1、1 英语英语高考考前知识点复习（一）高考考前知识点复习（一） 1.a great/good many: a large number of 许多。修饰可数名词复数。 2.able(可以的，有能力的，可能的) He is an able man.那人本事不小。 enable(v)使能 3.above, over, on over 是指在.的正上方，与其有距离；on 是指直接与某物体接触，在.的上面；above 就是指在.的上方，不强调位置。但是桥在河的上方，一定要用 over。 4.accident/event/ incident event 一般指重大事件。accident 多指意外或偶然发生
2、的事故，特别是不幸的、有损害性的 事故。incident 相对于 accident 来说，显得不很重要，指“小事件”，它还可以用来表示 “事变”，如叛乱、爆炸等 5.admit vt. 接纳，许可进入（allow sb./sth.to enter） 承认，后可接名词，doing、从句或复合结构。 6.advice 建议；劝告。 是不可数名词，“一条建议”应用 a piece of advice。常用结构。 give sb.advice(on)/give advice 给某人提（关于的）建议；忠告某人。 ask(sb.)for advice 征求（某人的）意见。 7.admire（= respe
3、ct / praise）vt.羡慕，钦佩，夸奖 admire sb.（for sth.）佩服某人某事 对比：envy（= jealous）vt.嫉妒，羡慕 envy sb.（sth.）嫉妒/羡慕某人某事 We all envy you your good future. 我们都很羡慕你的好运。 advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事（suggest 不这样用） 。 I advise you to take the chance.我建议你抓住机会。 I advise you not to lose heart; just keep on.我劝你不要灰心，继续干。 advise
4、还可同 suggest 一样， 后接名词、 代词、 动名词 （短语） 和 that 从句 （用虚拟语气） 作宾语。 What would you advise?你有什么建议吗？I advise you an early start 我建议你早 点出发。 advise ，persuade persuade sb. to do sth.意为“说服某人做某事”，强调劝说成功，说服；advise sb. to do sth. 意为“劝说某人做某事”，不涉及劝说是否有效，相当于 try to persuade sb. to 2 do sth.。如： The doctor persuaded my fat
5、her to give up smoking.医生说服我爸爸戒了烟。 The doctor advised my father to give up smoking, but failed. 医生劝我爸爸戒烟，但没成功。 advise; suggest advise 与 suggest 都可作“建议”讲，二者用法有同有异。 (1)相同点 表示建议做某事，advise 与 suggest 都可采用下列三种句型: + 名词 + 动名词 + that 从句（从句中常用 should 加动词原形，should 可以省略。 ） eg. He advised/ suggested an early sta
6、rt. He advised/ suggested (our) starting early. He advised/ suggested that we (should) start early. (注：只要是用从句表示建议该做的事，从句中就可用“should+动词原形”，should 可以 省略。)上面的第三句可转化为： It was suggested that we (should) start early. What he suggested was that we(should) start early. His suggestion was that we (should) st
7、art early. (2)不同点 advise 后可以跟人称代词作宾语，而 suggest 后不可以跟人称代词作宾语。故可以说： advise sb. to do sth.; advise sb. against (doing) sth.; advise sb. on/ about sth.; suggest(to sb.)that. 前三种结构中不可将 advise 改为 suggest，如： 他建议我们去参观博物馆。 正He advised us to go to visit the museum. 误He suggested us to go to visit the museum.
8、误He suggested us that we go to visit the museum. suggest 还有“暗示、表明、说、指出（一个事实）”的意思。此时从句中用陈述语气， 不用虚拟语气。如： The smile on his face suggested that he was pleased. Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the patient was seriously ill.(句中 suggest 陈述了一个事实，故用陈述语气。)比较： Having examined carefully, th
9、e doctor suggested that the Patient be operated on at once.(句中 suggest 表示建议该做某事，从句中用 should 加动词原形， should 在从句中省略。) affect（=have an effect on sth.）vt.影响（effect n.影响） This may affect your health. 这或许会影响你的健康。 My throat is always affected by bad weather.我的嗓子总是受恶劣天气的影响。 8.afraid 1)“be afraid of+名词”，意为“害怕
10、”。 2）“be afraid of doing sth”意为“担心，害怕”。 3）“be afraid for”意为“为担心。” 4）“be afraid that”意为“担心，恐怕”。 3 5）“be afraid to do ”意为“害怕，担心而不敢做某事”。 6）Im afraid so/not.恐怕是这样/恐怕不会这样 应用完成句子 女孩子一般都怕蛇。Girls are usually_ _snakes. 他怕把杯子打碎，因而很小心。He was careful because he was afraid_ _the glass. 你不为自己的安全担心吗？Are you afraid
11、_your safety? 恐怕她会迷路。I am _ _she will lose her way. 汤姆把钱丢了，也不敢告诉他母亲。Tom lost the money and was afraid_ _his mother. Key:afraid,of of,breaking for afraid,that to tell again and again = time and time again = over and over = over and over again 再三 地 The old man thinks of his happy past again and again.
