1、 UNIT 6 Disaster and hope Section B Using language 核心词汇核心词汇 词汇一词汇一 leave out 省略；遗漏；忽视，冷落省略；遗漏；忽视，冷落 教材原句 What has been left out in sentences（a）and（b）? 句子（a）和（b）中省略了什 么？ 要点必记 be left out 被忽视，被冷落 feel left out 觉得被忽视/ 冷落 归纳拓展 leave.alone 不管；不打扰 leave.aside 不予考虑，搁置一边 leave.behind 忘记带走，留下；落后；将抛在后面 leave
2、out of sth. 不包括，不提及 题组练领悟方法 单句语法填空 （1）Today，we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will _ （leave） out. （2）He hadnt been asked to the party and was feeling left . （3）He set off for Washington，leaving the children with their mother. （4）Now that he can make up his own mind，why not le
3、ave him ? 单句写作 （5）You （落后了）and your results are below average this time. （6）You （漏掉）a “c” in “satisfaction”. （7）Lets （不考虑这件事） for a moment. be left out behind alone get left behind leave /left out leave the matter aside 词汇二词汇二 forecast n. & v. 预测，预报预测，预报 教材原句 Technology isnt the only way to forecast
4、 the weather. 技术并不是预测天气的唯一方法。 要点必记 forecast sth. to do sth. 预测某物做某事 forecast that. 预测 the weather forecast 天气预报 学法点拨 forecast 中的fore- 是前缀，表示“在前部，预先”。前缀fore- 构成的其他单词还有： forehead 前额，foresee 预见，foretell 预言。 词语辨析 forecast 与 predict forecast 指借助某种信息或知识对将来可能发生的事进行预测、预报。 predict 指经过分析判断或根据经验预言将要发生某事。 单句语法填
5、空 （1）Earthquakes are difficult for us （forecast）. （2）The weatherman has forecast it will be fine tomorrow. （3）词汇复现Hurricane （forecast） for tomorrow. （4）With todays technology，scientists still have difficulty_（ forecast） earthquakes. 选词填空（forecast/predict） （5）No matter how carefully you plan your fin
6、ances，no one can when the unexpected will happen. （6）The newspaper that they would be totally beaten in the coming general election. to forecast that is forecast/forecasted forecasting predict forecast /forecasted 词汇三词汇三 reliable adj. 可信赖的，可靠的可信赖的，可靠的 教材原句 So，for accurate and reliable predictions，it
7、s best to check an official，scientific report. 因此，为了准确可靠的预测，最好查看官方的科学报告。 要点必记 reliable predictions 可靠的预测 reliable information 可靠的信息 a reliable friend 可靠的朋友 归纳拓展 rely on/depend on 依靠，依赖；信任，信赖 rely on/depend on it that. 相信，指望 单句语法填空 （1）She is a （rely）girl. We get along well with each other all the tim
8、e. （2）That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help. In short，hes （rely）. （3）Though he has shortcomings，he is a person （rely）on. 单句写作 （4）You may （相信） she wont change her mind. reliable reliable to rely rely on it that 词汇四词汇四 emergency n. 紧急情况，不测事件紧急情况，不测事件 教材原句 On hearing
9、the news，China was quick to start organising emergency aid. 听到这一消息后，中国迅速开始组织紧急援助。 要点必记 deal with emergency 应付紧急情况 emergency exit 紧急出口 emergency room 急救室 in an emergency 在紧急情况下 in case of emergency 万一遇到紧急情况 a state of emergency 紧急状态 单句写作 （1）During a fire drill，please exit immediately from the nearest
10、 _ （紧急出口）. （2）The audience need to know what to do_ （在紧急情况下）. （3）Ring the bell （遇到紧急情况时）. = ，ring the bell. （4）The government has declared_（紧急状态） following the earthquake. emergency exit in an emergency in an emergency In case of emergency a state of emergency 词汇五词汇五 rescue n. & v. 营救，解救营救，解救 教材原句 I
11、nternational rescue teams soon began to arrive in the country. 国际救援队很快开始抵达该国。 要点必记 （1）a rescue team 救援队 rescue workers 救援人员 come to the/ones rescue 来援救某人 （2）rescue. from. 把从中救出来 单句语法填空 （1）A number of soldiers were sent （rescue） the people trapped in the earthquake. （2）“Never for a second，” the boy s
12、ays，“did I doubt that my father would come _ my rescue. ” （3）They were trapped in the mountain，waiting to （rescue）. 单句写作 （4）The mother，along with her two children， （被从里救 出来）the sinking boat by a passing ship. （5）When we were trapped in the ruins，the soldiers （赶来 救援）. to rescue to be rescued was resc
13、ued from came to our rescue 词汇六词汇六 consist of 由由组成组成/ 构成（无被动语态和进行时态）构成（无被动语态和进行时态） 教材原句 Consisting of 62 people，it not only included rescuers and medical staff，but also included earthquake experts. 它由62人组成，不仅包括救援人员和医务人员，还包括地震专家。 要点必记 consist in 在于，取决于 be consistent with 与相一致/ 符合 归纳拓展 “由组成”的多种表达： （1）
14、整体+ consist of + 部分 （2）部分+ make up + 整体 整体+be made up of + 部分 （3）整体+be composed of+ 部分 误区警示 consist of 不用于被动语态和进行时态，但可用其现在分词形式consisting of 作后置定 语，如the soil mostly consisting of sand（ 主要由沙子构成的土壤）。类似的短语有date back to/from（追溯 到），belong to（属于）等。 单句语法填空 （1）2019 天津卷Most food webs，for instance，consist many
15、 weak links rather than a few strong ones. （2）The beauty of Mount Tai consists its charming scenery and rich culture. （3）The result is entirely consistent our earlier research. 单句写作 （4）The USA （ 由 组成）fifty states，one of which is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean. （5）The school board （由组
16、成） parents who have been elected to make decisions about school affairs. （6）His behaviour （与 相一致） his teaching. of in with consists of is made up of is consistent with 一句多译 生活中不仅有阳光，也有艰难的日子。 （7）Life sunshine and hard times. （8）Life sunshine and hard times. （9）Life sunshine and hard times. consists o
