1、Section Reading and Thinking Unit 3 .核心词汇 1_ n. 生态；生态学 2_ vt. otherwise, it will result _ great losses in the future. The terrible accident resulted _ his careless driving. as in from 据说缺乏信心导致他面试失败。 It was said that lack of confidence _ his failure in the interview. It was said that his failure in t
2、he interview _ lack of confidence. 由于购物太久，珍妮差点儿误了班机。 Jenny nearly missed the fight _ doing too much shopping. Jenny did too much shopping. _， she nearly missed the flight. resulted in resulted from as a result of As a result 联想拓展 result in 的近义词(组)有：cause，bring about, lead to, contribute to. 10.restr
3、ict vt.限制，限定(数量、范围等)；束缚，妨碍；约 束 (1)restrict.to. 将限定在内 restrict oneself/sb. to (doing) sth. 限制自己/某人只做某事 (2)restriction n. C制约因素；限制规定；U限制，约束 a restriction/restrictions on sth. 对某事的限制 without restriction 不受限制 (3)restrictive adj. 限制性的，约束的 We restrict the number of students per class to 10.我们将每 个班的学生人数限定为
4、10人。 I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day.我控制自己每天 只喝一杯咖啡。 即学即练 单句语法填空 The earliest studies have suggested a link between calorie _ (restrict) and slowing aging. We make no restrictions _ the kinds of films we showas long as a films quality meets our standards. Dont restrict yourself to _ (ma
5、ke) friendsit will help increase your knowledge. restriction on making 联想拓展 limit.to 将限定在内 11.seize vt.夺取；抓住，捉住；把握(机会、时机、主动等) seize sth.(from sb.) (从某人那里)夺取某物 seize sb. by the arm (seize sb.s arm) 抓住某人的胳膊 seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会 He seized the book from her hand.他从她手里夺过了书。 I seized him by
6、the arm and made him turn to look at me.我 抓住他的胳膊，让他转身看着我。 Seize the chance. Otherwise youll regret it.抓住这个机 会，否则你会后悔的。 即学即练 用seize的相关短语完成句子 这个小男孩抓住我的胳膊向我求助。 The little boy _ and asked me for help. 去年他抓住了一次周游世界的机会。 He _ to travel around the world last year. seized me by the arm/seized my arm seized a
7、 chance/an opportunity 随手记 其他表示抓住、捉住的词：grab，grasp，snatch，take，get hold of 第二版块第二版块|重点句型重点句型剖析剖析 1(教材P26)There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph)毫无疑问，地球正在变得 越来越暖和(见图表)。 “There is little/no doubt that.”为固定句型，意为“毫无 疑问”，that引导的是同位语从句，解释说明doubt的内 容。 There is little/no
8、 doubt that. There is little/no doubt that.意为“毫无疑问”，是一 个固定句型。在此句型中，that引导的是同位语从句，用来解释 说明doubt的具体内容，doubt在此作名词。 There is no doubt that they agree with you on this matter. 毫无疑问，他们在这件事上同意你的观点。 There is no doubt that friendship plays an important part in our life. 毫无疑问，友谊在我们的生活中起着重要作用。 (1)名词doubt若用在肯定句中
9、，后面接whether引导的同位 语从句(whether不可用if替换)。常见句型： There is some doubt whether. 是否有些疑问。 I have doubts whether. 我怀疑是否 have no doubt that. 不确定 There is some doubt whether he is the best man for the job. 他是否是那项工作的最佳人选，还存在疑问。 I always had doubts whether he would be the best man for the job. 我总是担心他是否是那个最适合做这项工作的
10、人。 (2)动词doubt若用在肯定句中，接whether/if引导的宾语从 句；若用在否定句或疑问句中，接that引导的宾语从句。 I doubt whether/if.我怀疑是否 I dont/never doubt that.我不怀疑；我相信 You can complain，but I doubt if itll make any difference.你 可以抱怨，但是我看未必有用。 即学即练 单句语法填空 There is no doubt _ in your mind he is innocent, is there? There is some doubt _ he will
11、succeed. I have no doubt _ you can do this job well. I dont doubt _ the gold ring belongs to her. I doubt _ that chair will bear your weight. that whether that that if/whether 2(教材P26) An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeare
12、d to have starved and died. 一位多年研究北极熊的专家 说，从北极熊尸体所处位置来看，它看起来是死于饥饿。 不定式的完成式 动词不定式的完成式to have done，表示动作发生在谓语动 词所表示的动作之前。在appear，seem，think，consider， believe等表示看法与想法的动词后用动词不定式的完成式时， 其结构也常用以it作形式主语的结构代替。 I am really sorry to have given you so much trouble. 给你添了这么多麻烦，我真抱歉。 He was believed to have been a