12、 这位老人再三地想起他幸福 的过去。 9.age (1)n.年龄，时代，时期 The old man died at the age of 80/when he was 80 years of age/when he was 80 years old. 那位老人 80 岁时去世了。 (2)vi./vt. 变老 He is aging fast. Worry ages a man. 他老得很快。忧虑令人老！ I found him greatly aged. 我发现他老多了。 拓展： （1）adj. aged岁的，年老的 a boy aged ten 一个 10 岁的男孩 an aged man
13、 老人 (2)人生的七期 babyinfantchildyouthmanhoodmiddle ageold age 婴儿/0幼儿 7儿童 12青年 28壮年 40中年 65老年 10.agree 同意。 常用桔构： (1)agree on 对取得一致意见或达成协议,一般表示原双方共同商讨以后达成协议的名 词)。主语必须是两者以上。也常用被动语态，表示“（某事）是大家都同意的”。 如： They agreed on the date for the next meeting.对下次会议的日期他们达成了一致意见。 (2)agree to 同意；赞成。to 为介词，后接表示“建议；办法；计划”等名词
14、。 Do you agree to my plan?你同意我的计划吗？ (3)agree with 同意；赞成。后接 sb. 或 what 从句。 I agree with you ,but I dont agree with what he said.我同意你的意见，但我不同 意他所说的。另外，agree with 还有“与相适应/相一致”的意思。 4 The climate here doesnt agree with me .我不适应这里的气候。 (4)agree to do sth.同意、答应做某事。 Do you agree to go with us if we agree to
15、lend you some money?如果我们答应借钱给 你，你同意和我们一起去吗？ 11.ahead 短语归纳 go ahead 朝前走，请便（同意对方继续干或同意对方的请求） ； go ahead (on)with 继续； ahead of 在前面，早于，优先； ahead of time 提前 应用完成句子 他朝前走去看看发生了什么事情。He _ _ to see what had happened. 我可以坐这个座位吗？请坐吧。May I take this seat?_ _. 汤姆的数学比玛丽好。Tom is _ _ Mary in maths. 她比我早到 2 个小时。She a
16、rrived two hours _ _me. 他们已提前三周完成了设计。They have completed the design _ _ _ _time. Key:went,ahead Go,ahead /ahead,of three,weeks,ahead,of 12. alive,living,live,lively,lovely 区别 1)lovely 意“可爱的”，“美好的” 如： a lovely day 美好的一天 a lovely girl 可爱的女孩 2)alive 意为“活着的、有活力的”,是表语形容词，可修饰人、物； 在句中做表语宾补和 或后置定词，不能用作前置定语。
17、如 He was alive when he was taken to the hospital.他被送往医院时还活着。 3)living 意为“活着的、有生命的”，主要用于作前置定语及冠词 the 之后表示一类人， 也可用作表语，可修饰人或物。如： a living plant 活的植物 The living will go on with the work of the dead.活着的人将继续死者的工作。 all living things 所有生物 the living 在世者，活着的人们 4)live laiv （1） （动、植物）“活的”，“有生命的”，“活生生的，主要用来说鸟或其
18、它动物，作前 置定语； 如：a live fish 一条活鱼 a live tiger 一只活老虎 (2)实况的，现场直播的； 如：a live report 现场报道 a live show/broadcast/TV program 现场转播的表演/实况广 播/现场直播的电视节目 living 有精神的，活泼的，快活的，轻快的 5 Her grandfather is still living at the age of 93.她爷爷已经 93 岁了，仍然健在。 5)lively 意为“活泼的”，“有生气的”, 生动的 “生动的”，可用作表语、定语，指 人或物。如： a lively chi
19、ld 活泼的孩子 a lively description 生动的描述如： a lively mind 活跃的头脑 a lively discussion 热烈的讨论 a way of making ones classes lively 使课堂生动的方法 He told a lively story about his life in Africa. 他讲述了一个有关他的非洲生活的 一个生动故事。 Young children are usually lively. 年轻人通常很活泼。 13.all the same adj.都一样；无所谓（to+n.） You can stay or le
20、ave now;Its all the same to me. adv.仍然，还是 Thank you all the same. all the year round 全年，一年到头 In the west coast of Canada,it rains all the year round. 14.allow 与 permit 1)用法相同 allow / permit sb .to do sth .允许某人做某事 allow / permit doing sth . 允许做某事。此时动词只用 ing 形式。 反义词 forbid 具有同样用法。 2)意义有异同 许多情况下可换用， 只是
21、词意的强弱上有差异。 allow 语意较弱， 含有“听任”， “默许”， “不加阻止”的意思；permit 语意较强，强调“正式认可”，“批准”的意思。如： The nurse allowed him to remain there ,though it was not permitted. 护士让他留在那里，虽然这时（规定）不允许的。 15.amaze vt.使惊奇 = astonish, surprise The news amazed us greatly.这条消息使我们感到很惊奇。 拓展： （1）amazed 人对感到吃惊的； amazing（某物）信人吃惊的。 They were a
