reserve，just
9、in case. A double room with a balcony has been reserved for him. 知识要点3 damage v& n破损，损害，损伤 (教材 P65) In recent years，we have seen large areas of wetland that were damaged by human activity. 近年来，我们看到大片湿地被人类活动破坏。 例 1 Many buildings and cars have been damaged in the explosion. 许多大楼和汽车在这次爆炸中受损。 例 2 The s
10、torm did a great deal of damage to the old houses. 暴风雨给那些旧房屋造成了很大损坏。 造句 吸烟会损害你的健康。 Smoking can damage your health. 知识拓展 suffer damage 遭受损坏 do/cause damage to 给造成损坏 即学即练 单句语法填空 Many buildings and roads were damaged(damage) badly when the heavy snow struck that city. The earthquake broke at midnight，c
11、ausing great damage to the city. 名师点津 damage 指部分性“损坏，破坏”，一般可以修复；而 destroy 指彻底地“毁 坏，破坏”，一般不能或很难再修复。 知识要点4 (教材 P65) Weve also seen droughts and floods caused by these changes，which affect the water supply downstream. 我们还看到了由这些变化引起的干旱和洪水，这些变化影响了下游的供水。 (1)flood n洪水，水灾；大量 v淹没；泛滥；(感觉或回忆)涌上心头 例 1 A busines
12、s needs insurance against risks such as fire and flood. 公司需要上保险以防备火灾、洪灾等风险。 例 2 The ground floor of the house was flooded. 房子的底层被淹了。 造句 水坝不太坚固，挡不住洪水。 The dam was not strong enough to hold back the flood. 知识拓展 (1)be in flood (河水)上涨，泛滥 a flood of 大量的 (2)flooded areas 水灾地区 flood in/into 大量涌入 flood back
13、 (感觉或回忆)涌上心头 即学即练 单句语法填空 The charity received a flood of thankful telegrams and letters. Large quantities of food are needed in the flooded(flood) areas now. Applications flooded in after we advertised it on the newspaper. Seeing what the homeless were experiencing，memories of her childhood flooded
14、back (2)affect v影响；打动；(疾病)侵袭 例 1 An unhappy home environment can affect a childs behaviour. 不愉快的家庭环境能影响儿童的行为。 例 2 We were all deeply affected by the news of her death. 她去世的消息使我们都深感悲痛。 造句 众所周知，吸烟影响我们的健康。 It is well known that smoking affects our health. 知识拓展 (1)be affected by 被侵袭；被感动 be affected with
15、 a high fever 发高烧 (2)effect n. 作用；影响；结果 in effect 事实上 have an effect on 对有影响 即学即练 单句语法填空 Affected(affect) by the rise of house prices，people in big cities live under great pressure. He didnt attend the conference because he was affected with a high fever. Favorable policies are in effect to encourag
16、e employees professional development. 知识要点5 adopt v采取(某种方法)；收养 (教材 P65) This includes keeping the original environment from being touched， as well as adopting new，sustainable ways of feeding farm animals. 这包括保持原始环境不被触及，以及采用新的、可持续性的方式喂养农场动 物。 例 1 Our school has adopted a new teaching method. 我们学校采用了一
17、种新的教学方法。 例 2 They had no children of their own，so they adopted a neighbors girl. 他们自己无儿女，所以收养了一个邻居家的女孩。 造句 三个队采用了不同的方式来解决这个问题。 The three teams adopted different ways to solve the problem. 知识拓展 (1)adopt an idea/a plan 采纳意见/计划 adopt a positive attitude 采取积极的态度 (2)adopted adj. 领养的 adoption n. 采用；收养 即学即
18、练 单句语法填空 She treated her adopted(adopt) son as if he were her own child. If you can not have children of your own，why not consider adoption(adopt)? Pauls mother had him adopted(adopt)because she couldnt look after him. 名师点津 adapt 与 adopt 词形相近，但 adapt 意为“适应；改编”。 知识要点6 reduce v减少，降低 (教材 P66) Reduce wa
19、ste by choosing reusable products 通过选择可重复使用的产品来减少浪费 例 1 Everyone should try to reduce the amount of salt in our diet. 大家都应该在饮食中减少盐的摄入量。 例 2 One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust. 减少压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊感受。 造句 现在有这台电脑帮忙，我们就能降低生产成本了。 Now we can
20、 reduce the production costs with the help of the computer. 知识拓展 reduce to 把减少到 reduce by 把减少了 be reduced to (doing) sth. 沦落到地步 即学即练 单句语法填空 Though the price of the house has been reduced by 10%，we cant afford it either. They were reduced to begging(beg) for their living. To improve the air quality，t
21、he use of private cars should be reduced(reduce) 知识要点7 permission n允许，许可 (教材P67) A polite interruption is usually framed as a request for permission to interrupt someone，often starting with If ，May I ? 礼貌的打断通常被理解为请求允许打断某人，通常以 If ，May I ？开 始。 例 1 You must ask for permission before taking any photos i
22、nside the hall. 必须申请批准方可在大厅内拍照。 例 2 Weve got permission to go inside the old building. 我们已获准进入那栋老建筑物。 造句 他请求经理准许他请假一天。 He asked the managers permission to take a day off. 知识拓展 (1)ask for permission 请求许可 without permission 未经许可 (2)permit v. 许可，允许 n. 执照；许可证 permit doing sth. 允许做某事 permit sb.to do sth.
