1、阅读理解专题 山东省聊城市 2020 届高三上学期期末考试英语试题 第一节（共第一节（共 15 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 37.5 分）分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 1. Admission and School Policies The enrollment(注册) of a pupil to the School is subject to the School s Admissio
2、n and Entry policies and other policies and procedures revised by the School from time to time. 4. Fees School Fees are listed on the Fee Schedule and vary from time to time. A full terms tuition must be paid for any term during which the pupil is in attendance &n
3、bsp;regardless of the number of days attended. If tuition fees have not been paid, the Refundable Deposit shall be used to pay the tuition fees and the parents/guardians remain responsible for the rest. The School reserves the right to exclude(开除) a pupil if tuition or
4、other fees are not paid in full by the due date. 2. Withdrawal by Parent/Guardian If a parent/guardian desires to withdraw a child for any reason from the school that parent/ guardian shall give a minimum of six weeks written withdrawal notice to the School. Notic
5、e received during a school holiday will be considered to have been received on the first day of the following term. 3. Refundable Deposit(押金押金) When a pupil is offered a place the parent/ guardian shall immediately pay the required Refundable Deposit. This is to s
6、ecure enrollment at the School until the termly or annual fees have been paid. The Refundable Deposit is refundable, and shall be without interest and without taking into account changes in exchange rates. 5. Termination by the school The school may terminate(终止)
7、this agreement when permanent exclusion or removal is required. The School shall not take such action without good cause and full consultation with parents/ guardians and the pupil. Parents/ guardians have the right to appeal on a decision to permanently exclude a pupil
8、. 1. How long in advance should a written withdrawal notice be given? A. A whole holiday. B. At least six weeks. C. A whole term. D. At least one day. 2. What do we know about tuition fees? A. They must be fully paid. B. They stay the same every year
9、. C. They vary with the number of days attended. D. They cant be paid with the refundable deposit. 3. In which section of a schools brochure might the text appear? A. Study Tips. B. Application Procedures. C. Terms and Conditions. D. Frequently Asked Questions. &
10、nbsp;【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。主要说明了一所学校的入学及学校政策、退学、押金和学费等细则条款。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 2. Withdrawal by Parent/Guardian 部分中 If a parent/guardian desires to withdraw a child for any reason from the school, that parent/ guardian shall give a minimum of six wee
11、ks written withdrawal notice to the School. (如家长/监护人因任何原因欲将子女退学，须最少提前六星期向学校 发出书面退学通知)可知退学通知书应至少提前六周发出。故选 B。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 4. Fees 部分中 A full terms tuition must be paid for any term during which the pupil is in attendance regardless of the number of days attended. (无论学生上课的天
12、数多少，在任何学期，都必 须支付一个学期的学费)可知学费必须全额支付。故选 A。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。结合文章主要说明了一所学校的入学及学校政策、退学、押金和学费等细则条款。可 知文章最有可能出现在学校宣传册的条款及细则部分。故选 C。 B A call came into Jimmy Gilleeces bar. A newly married woman, who had spent the afternoon at his bar, couldnt find her wallet. She didnt care abou
13、t her ID, credit cards, or 150 in cash-but her wedding ring was inside. Gilleece, 42, didnt like the idea that a theft could have occurred at his place. So he determined to find the wallet. He spent hours on videos from surveillance (监控) cameras, watching the womans every step in &
14、nbsp;the bar. Within minutes, a young man approached the bar, put something in his pocket, and walked off. Gilleece posted a clip (视频片段) on the bars Facebook page to find out who the young man was. Within hours, Gilleece got a text from 17-year-old Rivers Prather, who said hed done it be
15、cause he hadnt eaten in two days. He said he saw the ring but thought it was fake, so he took the money and threw the wallet into the ocean. Then he bought a sandwich. Gilleece told the teen to meet him at the docks (码头). There they talked a lot and Gilleece knew that Prather
16、 was from a poor family. Seeing the teenagers small build, Gilleece thought he was more of a kid than a criminal. However, because of the missing ring, Prather could be put into prison. Gilleece decided to help the kid. He hired two local divers to search the waters where the wallet had
17、 been thrown. More than an hour passed, with no sign of the ring. Gilleece grew worried. And then a diver popped up. In his hand was the wallet, and inside was the ring. When Gilleece called the wallets owner, she burst into tears and immediately dropped the charge against Pr
18、ather for stealing the ring. 4. What did the woman value most in her wallet? A. Her ID. B. Her credit cards. C. Her money. D. Her wedding ring. 5. What did Prather do after getting the wallet? A. He kept the ring. B. He spent the money in it. C. He threw it in a d
19、ustbin. D. He returned it to the owner. 6. Why did Gilleece help Prather? A. To teach the child a lesson. B. To meet the customer s demand. C. To save the forgivable child. D. To win back the reputation of his bar. 7. What would happen to Prather next? A. He would be se