22、ll amazed at the amazing news. 听到这个令人吃惊的消息他们感到惊讶。 (2)amazement n. to ones amazement 令人吃惊的是 To my amazement, they have gone to Xishuangbanna. 让我奇怪的是，他们去西双版 纳了。 类似短语：to ones happiness/excitement/sadness/puzzlement 使某人高兴的/兴奋的/伤心的/迷惑的是 6 16.and so on : etc 等等。用来表示列举，但又不一一列出。 He knows five foreign langua
23、ges, English, French, Japanese and so on.他懂 5 种外 语，如英语、法语、日语等等。 17.announce, explain, introduce, declare 后面不接双宾语， 若以人作宾语常置于 to 后。 如： The president announced to the workers the sad news. The president announced the sad news to the workers.总裁向工人宣布了那不幸的消息。 He introduced the new comer to everyone here.他
24、把新来的那个人介绍给这里的每个人。 18.report to sb.向某人汇报： report sth/sb.to sb.向某人汇报/告诉。 应用单句改错 The teacher explained his students how to use the computer. No one declared us we could not smoke here. Key:explain 后加 to declare 后加 to 19.another day/the other day/some day/one day another day 可表示近期将来的某一天，意为“改天”，也可表示过去将来某
25、一动作或状态 延续的“又一天”。如: She is coming another day instead of today. 她今天不来，改天来。 You may do it another day. 你可以改天做这件事。 He stayed there (for) another day/another two days after I lift. 我离开后他在那又待了一天/两天。 the other day 相当于 a few days ago,意为“几天前、某天、那天、不久前”，句中用一 般过去时。如： I met her in the street the other day.几天前我
26、在街上碰见过她。 I bought the watch the other day.这手表我是几天前买的。 some day 指将来“总有一天、有朝一日、终将、 （日后）某一天”，谓语动词用一般将来时. 如: Your wishes will come true some day.总有一天你的愿望会实现的。 Some day youll have to pay for what you have done. 总有一天你要为你的行为而付出代价的。 one day 可以表示“（过去）某一天”，谓语动词常用一般过去式；也可表示“（将来）某 一天”，这时可与 some day 互相代替，谓语常用一般将
27、来时。如： One day I went to see my first teacher ,but he happened to be out.有一天，我去看 我的启蒙老师，可碰巧他出去了。 He will understand the teacher one day/some day.将来有一天，他会理解老师的。 20.anxious, eager 两个词均有“渴望，急于”之意。anxious 着重指焦急、着急或担心；而 eager 着重指对成 功的期望或进取的热情。 两者都多用作表语， 其主语通常是人， 不能以无生命的事物作主语。 7 对比： He is eager to join the
28、 army.他渴望参军。 He is anxious to know whether he has been chosen. 他急于知道是否被选上了。 常用搭配： be anxious to do sth.渴望急切地做某事；be anxious for 渴望（了解、得到） ； be anxious about 担心，对感到不安 be eager to do sth.急切地想做某事； be eager for (about, after)渴望，渴求， be eager for your help 渴望得到你的帮助； be eager about peace 渴望和平 学生们都急切地想知道考试结果
29、。 The students _ _ _ _ the results ofthe examination. 那个小男孩渴望得到一台新录音机。The little boy was _ _a new recorder. 我很担心我儿子的健康。Im _ _my sons health. 他殷切希望女儿的成功。He is _ _ his daughters success. Key:are, anxious(eager),to ,know anxious(eager)，for anxious, about eager, for(about, after) 21.apologize for doing
30、sth. apologize 是不及物动词，意为“道歉”，其表达式为“apologize to sb.for sth.”。如： You must apologize to your sister for being so rude. 它的名词形式是 apology, 复数形式是 apologizes. make ones apologies to sb. for sth.= make an apology to sb. for sth. 如： He make his apologies to me for coming late. 22.appear As a result, it apper