23、 允许某人做某事 即学即练 单句语法填空 Its illegal to read peoples private letters without permission. We do not permit smoking(smoke)in the office. Passengers are permitted to carry(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 知识要点8 break down 分解；(机器等)出故障；(身体、精神等)垮掉；(谈 判等)失败；拆除 (教材 P68) It takes hundreds of
24、 years for plastic to break down，but much less time for paper. 塑料需要几百年才能分解，而纸分解的时间则要短得多。 例 1 You will break down sooner or later if you go on working like that. 如果你继续像那样工作的话，迟早会累垮的。 例 2 Talks with business leaders broke down last night. 昨晚与商业首脑的会谈失败了。 造句 我们的车在去公司的路上坏了。 Our car broke down on the way
25、to the company. 知识拓展 break up 解散；结束；拆散 break in 强行进入；打断(谈话)，插嘴 break into 闯入，破门而入 break out 爆发，突然发生 break through 突破；克服，战胜 即学即练 单句语法填空 When he got home，he found his house broken into Daddy would occasionally break in with a suggestion. Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight
26、against cancer. 小片段助记 Their car broke down on the way to the cinema，so a quarrel broke out and at last the lovers broke up. 知识要点9 amount n数量，数额 v总计；达到 (教材 P68) However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而，生产一个纸袋所消耗的能量
27、是生产一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量是(生 产)塑料袋的三倍。 例 1 Any amount，great or small， will be appreciated.数量不论多少都将受 到欢迎。 例 2 The loss from the flood amounts to ten million dollars. 水灾的损失共达 1 000 万美元。 造句 他每天有大量的信件要回复。 He has a large amount of mails to answer every day. 知识拓展 (1)a large/small amount of 大/少量的(跟名词作主语时，谓语动 词用单数) l
28、arge/small amounts of 大/少量的(跟名词作主语时，谓语动 词用复数) (2)amount to 达到；等于；总共；共计 即学即练 单句语法填空 Large amounts of money are wasted(waste) on useless things every year. A large amount of money has been spent(spend) building more kindergartens so far this year. Youll never amount to anything if you spend your time
29、that way! 知识要点10 take into account 把考虑进去 (教材 P69) In some cases，local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away even taking into account its transport. 在某些情况下， 当地的农产品消耗的能源和产生的温室气体也可能比生长在 很远的地方的农产品多甚至考虑到它的运输。 例 1 When it comes to develop
30、ing our economy， we must take environmental protection into account. 当谈到发展我们的经济时，我们必须要考虑环保。 例 2 When judging his performance，dont take his age into account. 评价他的表演时，不要把他的年龄考虑在内。 造句 我衷心希望你能考虑我的建议。 I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account. 知识拓展 (1)take account of take into accou
31、nt 把考虑在内 give an account of 对进行描述 on account of 因为，由于 on no account 决不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装) (2)account for 解释，说明；(数量/比例上)占据 即学即练 单句语法填空 She gave an exciting account of the football match. We had to put off the sports meet on account of the bad weather. The poor weather may have accounted for the increase i
32、n the number of people who cough day and night. 小片段助记 On no account will the head teacher take account of your excuse because even you cant account for your absence clearly. 知识要点11 urge v竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 n冲动；强烈的愿望 (教材 P71)It urges people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table. 它敦促人们节约食
33、物，不要在餐桌上浪费任何东西。 例 1 Our teacher urged us to do more exercise after class. 我们的老师强烈要求我们课后多锻炼。 例 2 I never felt an urge to learn any sign language before. 我以前从未感觉到学习手势语的强烈愿望。 造句 随着高考的临近，我们的老师敦促我们要努力学习。 Our teacher urged us to study hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near. 知识拓展 (1)urge s
34、b.to do sth./into doing sth. 力劝/敦促某人做某事 urge that 强烈要求；极力主张从句谓语动词 用(should)动词原形 urge (sb.) on 力劝；强调；强烈要求 (2)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的 in urgent need of 急需 (3)urgently adv. 紧急地；迫切地 urgency n. 紧急；紧急情况 即学即练 单句语法填空 Parents should actively urge their children to take(take) advantage of the opportunity to join
35、sports teams. The people in the earthquake- stricken area are in urgent(urge) need of food， medicine and shelters. Its of great urgency(urge) that we need to make the relevant laws with the rapid growth of online shopping. 小片段助记 The teacher urged that the students (should) be taught how to take urge