20、nt to prison. B. He would not be accused by the woman. C. He would get a job in Gilleeces bar. D. He would live a better life ever after. 【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。记叙了 Jimmy Gilleece 的酒吧中一位女士丢失了钱包，钱包里有她最珍视的结婚 戒指。Jimmy Gilleece 找到了捡到钱包的年轻人 Rivers P
21、rather，但是 Rivers Prather 拿了钱包里的钱 将钱包丢进了海里。Gilleece 觉得 Prather 只是个孩子，于是决定帮助他，最终找到了戒指，Prather 也被撤销了指控。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。 根据第一段中 She didnt care about her ID, credit cards, or 150 in cash-but her wedding ring was inside. (她不在乎她的身份证、信用卡或 150 美元现金但她的结婚戒指在里面)可知那位妇女 最珍视钱包里的结婚戒指。故选 D。 【5
22、 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中 He said he saw the ring but thought it was fake, so he took the money and threw the wallet into the ocean. (他说他看到了戒指，但认为是假的，所以他拿了钱，把钱包扔进了大 海)可知 Prather 得到钱包后，他把里面的钱花了。故选 B。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 Seeing the teenagers small build, Gilleece thought he was mor
23、e of a kid than a criminal. However, because of the missing ring, Prather could be put into prison.(看到这个少年的 小个子，Gilleece 觉得他更像个孩子，而不是罪犯。然而，因为丢失戒指，Prather 可能会被关进监 狱)可知 Gilleece 帮助 Prather 是因为他认为 Prather 是个可原谅的孩子。故选 C。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 When Gilleece called the wallets owner, she
24、 burst into tears and immediately dropped the charge against Prather for stealing the ring. (当Gilleece打电话给钱包的主人时， 她哭了起来，并立即撤销了对 Prather 偷戒指的指控)可知接下来 Prather 不会被那个女人指控。故选 B。 C Sleep, considered a luxury by many, is essential for a persons wellbeing. Researchers have found tha
25、t insufficient sleep increases a persons risk of developing severe medical conditions. such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Now, a new study by Bostons Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT) has found that getting sufficient sleep is also the key to improvi
26、ng academic performance. Jeffrey Grossman, who led the research. was not trying to find the link between sleep and grades when he handed out Fitbits to the 100 students in his introduction to Solid-State Chemistry class. Instead, the professor of Computational Materials Science hop
27、ed the popular wrist-worn device which. tracks a persons activity 24/7, would show a connection between physical exercise and academic achievement. However, the study, published in the journal Science Learning on October 1, 2019, discovered a surprising insight. Then was a straight
28、-line relationship between the average amount of sleep a student got and his/her grade on the 11 quizzes, three midterms, and the final exam administered during the semester. Even more interesting, it was also not sufficient for students to just head to bed early the night before a
29、;test. Instead, its the sleep you get during the days when learning is happening that matters most. The time students went to bed each night was similarly important. Those who went to bed in the early hours of the morning performed poorly, even if the total sleep time was the same as a h
30、igher - performing student. When you go to bed matters. Grossman says. If you go to bed after 2, your performance starts to go down even if you get the same seven hours. So, quantity isnt everything. 8. What is the new finding about sleep? A. Its essential for a persons healt
31、h. B. Sleeping less may cause obesity. C. Sleeping too much is dangerous. D. Ample sleep leads to better grades. 9. What does the underlined word Fitbits in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Wearable devices. B. Questionnaires. C. Fitness equipment. D. Smartphones. 10. Which of
32、the following best describes the final result the new study? A. Doubtful. B. Predictable. C. Disappointing. D. Unexpected. 11. What will benefit students study according to Grossman? A. Sleeping for 5 hours each day. B. Heading to bed at 3 a.m every day. C. Getting enou
33、gh sleep while learning. D. Going to bed early only before a test. 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，睡眠质量不足除了对身体健康造成不良影响之外，也会对学习 成绩产生影响。好的睡眠质量是提高学习成绩的关键。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 Now, a new study by Bostons Massachusetts I
34、nstitute of Technology ( MIT) has found that getting sufficient sleep is also the key to improving academic performance. (现在， 波 士顿麻省理工学院的一项新研究发现，充足的睡眠也是提高学习成绩的关键)可知关于睡眠的新发现 是充足的睡眠会带来更好的成绩。故选 D。 【9 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据后文 Instead, the professor of Computational Materials Science hoped the p
35、opular wrist-worn device which tracks a persons activity 24/7, would show a connection between physical exercise and academic achievement.可知相反， 这位计算材料科学的教授希望这个流行的腕带设备能够 显示出体育锻炼和学术成就之间的联系。可知 Fitbits 指的是一种可以穿戴的设备。故选 A。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中 However, the study, published in th
36、e journal Science Learning on October 1, 2019, discovered a surprising insight.(然而，发表在 2019 年 10 月 1 日科学学习杂志上 的这项研究却有一个惊人的发现)中 surprising令人惊奇的可推知这项新研究的最终结果是让人意 想不到的。故选 D。 【11 题详解】 推理判断题。 根据倒数第二段中 Instead, its the sleep you get during the days when learning is happening that m
37、atters most.(相反， 最重要的是你在学习期间的睡眠)以及最后一段中When you go to bed matters. Grossman says. If you go to bed after 2, your performance starts to go down even if you get the same seven hours. So, quantity isnt everything.(什么时候睡觉很重要。Grossman 说。如果你在 2 点以后睡觉， 即使你睡了 7 个小时，你的表现也会开始下降。所以，数量并不是一切)可知 Gross