13、reporter. 人们相信他曾经当过记者。 He seems to have cut off the water supply.It seems that he has cut off the water supply. 他好像已切断了供水。 (1)不定式的完成式常同expect，hope等连用，表示预计将 来完成的动作。 I expect to have read this book by Friday. 我预计星期五前就读完这本书。 I hope to have finished the work by the end of the year. 我希望年底前就完成这项工作。 (2)不定式
14、的完成式也可与mean，think，intend，promise等 表示意图、打算、计划等的动词连用，表示想做但未曾实现的 愿望或计划等。 I intended to have come to see you. 我本打算来看你的。(但没能来) I meant to have called you last night. 我本打算昨晚给你打电话的。(但没打电话) 即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作 While regularly eating out seems _ (become) common for many young people in recent years, its not wit
15、hout a cost. He is thought _ (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 认识了这么多新朋友，我感到非常幸运。 _ to have become to have acted I feel very lucky to have made so many new friends. .单词拼写 1The house should be _ (适合居住的)by the new year. 2The consultant was busy studying the _(
16、详尽 的)report then. 3Oil pollution could damage the _ (生态学)of the coral reefs. 4There is a growing _(趋势)towards earlier retirement in that country. 5The boy will try his best to _(抓住) the golden chance to go abroad. habitable comprehensive ecology trend seize 6Because of the _(政策) of reform and openin
17、g, China has taken on a new look over the past decades. 7Generally speaking，having small children tends to _(限制) your freedom. 8The badnewsis that the ice has begun to _(融化) as a result of global warming. 9His comments are bound to add _ (燃料) to the debate. 10There is _ (遍及全球的) concern about the des
18、truction of the rainforests. policy restrict melt fuel worldwide .单句语法填空 1The smell _(release) from the hole made us a little sick. 2The thieves _ (seize) by the policemen were taken to the police station. 3The government placed _(restrict) on sales of weapons. 4I used to go to that old temple _(fre
19、quent) as a child. 5China will remain a large and _(sustain) consumer of raw materials. released seized restrictions frequently sustainable 6Thousands of men,women and children there are facing _ (starve) now. 7Most of the citizens were interested in the news _ (broadcast) yesterday. 8Large amounts
20、of water _ (pollute) in the past five years. 9Poetry is an interesting form of writing. It is very free, has few _(restrict) and can be a great way to expressfeelings. starvation broadcast have been polluted restrictions 10David admitted that his car crashed into his neighbors garden and promised to
21、 take responsibility _that. 11It remains _ (see) whether online teaching will replace traditional classroom teaching. 12I have checked your homework, and you seem _ (make) amistake here. for to be seen to have made .课文语法填空 In recent years, climate change has had a great impact 1._ the animals. In 20
22、13, the whole world 2._ (shock) at a news photo of a dead polar bear on Norways Arctic island of Svalbard. Due to the increase in temperature, the polar bear seemed 3._ (die) from lack of food. on was shocked to have died According to climate scientists, a key climate process, 4._ is called the “gre
23、enhouse effect”， includes the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man- made” greenhouse effect. The former refers to the fact that heat from the sun 5._ (enter) the atmosphere and warms Earths surface. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of the heat, 6._ (keep) Earths climate warm and habi
24、table. However, the latter has become 7._ big problem. When people burn fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earths surface temperature to rise 8._ (quick) which enters keeping a quickly The evidence shows that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extre