17、f is made up of is composed up of 词汇七词汇七 claim （1）v.（战争、事故等）夺去（生命）；声称，断言；索要，索取（战争、事故等）夺去（生命）；声称，断言；索要，索取 （2）n. 声称，断言；索赔声称，断言；索赔 教材原句 Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short period of time，they destroyed buildings and forests，and claimed over 256 lives. 由于短时间内的特大降雪，它们摧毁了建筑物和森林，夺去了超过256
18、人的生命。 要点必记 （1）claim ones life 夺去某人的生命 Its claimed that. 据称 claim that. 声称 claim to do sth. 声称要做某事 claim to have done sth. 声称做过某事 claim sth. back 要回某物 （2）make a claim 索赔 make a claim for. 提出索赔 写出句中claim 的含义 （1）They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease. _ （2）Did you claim on the insurance a
19、fter your car accident? _ （3）Some of the early claims that were made were false. _ 单句语法填空 （4）The earthquake （claim）over 100 lives so far. （5）They claimed they had found mysterious creatures with sharp teeth in the cave. （6）Since the criminal set fire on your goods，you can make a claim damages. 单句写作
20、（7）You can （要回你的钱） if the goods are damaged. （8）He （声称已经发现） a temple on the peak. 索赔索赔 声称声称 断言断言 has claimed that for claim your money back claims to have found 词汇八词汇八 threaten v. 威胁到，危及；威胁，恐吓威胁到，危及；威胁，恐吓 教材原句 It led to a severe food crisis and threatened the livelihoods of more than 9.5 million peo
21、ple. 它导致了严重的粮食危机，威胁到950 多万人的生计。 要点必记 （1）threaten ones life 危及某人的生命 threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事 threaten sb. with. 用威胁某人 be threatened with 受到威胁 （2）under threat 遭到威胁 a threat to. 对的威胁 make threats against sb. 对某人进行威胁 （3）threatening behaviour 威胁行为 a threatening letter 一封恐吓信 单词积累 threat n. 威胁，恐吓 threate
22、n v. threatening adj. 恐吓的，具有威胁的 单句语法填空 （1）If their habitat （threaten） or they cannot find enough food，their numbers may decrease. （2）When he selects news of the other kind，he usually withdraws from the world of _（threaten） reality toward the dream world. （3）These ancient woodlands are threat from ne
23、w road developments. 单句写作 （4）The constructor （威胁要停止） the road works if the money wasnt paid off. （5）Large areas of the jungle （现在面临的危 险） destruction. is threatened threatening under threatened to stop are now threatened with 重点句式重点句式 句式一句式一 the+ 序数词序数词 + 名词名词+ 不定式不定式 教材原句 .the China International Se
24、arch and Rescue Team（CISAR）was the first international heavy rescue team to arrive. 中国国际救援队是第一支抵达的。 要点必记 当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，通常用不定式作后置定语。被修饰词与不定 式之 间是逻辑上的主谓关系。 归纳拓展 不定式作后置定语的其他情况： 被修饰词被形容词最高级或the only，the very 等修饰时； 表示将来的动作时； 抽象名词ability，attempt，chance，promise，reason，time，way 等后常用不定 式作定语。 单句语法填空 （1）He
25、 was the first man （land） on the moon in July 1969. （2）If you give me a chance （speak），Ill explain. （3）You will be the only expert （make） a speech. （4）The girl is the best person （finish） the whole work. （5）For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something （eat）! 单句写作 （6）He is always （第
26、一个来）and （最后一个走）. to land to speak to make to finish to eat the first to come the last to leave 单元语法单元语法 省略省略 为了使语言简洁或避免重复，将句子中的某些成分省去，这种语言现象叫省略。 要点一要点一 并列句中的省略并列句中的省略 （1）省略共同的主语或宾语。 （2）若主语不同，而谓语部分的助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或 情态动词。 （3）若主语以及谓语动词均相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。 （4）若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。 （5）省略重复的介词、
27、连词及后续部分。 将以下的省略句补充完整 （1）汤姆捡起地板上的书，把它给了老师。 Tom picked up the book on the floor and handed it to his teacher. （2）杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。 Jack must have been playing football and Mary_ doing her homework. （3）他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。 His advice made me happy，but Jim angry. （4）他具备急救知识，但他的朋友不具备。 He has a knowled
28、ge of first aid but his friend doesnt . （5）他迟到了，因为他睡过了头误了火车。 He was late because he had overslept and missed the train. Tom must have been his advice made have a knowledge of first aid because he had 要点二要点二 状语从句中的省略状语从句中的省略 （ 1）在 when，while，whenever，until，if，unless，though，although，as if， as though，a
29、s，whether 等引导的状语从句中，若从句的主语与主句主语一致 （ 或从句主语是it），且从句谓语含有be 动词，可以省略从句的主语和 be 动词。 （ 2）在 than，however，whatever，no matter what 等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。 （ 3）如果虚拟条件句中有 were，had，should，常省略 if，并将 were，had，should 提前构成部分倒装。 单句语法填空 （1）While （compete）with his teammates，he hurt his leg. （2）Look out for cars when （cross） the
30、 street. （3）The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，not （ make）it more difficult. （4）When （ask） what he had done，John just kept silent. 同义句转换 （5）She went on working though she was tired. =She went on working . （6）If there should be a flood，what could we do? = a flood，what could we do?
