1、Unit 1Unit 1 Laugh Out Loud! P3 GrammarP3 Grammar NonNon- -defining attributive clasusesdefining attributive clasuses a I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where theres a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension. b .laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means cl
2、own doctors can be helpful. c I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened. Look at the sentences from the reading passages and answer the questions. a clause with essential information What do “where”, “which”and “when” refer to in each sentences? Which sentences contain a clause wi
3、th essential information and which with extra information? If you take away the clauses, do the sentences still make sense? Which clauses are separated by a comma, the ones with essential information or the ones with extra information? The meaning of sentence c is incomplete. clauses with extra info
4、rmation Sentences a and b still make sense. 1. People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously. 2. I speak with the on-duty nurse, who tells me that Laras parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bic
5、ycle. 3. We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient. 1. People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of _ have been read hundreds of times previously. 2. I speak with the on-duty nurse, _ tells me t
6、hat Laras parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle. 3. We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, _keep us updated on each patient . Fill in the blanks with who or which. which who who go Ready? 1. 了解非限制性定语从句中关系了解非限制性定语从句中关系 词的使用规则及其与限制性定语词的使用
7、规则及其与限制性定语 从句的异同从句的异同; 2. 能够正确理解并运用非限制性能够正确理解并运用非限制性 定语从句。定语从句。 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 NonNon- -defining defining attributive clasusesattributive clasuses (1) St Petersburg, which is a very beautiful city, was once called Leningrad. (2) Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. (3) He came to t
8、he United States in 1914, when World Warbroke out. (4) Singapore, where I have lived for ten years, is a nice place. (5) The Queen will visit the town in May, when she will open the new hospital. 1. 同限制性定语从句一样，同限制性定语从句一样，非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 也可也可由由关系代词/关系副词引导，但从句中的引导，但从句中的 关系词不可省略关系词不可省略，关系代词，关系代词that和关
9、系副词和关系副词 why不可用于非限制性定语从句不可用于非限制性定语从句。 (1) Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a very long history. (2) This is New York, which I have visited for several times. (3) He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. (4) He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy.
10、 注：which引导的非限制性定语从句，其引导的非限制性定语从句，其先先 行词行词可以是主句中的可以是主句中的一个名词（指物）一个名词（指物），也，也 可以是可以是整个句子整个句子；which在从句中可作在从句中可作主语、主语、 宾语或定语等宾语或定语等。 which指指Beijing，在从句中作主语，在从句中作主语 which指指New York, 在从句作宾语，不可省略在从句作宾语，不可省略 which指前面的整个主句指前面的整个主句, 在从句作主语在从句作主语 which指前面的整个主句，指前面的整个主句，在从句作主语在从句作主语 as 可以像可以像which 一样引导一个定语从句一样引
11、导一个定语从句修饰整修饰整 个先行主句个先行主句，而不是某一个单词，常常可以译，而不是某一个单词，常常可以译 为为“正如，正像；这正如，正像；这”，而，而which 一般译为一般译为“这这”； as是关系词中是关系词中唯一可以置于句首唯一可以置于句首的关系词。的关系词。 (1) Taiwan belongs to China, as is known. 众所周知众所周知，台湾是属于中国的。，台湾是属于中国的。 (2) Things will turn out contrary to ones wishes, as/which is often the case. 事与愿违，事与愿违，这这是常有
12、的事。是常有的事。 (3) As the saying goes, “A years work begins with Spring.” 正如正如俗语所说，一年之计在于春。俗语所说，一年之计在于春。 2. 介词+ 关系代词也可引导也可引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 但在这种定语从句中，但在这种定语从句中，介词通常前置，关系代介词通常前置，关系代 词也不可省略词也不可省略。 (1) The car, for which I paid a lot of money, is now out of date. (2) I suggest you go to a specialist, from
13、whom you can get answers to most of your questions. (3) In this chapter, one of our problems is to discover the principles on which these tests are based. 3. 名词/代词/ 数词+ of + whom/which引引 导的非限制性定语从句。导的非限制性定语从句。 注：注：whose+ n. (人人/物物) = the + n. + of whom/which = of whom/which + the + n. (1) Many young
14、 people, most of whom were well- educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. (2016江苏，江苏，23) (2) This is the house, the window of which broke last night. (3) The people, all of whose homes had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross. (= whose window = of which the w
15、indow) (1) I saw the guy who delivers my mail in town yesterday. (2) Ill always remember the river where we learned to swim. (3) Do you know the reason why the sky is blue? (4) Shes the person whose daughter goes to Harvard. Group 1: Defining Attributive Clauses Group 2: Non-defining Attributive Cla
16、uses (1) Paris, where I spent six months studying, is the most beautiful city in the world. (2) The woman down the street, whose children are the same age as yours, invited us over for dinner next week. (3) The movie, which is my favorite comedy of all time, is being shown on TV tomorrow night. the