31、ed to scientists on earth that the stars had moved.因此，地 球上的科学家看来，恒星好像是移动了。 句型：It appears/seems(to sb.) +thatclause.看来/似乎是 It appears to me that something is wrong.我看好像有点不大对头。 It appears that he will the prize.看来他会得笑。 appear;seem;look appear, seem, look 都有“看起来似”之意，但其暗含意思和用法又各有不同。 从意义上讲： (1)appear 强调外
32、表给人的印象，有时含实质上并非如此的意思，如： He appears to know more than he really does。他看起来好像懂得很多。 （其实懂得没有 那么多） (2)seem 暗示有一定根据的判断，这种判断往往接近事实，如： His health seems to be better.他的健康状况似乎有所好转。 (3)look 着重由视觉得出的印象，如： He doesnt look his age.他看起来比实际年龄年轻（或老成） 。 8 从用法上讲： seem 和 appear 后可加 (to + be)+表语(adj.或 n.或 prep.) +to v. It
33、 + +(that)从句如： He seems/appears（to be）very sad today.=It seems that he is very sad today. It seems like years since I saw you last time. He seems a kind doctor.（=It seems that he is a kind doctor.） He seems/appears to have caught a cold.=It seems/appears that he has caught a cold. look 当“看起来似乎和 as i
34、f 从句。如： He looks strong. She looks like her mother. It looks as if we are going to miss the train.”讲时，可接形容词、过去分词、名 词、介词短语 23.area; district （1）area 表示“地区、区域”，是普通用词，暗示一个较大的，可能是没有清楚界限的地 区，不能用来指行政上的地理单位。如： The old man lives in a mountain area.这位老人生活在山东。 This is a less developed area.这是个欠发达地区。 Most of t
35、he large land areas are connected.多数大块陆地是相连的。 （2）district 表示“区、地区、区域”，指为行政管理或选举之目的所分的区。在同一城 市，各种性质不同的区域也叫 district。如： Where is the District of Columbia?哥伦比亚特区在什么地方？ The old man used to work in the jin-Cha-Ji Military District.那位老人曾经在晋察 冀军区工作。 The northeast part of the city is the residential distric
36、t.这城市的东北部是住宅 区。 24.Arm takein ones arms 该结构意为“拥抱”。如： He went into classroom, taking some books in his arms. As a child.:As/When he was a child，小的时候，该句型中的 as 为连词，意为“在 的时候”，引导时间状语从句。当从句与主句主语一致，且从句谓语为 be 时，可将从句主 语及 be 省略。 Even as(he was)a student,Professor Smith showed great interest in maths.甚至上 学的时候，
37、史密斯教授对数学就很感兴趣。 As(he was)a boy,he liked playing table tennis with the grown-ups.小时候，他就 喜欢和大人们打乒乓球。 25.as a result 作为结果，结果（发生某情况） ，可置于句首，也可置于句末 She got up very early. As a result, she was able to catch the early bus.她起得很 早，因此她赶上了早班车。 He has won the game. He is in high spirits as a result. 他赢了比赛，所以他精神
38、高 9 昂。 He runs every day .As a result , he has lost weight .他每天跑步，结果他减肥了。 as a result of 作为的结果，as a result of的结果是 As a result of exercise , he has built up his health. The flight was delayed as a result of typhoon.该次班机因台风而延误 result in = lead to 导致，造成结果，如： Hard work results in success.努力终归成功。(= Succe
39、ss results from hard work.成 功来自努力) Hard work results in success. 勤奋才会成功。 result from 由产生的结果，如： Success results from hard work. 成功来自勤奋。 His illness resulted from overwork. 他的病起因于操劳过渡。 26. asas as many as 和一样多/多达； as much as 和一样多/多达（注意：many 指可数的量，much 指不可数词的量） ； as high as 和一样高/高达； as thick as 和一样厚/厚达
40、； as long as 一样长/长达; as deep as 一样深/深达； as early as 一样早/早在时候，如： We have as many books as they.我们的书和他们的一样多。 /The great fire burned down as many as twenty buildings.大火烧毁的大楼多达 20 座。 应用汉译英 新桥与旧桥一样长。/这种鱼可长到长达 15 英尺。 这座山和远处的另一座一样高。/这座山高达 4000 米。 Key:The new bridge is as long as the old one./The kind of fi