31、 （7）If she were my daughter，I would be strict with her. = ，I would be strict with her. competing crossing to make asked though tired Should there be Were she my daughter 要点三要点三 定语从句与名词性从句中的省略定语从句与名词性从句中的省略 （ 1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词 whom，who，which，that 可省 略；在 the same.as 和such.as 引导的某些定语从句中，也可省略某些成分。 （
32、 2）在 know，think，consider，suppose，find，believe，say，decide 等动词 后所接的 宾语从句中，连接词 that 可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个 that 可以省 略，其余的则不能省略。 （ 3）由 which，when，where，how，why 引导的宾语从句，有时可全部或部分 省略。 （ 4）在与 suggest（建议），request，order，advise，recommend 等词相关的名 词性 从句中，应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用 “ should+ 动词原形”，should 可以 省略。 用省略句改写下列句子 （1）He
33、is the man whom/who/that you can safely depend on. _ （2）I dont like such books as these are. _ （3）He said that the text was very important and that we shouldnt leave out any details when retelling it. _ _ （4）She will come back，but he doesnt know when she will come back. _ （5）It is suggested that I s
34、hould divide the book into five sections. _ He is the man you can safely depend on. I dont like such books as these. She will come back，but he doesnt know when. He said the text was very important and that we shouldnt leave out any details when retelling it. It is suggested that I divide the book in
35、to five sections. 要点四要点四 动词不定式的省略动词不定式的省略 （1）want，wish，expect，hope，try，forget，would like 等后面出现与上文相同的 不定式 时，常保留不定式符号 to，而省略后面的内容。 （2）两个或两个以上的不定式表示并列关系时，第一个带to，后面的省略 to；但如果 两个不 定式表示对比关系，则to 不可省略。 （3）感官动词 see，look at，hear，listen to，notice，watch 等和使役动词 make， let， have 等后面作宾补的不定式要省略to，但此类动词的被动语态中的 to 不可省
36、略。 （ 4）在某些句式中，如果介词 but 前有实义动词 do 的某种形式，后面的不定式要省 略 to。 误区警示 当省略的不定式内含有作助动词用的have 或 be 的任何形式时，to 后要保留原形 have 或 be。 用省略句改写下列句子 （1）Please come to my house if you want to come to my house. _ （2）They managed to overcome all the difficulties and to finish the task ahead of schedule. _ 单句写作 （3）He didnt tell
37、 me （是继续下去还是停下来）. （4）The workers （被迫工作）day and night. Please come to my house if you want to. They managed to overcome all the difficulties and finish the task ahead of schedule whether to go on or to stop were made to work 要点五要点五 介词的省略介词的省略 一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常省略。常见的结构有： have difficulty/trouble（in）
38、doing sth.做某事有困难 be busy（in） doing sth. 忙于做某事 spend some time（in） doing sth.花费时间做某事 stop/prevent sb.（from） doing sth.阻止某人做某事 There is no sense/point（in） doing sth.做某事没有意义。 It is no good/use（in）doing sth. 做某事没有用。 单句写作 （1）I spent a lot of time_（打扫那个房间）. （2）Theyve put barriers up to_（阻止 人们通行）. 单句语法填空 （
39、3）James is busy （practise） for the school concert. （4）You cant imagine what difficulty we had （walk） home in the snowstorm. （in） cleaning that room stop/prevent people （from）getting through practising walking 要点六要点六 使用替代词使用替代词so，not 等的省略等的省略 在英语中，可以用 so，not 或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 误区警示 hope，guess，be afraid 的否定形式只能用not 的形式，不能用 not. so 的形式。 单句写作 （1）Has she ever been to London? _（我想她没去过）. （2）The boys are not doing a good job at all，are they? （我猜是没做好）. I dont think so/I think not I guess not