17、reason for what? 若去掉，句子若去掉，句子 含义不明确含义不明确 若去掉，不影若去掉，不影 响句子含义响句子含义 无逗号与主无逗号与主 句隔开句隔开 有逗号与主有逗号与主 句隔开句隔开 Read and Discuss Whats the differences between defining attributive clauses and non-defining attributive clauses? (1) This is the photo_ I took. (2) This is the pen _ he bought yesterday. (3) She is
18、the woman _ I know. (4) This is the book _ you asked for. (5) Thats the reason _ he is leaving so early. (6) The shed in our garden, _ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time. (7) She married Joe, _ surprised everyone. (8) The river, _ is now clean enough to swim in, was polluted
19、several years ago. (9) The author of the book, _ I met at a party last week, proved to be a well-known journalist. Fill in the blanks and compare. (which/that) (which/that) (who/whom/that) (that/which) why which which which whom (1) This is the photo_ I took. (2) This is the pen _ he bought yesterda
20、y. (3) She is the woman _ I know. (4) This is the book _ you asked for. (5) Thats the reason _ he is leaving so early. (which/that) (which/that) (who/whom/that) (that/which) why (6) The shed in our garden, _ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time. (7) She married Joe, _ surprised
21、 everyone. (8) The river, _ is now clean enough to swim in, was polluted several years ago. (9) The author of the book, _ I met at a party last week, proved to be a well-known journalist. which which which whom 引导词对比小结引导词对比小结 1)1)关系代词关系代词thatthat不能引不能引 导非限制性定语从句；导非限制性定语从句； 2)2)非限制性定语从句的非限制性定语从句的 关系代
22、词关系代词在任何情况下在任何情况下 都都不可省略不可省略； 3)3)关系副词关系副词whywhy不引导非不引导非 限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句。 Fill in the blanks and compare. Translate the following sentences and compare. (1) Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. Charles Smith 去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 (2) They rely on themselves, which is
23、 much better. 他们依靠自己，这样好的多。他们依靠自己，这样好的多。 (3) My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day. 我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。 (4) He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 Translate the following sentences and compare. (1) Charles Smith, who was my
24、former teacher, retired last year. Charles Smith 去年退休了，去年退休了， 他曾经是我的老师。他曾经是我的老师。 (2) They rely on themselves, which is much better. 他们依靠自己，这样好的多。他们依靠自己，这样好的多。 (3) My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day. 我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每 天都给我发电子邮件。天都给我发电子邮件。 (4) He is the man whose
25、 car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 翻译对比小结翻译对比小结 1)1)非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 通常译成通常译成主句的并列主句的并列 句句； 2)2)限制性定语从句译限制性定语从句译 成先行词的定语：成先行词的定语： “的的 ”。”。 , where 2 P5 Check your answers! , which will , where / through which you can learn a lot. , where youve Read the passage and rewrite the tips using non-d
26、efining attributive clauses. Add more tips to the list if you can. has lost his patience by now he thinks will impress Holmes is lying next to him he finds annoying 3 P5 Complete the joke with the sentence parts in the box using who / which and commas where appropriate. , who is lying next to him. ,
27、 which he finds annoying , which he thinks will impress Holmes. But , who has lost his patience by now, shouts, Complete the following sentences with correct words. 1. (2019(2019全国卷全国卷) )Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _ she opened with her late husband
28、 Les. 2. (2018(2018北京卷北京卷) )She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit. A. which B. who C. as D. that which 直击高考直击高考 A Reflection from a Teenager 1. The famous basketball star, _ is an American, came to China yesterday. 2. They are always smoking, _, of course, will do harm to their h
29、ealth. 3. I bought a car yesterday, _ cost me a lot. which which who Quiz I: Fill in the blanks with proper relative words. 4. Xian, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city. 5. He will come to see me next July, _ he wont be so busy. 6. The school, _ I once studied, was built thirty years ago. whic
30、h where when Quiz II: Complete the passage with relative pronouns and adverbs. where whose which whose which which who which when why 1. What do you know about the use of non-defining attributive clauses? 2. Can you tell the differences between the defining and non-defining attributive clauses? Can you use them properly? 1. Complete your own mind map about the attributive clauses. 2. Finish the exercises of the Grammar part in Learning English.
