1、,导入,你能讲出几个含有“马”字的四字成语吗？,马不停蹄、马齿徒增 马到成功 马耳东风 马首是瞻、马放南山 马前泼水 马瘦毛长、一马平川 驷马难追 走马观花、快马加鞭 马革裹尸 龙马精神、指鹿为马 千军万马 万马奔腾、老马识途 天马行空,含有“马”字的诗词名句、俗语谚语,春风得意马蹄急 踏花归来马蹄香 浅草才能没马蹄 草枯鹰眼疾，雪尽马蹄轻。 塞翁失马，焉知非福 路遥知马力，日久见人心,伯乐相马的故事,相传伯乐是春秋时代人，姓孙名阳。据说，有一匹千里马拉着沉重的盐车翻越太行山。在羊肠小道上，马蹄用力挣扎，膝盖跪屈；尾巴下垂着，皮肤也受了伤；浑身冒汗，汗水淋漓，在山坡上艰难吃力地爬行还是拉不上去
2、，伯乐遇见了，就下了自己的车，挽住千里马而对它淌眼泪，并脱下自己的麻布衣服覆盖在千里马身上。千里马于是低下头吐气，抬起头来长鸣，嘶叫声直达云霄。这是它感激伯乐了解并且体贴它啊。,23* 马 说,部编版八年级语文下册,韩愈（768824），字退之，世称韩昌黎，河南河阳（今河南孟州）人。唐代文学家，位列“唐宋八大家”之首。他领导了著名的古文革新运动，反对骈文，提倡秦汉散文艺术。其散文雄奇奔放，代表作有马说师说祭十二郎文送孟东野序送董邵南游河北序等。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
3、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
4、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,本文选自韩昌黎文集校注（卷一（上海古籍出版社1986年版）。这是作者杂说四篇中的第四篇。题目是后人加的。马说大约作于贞元十一年（795）至十六年（80
5、0）间。其时，韩愈初登仕途，很不得志。曾三次上书宰相要求擢用，但“志不得通”“足三及门，而阍人（守门人）辞焉”。韩愈从自己的切身经历中，深感朝廷对下层知识分子不公，于是联系当时统治者压抑人才的情况和自己身居下位的处境，写了这篇文章。,自由朗读课文，疏通生字词，把不理解的字、词、句标注出来。,生难字,祇（ ） 骈（ ） 槽枥（ ） 粟（ ） 奴隶（ ） 食马者（ ） 外见（ ） 无马邪（ ）,zh,pin,co l,s,l,s,xin,y,自读课文并初步划分节奏,世有/伯乐，然后/有千里马。千里马/常有，而/伯乐/不常有。故/虽有名马，祗辱于/奴隶人之手，骈死于/槽枥之间，不以/千里称也。 马之
6、千里者，一食/或/尽粟一石，食马者/不知其能千里/而食也。是马也，虽/有千里之能，食不饱，力不足，才美/不外见，且/欲与常马等/不可得，安求/其能/千里也 ？ 策之/不以其道，食之/不能尽其材，鸣之/而不能通其意，执策/而临之，曰：“天下/无马！”呜呼！其真/无马邪？其/真不知马也。,通假字,食马者不知其能千里而食也（ ） 才美不外见（ ） 食之不能尽其材（ ） 其真无马邪（ ）,同“饲”，喂,同“现”，表现,同“才”，才能，才干,同“耶”，表示疑问，相当于“吗”,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
7、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
8、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,马 说 世有伯乐，然后有千里马。千里马常有，而 伯乐不常有。故虽有名马，祗辱于奴隶人之手， 骈死于槽枥之间，不以千里称也。,本名孙
9、阳，字伯乐，春秋时秦国人，擅长相马。,连词，此处表转折关系，译为“却”“可是”。,即使。,受屈辱，受埋没。,在。,（和普通马）一同死。骈，本义为两马并驾，引申为并列。,马槽。,因为。,代指千里马。,动词，著称。,马之千里者，一食或尽粟一石。食马者 不知其能千里而食也。是马也，虽有千里之 能，食不饱，力不足，才美不外见，且欲与 常马等不可得，安求其能千里也？,吃一次。,容量单位，十斗为一石。,有时。,同“饲”，喂。,指代前文所提及的千里马。,连词，表承接，可译为“来”。,表肯定语气。,指示代词，这样。,才能，能力。,才能和优点。,通“现”，表现。,犹，尚且。,普通。,等同，一样。,疑问代词，怎么
10、。,助词，表停顿，强调“是马”。,策之不以其道，食之不能尽其材，鸣之而 不能通其意，执策而临之，曰：“天下无马！” 呜呼！其真无马邪？其真不知马也！,用马鞭赶它。策,马鞭，这里是动词，用马鞭驱赶。,按照（驱使千里马的）正确方法。道，正确的方法。,竭尽它的才能。指喂饱马，使它日行千里的能力充分发挥出来。材，才能、才干。,助词，用在动词后。凑足音节，无实义。,通晓它的意思。,面对。,表示惊叹，相当于“唉”。,表示加强诘问语气。,同“耶”，表示疑问，相当于“吗”。,语气词，表判断。,这样 例句：是马也,判断动词,有时 例句：一食或尽粟一石,或者，或许,古今异义,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
11、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
12、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,怎么 例句：安求其能千里也,安全，平安
13、,这样之后 例句：世有伯乐，然后有千里马,连词，表示一件事情之后接着又发生另一件事情,一词多义,食不饱，力不足（ ） 食之不能尽其材（ ）,策之不以其道（ ） 执策而临之（ ）,动词，吃,动词，通“饲”，喂,动词，用马鞭驱赶,名词，鞭子,安求其能千里也（ ） 虽有千里之能（ ）,动词，能够,安求其能千里也（ ） 策之不以其道（ ） 其真无马邪（ ） 其真不知马也（ ）,名词，能力,代词，它,代词，它的,副词，表示加强诘问语气,大概，表推测语气,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