36、nt action in urgency. 知识要点12 concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的；关心的；有关的 (教材 P71)We are concerned that 我们担心 例 1 I cant help but feel very concerned. 我禁不住感到很担心。 例 2 Now an increasing number of people are concerned about the environmental protection. 现在越来越多的人关注环境保护。 造句 我很担心我们可能无法按时完成此事。 Im very concerned that we ma
37、y not finish this on time. 知识拓展 (1)be concerned about/for 关心；挂念 be concerned with/in 与有关；参与；牵扯到 as far as be concerned 就而言 (2)concern n& v. 关心；担心 show/express concern about/for 对表示关心/担心 (3)concerning prep. 关于 即学即练 单句语法填空 Everyone concerned(concern) in the incident was questioned by the police. Howev
38、er，I think we should show more concern for/about our friends. I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information concerning(concern) the club. 名师点津 concerned 用作形容词时，意为“关心的；担心的”，作前置定 语；表示“相关的，有关的”，作后置定语。 知识要点13 contribute v促成，造成(某事发生)；捐献；贡献；投稿 (教材 P72) Look at the three item
39、s that contribute to a carbon footprint. 看看造成碳足迹的三个因素。 例 1 Eating too much fat can contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure. 吃太多脂肪会引起心脏病和高血压。 例 2 He contributed a large sum of money to the flood victims. 他捐出一大笔钱给受水灾的灾民。 造句 老师告诉我们锻炼有助于健康。 Our teacher tells us that exercise contribute
40、s to good health. 知识拓展 (1)contribute to 促成；导致 contribute to 向捐献；向投稿 (2)contribution n. 贡献；捐献；稿件 make a contribution/contributions to 对做出贡献；向捐款 即学即练 单句语法填空 The famous writer is one of the several authors contributing(contribute) to the book. Your suggestion has greatly contributed to the accomplishme
41、nt of our work. Only in this way can we make a great contribution(contribute)to our family and our society. 小片段助记 Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a press. 知识要点14 average adj.平均(数)的；普通的，
42、一般的 n平均；平均数； 平均水平 v平均为，平均达到 (教材 P72)The average score of our group is 我们组的平均成绩是 例 1 The average time Chinese people spend online is 17 hours per week. 中国人平均花在网上的时间是每周 17 个小时。 例 2 To their joy，their sons schoolwork is well above average. 使他们高兴的是，他们儿子的学习成绩远远高于平均水平。 造句 这个工厂工人平均每月的工资是多少？ Whats the worke
43、rs average income a month in this factory? 知识拓展 an average of 平均 with the/an average of 平均为 on (the/an) average 平均起来；在一般情况下 above/below (the) average 高于/低于平均数 即学即练 单句语法填空 Its a small shop，with an average of about 500 customers a week. On average，how much time do you spend on sports activities each w
44、eek? He was a good student and scored above average in most subjects. Sentence Pattern 重点句式 倍数表达法 (教材P68) However， making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而，生产一个纸袋所消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量是(生 产)塑料袋的三倍。 句式分析：four times as much
45、energy as 是倍数表达法，其句型为“倍数as much/manyn.as”。 例 1 Our company has published twice as many books as we did last year. 我们公司出版的书是去年的两倍。 例 2 Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks， but it cost twice as much as his. 彼得的上衣看上去和杰克的一样，但价钱却是他上衣的两倍。 造句 他拥有的书的数量是他妹妹的三倍。 He has got three times as many books as
46、 his younger sister. 知识拓展 常见的倍数句型： (1) 倍数asadj./adv.的原级as (2) 倍数adj./adv.的比较级than (3) 倍数the性质名词(size/length/width/height/depth ) of 即学即练 单句语法填空 This hill is four times the height(high) of that small one. The old railway is three times the length(long) of the new high- speed railway. Its said that th
47、e power plant is now twice as large as what it was. 名师点津 表示“两倍”时用 twice 或 double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数 词times”表达。 句子中表示倍数也可以用分数、 百分数、 half 等其他程度状语。 推理判断题之写作意图/目的 任何人写文章都有意图或目的，高考阅读理解时常会就这一问题进行命题， 主要考查考生对英语文本的整体感知或理解的能力， 做此类题的关键是要了解文 章的体裁和题材，把握住文章的主题思想。 例题剖析 The things we learn in maturity seldom involve infor
48、mation and skills.We learn to bear with the things we cant change. We learn to avoid self- pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love usan idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing. What does the author intend to tell us in the paragraph? AA tough man can tolerate suffering. BA wise man can live without selfpity. CA ma