41、sh can grow as long as 15 feet. This mountain is as high as another one in the distance./This mountain is as high as 4,000 metres. asas possible:asas one can 尽可能地. Ill come back as soon as possible.我尽可能地 Get up as early as possible tomorrow morning. 明天早晨尽量早起。 10 as.as.用法小结 （1）.as+形容词（副词）原级+as.;not a
42、s/so+形容词（副词）原级+as. Their factory is as large as ours.他们的工厂和我们的一样大。 （2）倍数 + as + 形容词（副词）原级+as. Line AB is 3 times as long as Line CD.=Line AB is twice longer than/3 times the length of Line CD.线段 AB 是线段 CD 长的 3 倍。 （3）as + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词 + as; as + 形容词+复数名词 + as She is as good many records as pos
43、sible.我们需要尽量多的唱片。 （5）as much/ many as 多达，那么多 On Sports Day, during the relay race, you will use most of all, perhaps as much as 650 calories an hour.在运动会上，进行接力赛跑时，你消耗的能量最多，可能每小时多 达 650 卡。 （6）as.as possible; as. as one can The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as he can. =
44、The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as possible.老师在 黑板上应尽可能仔细地把字写好。 （7）as.as + 年代数字/名词 As early as 1950 I knew him.早在 1950 年我就认识他了。 （8）as/so far as I know As/ So for as I know, he will be away from home for 3 months.就我所知，他将要离 家 3 个月。 （9）as soon as就 Please let us know as
45、 soon as you arrive in Bejing.一到北京，请通知我们一声。 （10）as well as 和；也；还有 He gave me money as well as advice.他除了给我忠告外，还给我钱。 He studies French as well as English.他不但学习英语，而且学习法语。 （11）as/so long as 只要；如果 You may use that dictionary as long as you take care of it.只要你好好保存，你可 以用那本词典。 as a matter of fact=in fact 事
46、实上、实际上 It seems easy,but as a matter of fact,itll take us a long time to work it out. 区别下列用法 1)as(so)far as 和一样远，远至（原级比较或表示距离） ；就来讲 2)as(so)long as 和一样长（原级比较） ；只要（引导条件状语从句） 3）as well as 和一样好；既也（连接并列成分） 4）as good as 和一样好；事实上（作状语） 应用完成句子 他们实际上已经答应帮助我们了。They have _ _ _ promised to help us. 油漆后的这辆自行车和新的
47、一样。Painted, this bike is _ _ _ a new 11 one. 小李英语说得和汉语一样好。Xiao Li speaks English_ _ _ she speaks Chinese. 他和他的父母对我都很好。He _ _ _his parents is kind to me. 晚饭后我们一直到走山脚下。After supper we walked_ _ _the foot of the hill. 就我所知，他将离开两个月。_ _ _I know, hell be away for two months. 只要努力，你一定会成功。_ _ _you work hard
48、, youll succeed in time. 这座新建的桥据说和旧的一样长。This newly built bridge is said to be _ _ _the old one. Key:as good as; as well as as far as As, far,as As/so,long,as as,long,as as if 可用 as though 替换，在此引导表语从句，另外它们也可引导状语从句，从句既可用 陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。如： It looks as if /though its going to rain.（陈述语气） You look as if youd seen a ghost.（虚拟语气） as is the case with = as with 就和的情况一样 As is the case with his mother, he is fond of music. 跟母亲一样，他喜欢音乐。 As with human, animals also love their babies. 同人一样，动物也爱它们的幼仔。 as good as as good as 作为固定词组意为“几乎一样”，“实际上等于”，作为同级比较结构，意为 “和一样好”。如： He is as good at English as me