25、me weather and natural 9._ (disaster) worldwide. Climate scientists warn that this warming trend will become 10._ (bad) if we do not take appropriate measures. The severe situation requires people all over the world to pay more attention to it, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of
26、 us on this planet. disasters worse Section Learning About Language .核心词汇及拓展 1_ n. 流域；盆地；盆 2_ n. 企鹅 3_ vt. 使生效；贯彻；执行 4_ adj. 适度的；中等的；温和的 vi. & vt. 缓和；使适中 5_ adj. 热带的；来自热带的 6_ n. (热带)丛林；密林 basin penguin implement moderate tropical jungle 7_ vt. (过去式_，过去分词_) 经历；经受(变化、不快等) 8_ adj. 每年的，一年的，n.年刊；年鉴 _ adv
27、. 每年 9_ vi. & vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造 n. 改革；变革；改良 10_ n. 混乱；杂乱；紊乱 11_ adj. 原子能的；核能的；原子核的 12_ adj. 敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的 undergo underwent undergone annual annually reform chaos nuclear sensitive .核心词汇讲解 1in search of 寻找；寻求 She went into the kitchen in search of a drink. 她进了厨房，想找点喝的。 The rescue workers were working
28、hard in search of those survivors in the flood. 救援人员正努力寻找洪水中的那些幸存者。 归纳拓展 “inn.of”型的其他短语： in praise of 称赞，歌颂 in possession of 拥有 in favour of 支持，赞同 in charge of 负责，管理 in need of 需要 in memory of 为纪念，为追悼 in honour of. 为向表示敬意 即学即练 用“inn.of”型短语完成句子 The villagers in polluted areas walk very long distances
29、 _clean water every day. My parents arent _ me going abroad for education, fearing that Im too young to take care of myself. The meeting started with three minutes silence _ those who had died in the earthquake. The manager is now _ a capable assistant that he can count on to cope with problems in h
30、is absence. The person who is _the factory has been in hospital since last week. in search of in favour of in memory of in need of in charge of 名师点津 in search of短语中search前不加任何修饰词。 2on behalf of 代表(或代替某人)；为了(某人)；为帮助 (某人) On behalf of my company I would like to thank you all. 我谨代表我的公司向你们所有人表示感谢。 Im ve
31、ry glad to put on a performance here on behalf of our school.我很高兴在这里代表我们学校进行演出。 She gave a piano recital on behalf of a charity. 她为帮助一个慈善机构举办了一场钢琴演奏会。 They campaigned on behalf of the victims of the war. 他们为这场战争的受害者发起了运动。 即学即练 完成句子 我代表这里的每个人祝愿你归国途中一切顺利。 _ everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey
32、 when you go back to your country. On behalf of 联想拓展 on behalf of和represent都可以表示“代表”， 前者是短语介词，后者是动词。 Discover Useful Structures Grammar直接引语变间接引语直接引语变间接引语 诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性。 1She said to me, “I came back an hour ago.” 2He said (that) he wanted to buy a dictionary. 3He told me (that) he liked English v
33、ery much. 4She said, “Did you see him last night？” 5“You have finished the homework, havent you？” my mother asked. 6“What do you want to eat tonight？” he asked me. 7She asked me when I would go there and help her. 共性呈现 1句1、4、5、6中，画线部分均放在了引号内部，为直接 引语。 2句2、3、7中，画线部分均为宾语从句，没有使用引号 为间接引语。 语法精释 直接引语变间接引语(
34、陈述句和疑问句) 1直接引语和间接引语 引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原 话，叫作直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话， 叫作间接引语(indirect speech)。 一般来讲，直接引语前后要加引号；间接引语不用加引 号，常用宾语从句来表达。 He said, “Im a student.”(直接引语) He said that he was a student.(间接引语) 2直接引语变为间接引语时句子结构的变化 (1)直接引语为陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时用连接词that引导 (that在口语中常省去)，that从句之前常用s
35、ay，tell等引述动词。 He said, “My father never talks much about the war.” He said that his father never talked much about the war. (2)直接引语为一般疑问句或反意疑问句 直接引语如果是一般疑问句或反意疑问句，变为间接引语 时用连接词whether或if引导，常用的引述动词(短语)为ask， wonder, want to know等。语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重 要。 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with your pronun