38、man 认为学习时 睡眠充足将有利于学生的学习。故选 C。 【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 定义猜词， 可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。 如文中常用 refer to， be called 或 thats to say， such as 等。 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since ,because 等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样
39、、相 反或是前因后果。 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时 还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代 词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一 致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。 如第二小题，根据后文 Instead, the professor of Computational Materials Sc
40、ience hoped the popular wrist-worn device which tracks a persons activity 24/7, would show a connection between physical exercise and academic achievement.可知相反， 这位计算材料科学的教授希望这个流行的腕带设备能够 显示出体育锻炼和学术成就之间的联系。可知 Fitbits 指的是一种可以穿戴的设备。故选 A。 D The French Danone company is the
41、latest to replace some plastic water bottles with aluminum (铝) cans. Competitors like Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and Nestle have also started selling water in aluminum cans. Replacing plastic water bottles that pollute the seas with recyclable aluminum cans should be an easy way to help th
42、e environment, right? Maybe not. Aluminum cans might result in less ocean waste, and the metal containers also are lighter than glass or plastic bottles, but they also come with their own cost to the environment. The production of an aluminum can is estimated to release two t
43、imes as much carbon dioxide into the air as a plastic bottle. Thats the dilemma youre going to have to choose between, said Ruben Griffioen, an official at beermaker Heineken. He said his company was Lrying to reduce the use of plastic bottles. Bruce Karas of Coca - Cola North Amer
44、ica agreed. He said, Theres a mix. There are some things that are not that desirable, but if you have five good things and one that isnt, well all have to make decisions. He added, Itll never be that clean. Bottled water is a 19 billion industry. Although its use of cans is increas
45、ing, experts say cans are unlikely to completely replace plastic bottles. Aluminum is costlier than plastic so canned drinks mean higher prices for buyers. Another major consideration is user convenience-cans stay open while bottles can be reclosed. More importantly, there is
46、;one barrier to ending the use of plastic water bottles: There may not be enough cans to go around. Beer and wine makers are now also increasingly using aluminum. 12. Whats the advantage of aluminum cans? A. They are pollution-free. B. They are lighter. C. They are cost-effec
47、tive. D. They are low-carbon. 13. What is Karass attitude to replacing plastic bottles with aluminum cans? A. Supportive. B. Disapproving. C. Neutral D. Indifferent. 14. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The wide application of aluminum cans. B. The promising fu
48、ture aluminum cans C. The major advantages of aluminum cans. D. The unavoidable limitations of aluminum cans. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. Aluminum Cans or Plastic Bottles? B. A Blessing or a Misfortune? C. How to Deal with Plastic Bottles? D. Why Do We C
49、hoose Aluminum Cans? 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了铝罐代替塑料或玻璃瓶的优势，如铝罐可能会减少海洋垃圾，金 属容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶轻，但它们也会给环境带来代价，文章还说明了使用铝罐的一些局限性。 【12 题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第四段中 Aluminum cans might result in less ocean waste, and the metal containers also &n
50、bsp;are lighter than glass or plastic bottles, but they also come with their own cost to the environment. (铝罐可 能会减少海洋垃圾，金属容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶轻，但它们也会给环境带来代价)可知铝罐的优点是 它们更轻。故选 B。 【13 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段第一句 Bruce Karas of Coca - Cola North America agreed. (来自北美可口 可乐公司的 Bruce Karas 对此表示赞同)可知 Karas 对用铝罐
51、代替塑料瓶持支持态度。故选 A。 【14 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中 More importantly, there is one barrier to ending the use of plastic water bottles: There may not be enough cans to go around.(更重要的是，停止使用塑料水瓶有一个障碍：可能 没有足够的罐子)结合本段主要说明了铝罐的造价高和数量不够等一些不可避免的局限性，故选 D。 【15 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段 Replacing pl
52、astic water bottles that pollute the seas with recyclable aluminum cans should be an easy way to help the environment, right? (用可回收的铝罐代替污染海洋的 塑料水瓶应该是一种帮助环境的简单方法，对吗？) 文章主要说明了铝罐代替塑料或玻璃瓶的优势， 如铝罐可能会减少海洋垃圾，金属容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶轻，但它们也会给环境带来代价，文章还 说明了使用铝罐的一些局限性。故 A 选项铝罐还是塑料瓶？最符合文章标题。故选 A。 山东省泰安市 2020 届
53、高三英语上学期期末考试试题 一、阅读理解（本大题共 15 小题，共 37.5 分） A Hands-on activities can enrich a trip by creating fond memories and instilling knowledge about the local culture through interactivity In Japan， a wide range of activities are offered to tourists at single workshops， many open air museums，as well as
54、craft villages across Japan Fruit picking Typical duration：30 to 60 minutes Typical price range：800 to 3000 yen Many farms across Japan offer fruit picking opportunities to touristsThe common procedure is for the visitor to get charged for a certain time period during which he/
