1、1 非谓语动词非谓语动词 分词分词 ： 现在分词和过去分词现在分词和过去分词 一、现在分词形式一、现在分词形式 1. 一般式一般式 （1）主动式）主动式 doing (2) 被动式被动式 being done 2. 完成式完成式 （1）主动式）主动式 having done (2) 被动式被动式 having been done 当非谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，就用完成式。当非谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓
2、语动作之前时，就用完成式。 当非谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动作之后时， 或与主句谓语当非谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动作之后时， 或与主句谓语 动作同时发生时，就用一般式。动作同时发生时，就用一般式。 二、二、何时用现在分词？何时用现在分词？ 1.vt. （及物动词）后有宾语时，非谓语动词用（及物动词）后有宾语时，非谓语动词用 doing. 2.vi.(不及物动词）非谓语动词用不及物动词）非谓语动词用 doing. 3.vi.+介词介词+宾语时，非谓语动词用宾语时，非谓语动词用 doing. 三、三、过去分词形
3、式过去分词形式 done 表完成和被动；动词的过去分词有时相当于形容词。表完成和被动；动词的过去分词有时相当于形容词。 2 四、四、何时用过去分词？何时用过去分词？ vt. （及物动词）后没有宾语时，非谓语动词用（及物动词）后没有宾语时，非谓语动词用 done. 五、分词做表语五、分词做表语 分词没有分词没有名词的性质，所以不能作主语。但是分词有形容词 的性质，可以作表语，多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等，可被 very, quite, rather 等副词修饰。 1. 现在分词即 doing, 中
4、文为“令人”之意，主语多为物。 2. 过去分词即 done, 中文为“感到”之意，主语多为人。 过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态。 常见分词有: astonishing/ astonished(惊奇）; moving/ moved（感动）; tiring/ tired（疲劳）; disappointing/ disappointed （失望） ; puzzling/ puzzled （困惑） ; shocking/ shocked（震
5、惊）; boring/ bored （厌烦， 厌倦） ; amusing/ amused （愉快， 开心）; exciting/ excited; 3 satisfying/ satisfied（满足，满意）等 六、分词做宾语补足语六、分词做宾语补足语 （一）（一） 现在分词做宾语补足语现在分词做宾语补足语 observe，notice, see, watch, look at, hear, find, keep, have, feel, get,
6、catch, send, leave +sb./ sth. +doing sth. sb./ sth. 和 doing 之间存在主谓关系(主动关系)，强调动作正 在进行，尚未完成。 I found her listening to the radio. The girl was caught cheating in the exam. （二） 过去分词做宾语补足语分词做宾语补足语 observe，notice, see, watch, look at, hear, find, keep, have, feel, &
7、nbsp;get, catch, send, leave +sb./ sth.+done sb./ sth.和done之间存在动宾关系(被动关系)， 动作已经完成， 多强调状态。 We found the village changed. I had our house repaired last week. The guests left the dishes untouched. 4 五、五、分词做定语分词做定语 （一）（一） 现在分词做定语现在分词做定语 与被修饰词之间是
8、主谓关系， 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生； 如表被动用 being done 结构 The topic dealing with housing problems refers to us all. The topic being discussed now refers to us all. （二）（二） 过去过去分词做定语分词做定语 与被修饰词之间是被动关系， 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前， 现已经完成，也表“被动完成”或仅表“完成” The topic discussed just now referr
9、ed to us all. 六、六、分词做状语分词做状语 1. 做时间、原因、条件、让步状语时，可放句首、句中或句 末，可与相对应的状语从句互转。 2. 做结果状语时，往往放主句后，主动用 doing，被动用 done(可与 with 结构或与 and 连接的并列句互转) He died, leaving his work unfinished. 5 He died, with his work unfinished. He died, and left his
10、work unfinished. 3. 做伴随状语时通常用动词做伴随状语时通常用动词 ing 形式，即形式，即 doing. 4. 现在分词做状语现在分词做状语 现在分词做状语时，现在分词做状语时，非谓语动词与主句和从句的主语都是 主谓关系(即主动关系)，并且主句和从句的主语是一致的。 1. 现在分词做状语从句时，如果分词的动作与主句谓语动词 动作同时或几乎同时发生时， 用分词的一般式 doing（主动）, 被 动式为 being done; (While) waiting for the bus, I
11、 caught sight of her. (时间) 2. 现在分词做状语从句时，如果分词的动作先于主句谓语动 词动作发生，往往与一段时间连用时，用分词的完成式 having done，被动式为 having been done Not having made full preparations, we decided to put off the conference. (原因) 5. 过去过去分词做状语分词做状语 过去分词做状语时，过去分词做状语时，非谓语动词与主句和从句的主语都是 动
12、宾关系(即被动关系)，并且主句和从句的主语也是一致的。选 用分词的被动式有 done, having been done 或 being done。 6 Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming his shyness. (让步) (If) given enough time, we could have finished the task. (条 件) Having been separated from
13、 other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world. (原因) 七、七、作插入语的常用非谓语动词结构作插入语的常用非谓语动词结构 1. to tell you the truth(说老实话) To tell you the truth, I hate him. 2. to
14、 be frankto be honest(坦率地说) To be frank, I dont agree with what you said. 3. to begin/start with(首先) To begin/start with, Id like to say something about myself. 4. to be brief(简言之) 5. to make a long story short(长话短说) 6. to be exa
15、ct to be precise(精确地说) 7. to say nothing of(姑且不说) 7 8. to conclude(总而言之), 9. to be sure(诚然、固然), 10. generally / honestly / strictly / frankly（要用副词）（要用副词） speaking(总的来说/老实说/严格地说/坦率地说) 11. talking / speaking of.(谈到/提到) 12. supposing / sup
16、pose/ assuming/ providing / provided+ that+从句 (假如/ 如果) Provided/Providing the price is right, well buy everything you produce. 13. Seeing that+从句(既然/由于) 14. judging from/ by.(根据判断) Judging from what he said, he was honest. Judged as the best footba
17、ll player, he is very popular with young people. 15. considering n.或+从句givenn. 或+从句(鉴于； 考虑到) Considering his age Taking his age into consideration, he has done well enough. 8 Considered to be interesting, the book sells well. Given more care, the tree will grow taller.