36、ciation？” He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you？” He asked whether/if I was interested in English. (3)直接引语为选择疑问句 直接引语如果是选择疑问句，变为间接引语时用连接词 whether或if引导。但句中出现or not时，只能用whether。 He asked, “Do you speak English or French？
37、” He asked me whether/if I spoke English or French. (4)直接引语为特殊疑问句 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，原来的疑 问词作为间接引语的引导词，常用的引述动词(短语)为ask， wonder，want to know等。疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。 He asked, “Whats your name？” He asked (me) what my name was. 即学即练1 把下列直接引语变为间接引语 “I am having breakfast，” he said. He said that _having breakfa
38、st. “Ive seen the play，” Gina said to me. Gina _ me that she _ the play. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the earth.” The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the earth. “I met her yesterday，” he said to me. He told me that he _ met her the day _. “You can come here before eight，” he sai
39、d. He said that I _ go _ before eight. he was told had seen is had before could there “Did you read the book last week？” he said. He _ _ I had read the book the week _. He said, “You can sit here, Tom.” He _ Tom that he _ sit there. He asked, “How did you find the lost necklace, mother？” He asked hi
40、s mother _ found the lost necklace. “Where have you been these days？” he asked. He asked me _ been _ days. “Do you know where she lives？” he asked. He asked _ knew where she _. asked if/whether before told could how she had where I had those if/whether I lived He asked Tome，“When will you buy the re
41、d coat？” He asked Tom _buy the red coat. “Whats wrong with you？” Lily asked me. Lily asked me _ with _. when he would what was wrong me 3.直接引语变为间接引语时，人称、时态、指示代词、时 间状语、地点状语和动词等都要发生相应的变化 (1)人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 直接引语 间接引语 例 句 引述内容中的 第一人称 与主句主语的人 称保持一致 He says，“I like maths very much.”He says that h
42、e likes maths very much. 引述内容中的 第二人称 与主句宾语的人 称保持一致 He said to Lily，“You must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early. 引述内容中的 第三人称 保持不变 She said to me，“They want to help him.”She told me that they wanted to help him. (2)时态的变化规则 主现从不限；主过从四过(即4种过去的时态：一般过去 时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时)；客观真理，只用 一般现在
43、时。 主句是一般现在时，从句可保留原时态(任意时态均 可)。 主句是过去时态，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在 时改成一般过去时；现在进行时改成过去进行时；一般将来时 改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时用过去完成时；过 去完成时不变。 He said，“He has gone home.” He said that he had gone home. 主句是过去时态，从句讲述客观真理时，从句仍用一般 现在时。 Our teacher told us，“The moon moves round the earth.” Our teacher told us the moon moves ro
44、und the earth. (3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和个别动词的变化 直接引语 间接引语 指示 代词 this these that those 时间 状语 now today tonight this week yesterday the day before yesterday last week three days ago tomorrow next week then that day that night that week the day before two days before the week before three days before the next
45、 day/the following day the next week/the following week 地点 状语 here there 动词 come bring go take 特别注意 直接引语变为间接引语后，引述的话不用改变 语序的情况有： 当who为主语时，变为间接引语后语序为：who谓语 其他。 What is the matter with.？和What is wrong with.？ 句式在间接引语中不改变语序。 He asked me， “What is the matter with you？” He asked me what was the matter with me. 4引述动词 直接引语为祈使句，变成间接引语时，要根据句意及说话 人语气使用ask, order, tell, suggest, advise, beg, request, command, warn, remind等动词转述。 “Make sure the light is off，” she said to her students. She told her students to make sure the light was off. “Dont cry any more，” he said to
