1、2021 届高中英语总复习小题专练(新高考):介词 考点透视 考点考点 1 常用介词常用介词 (2020 全国 I 卷) The far side ofthe moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deepcraters(环形山), more so the familiar near side. 【答案】than 【解析】考查介词。根据句子中 more 可知此处应该用比较级,故填 than。 (2020浙江卷 1 月)Thisaging of the population is driven t
2、wo factors. 【答案】by 【解析】考查介词。句意:人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由;被”应用 介词 by。故填 by。 【点拨】 一、常见介词辨析 1表示时间的 at,on 和 in 意义 短语 a t 表示某个时间点、时刻等 at midnight“在半夜”;at sunrise/sunset“在日出/日落” o n 表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的 上午、下午、晚上 on a rainy night“在一个雨夜”;on Christmas Eve“在平安夜” i n 表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年 代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等 in December“在十二月
3、”;in the morning“在上午” 2表示时间的 in 和 after 意义 例句 in 表示“在时间之内/之后”,所 在的句子必须表示将来 He will be back in an hour. 他一小时后就回来。 aft er 表示“在时间之后”,通常 He came back after an hour. 他一小时后回来了。 “after时间段”与过去时连用, “after时间点”与将来时连用 3表示方位的 through,across 和 over 意义 短语 throug h 表示“从的内部 穿过” through the forest“从森林穿过” across 表示“从表
4、面穿 过” across the desert“穿过沙漠” over 表示“从的上面 越过” jump over the fence“跨过篱笆墙” 4表示方位的 in,on 和 to 意义 例句 i n 表示“在范围 内” Beijing lies in the north of China. 北京位于中国北部。 o n 表示“毗邻,接 壤” Mongolia,which lies on the north of China,is a beautiful country. 位于中国北部的蒙古,是一个美丽的国家。 t o 表示“在范围 外” Japan lies to the east of C
5、hina. 日本位于中国东部。 5表示交通方式的 by,on 和 in 意义 短语 by 后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具 的名词,名词前不加冠词 by sea,by air,by bike,by car, by train on/ in 后跟交通工具时,名词前应有冠词、 物主代词、指示代词等修饰语 on ones bike,in ones car 6表示支持、反对的介词 against 和 for 意义 例句 agains t 意为“反对”,此外还表示“倚靠 着;逆着;以为背景”等 Are you for the proposal or against it? 你支持这项提议还是反对? for
6、 表示“支持,赞成”,还可表示原 因、目的等 考点考点 2 介词的固定搭配介词的固定搭配 (2020 山东卷) Museums must compete peoples spare time and money with otheramusements. 【答案】for 【解析】考查固定搭配。根据空格前的动词 compete 与空格后的 peoples spare time and money, 判断此处需用表 “为竞争” 的动词短语 compete for, 故填 for。 (2020浙江卷 7 月)Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the fir
7、st real attempt tocontrol the world they lived ,through agriculture. 【答案】in 【解析】考查介词。句意:公元前 10000 年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来 控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知,“they lived _”应是之前名词 the world 的定 语从句,定语从句引导词被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即:they lived in the world,live in+名词,意为居住在某地。故填 in。 (2020 全国 II 卷) Bamboo plants are associated health
8、, abundance and a happy home. 【答案】with 【解析】考查介词。be associated with 为固定搭配,表示“与相关”,故填 with。 【点拨】 几组常见的介词固定搭配 1.与名词的搭配与名词的搭配 at a time 每次,一次 at a loss 困惑,不知所措 at first sight 乍一看 at table 在吃饭 beyond description无法形容 beyond ones reach够不着 by accident/chance 偶然 by mistake 错误地 by the way 顺便说 by hand 手工地 in a
9、dvance 在前头;事先,预先 in charge 主管,看管 in return 作为回报 in turn 依次,转而 in shape 健康状况良好 in the long run 从长远来看 in trouble 处于困境中 in time 及时,迟早 on purpose 故意地 on holiday 在度假 on time 准时 onaverage 平均 on the contrary 相反地 out of breath/balance/date/control 上气不接下气/失去平衡/过时/失去控制 to ones surprise/astonishment 令某人惊奇/吃惊的是
10、 under construction/consideration/discussion 在建设/考虑/讨论中 at the cost of 以为代价 inhonour of 为了纪念;为了表 示敬意 in memory of 为纪念(对已逝的人) inplace of 代替 in support/favor of 支持,支援 in addition to 除之外 in terms/view of 鉴于,根据 for the sake of 为了 forthe purpose of 为 了的目的 for the benefit of 为了的利益 on account of 由于 onbehal
11、f of 代表 on the way to 在去的路上 onthe basis of 以为基础 by means of 借助于 thereason for的原因 the approach to的方法 avisit to 到的访问 the/a lack of 缺乏 2与动词的搭配与动词的搭配 answer for 对负责 apply for 申请 call at 拜访(地点) date from/back to 追溯到 keep/prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做 protect.from 保 护不受伤害 result from 由于 suffer from
12、 遭 受 approve of 赞成 complain of 抱 怨 consist of.由组成 dream of 梦到 think of 想起;考虑到 call on 拜访(某人) depend/rely on 依靠 result in/lead to 导致 succeed in 在方面成功 belong to 属于 refer to 谈到;涉及;查阅 3与形容词的搭配与形容词的搭配 be ashamed of 对感到羞耻 be aware of 知晓;意识到 be proud of 以为荣 besure of 对有信心;确信 be tired of 厌倦 beangry with sb.
13、与某人生气 be familiar with sth.熟悉 be familiar to sb.为某人所熟悉 be patient with 对有耐心 bepleased/satisfied with 对满 意 be popular with sb.受某人欢迎 be strict with sb.对某人严格 be addicted to 对上瘾; 沉溺于 beavailable to 对可用; 可供 使用 be beneficial to 对有益处 bedevoted to 致力于,献身于 be similar to 与相似 beconfident in 对有信心 be eager for 渴
14、望 beabsent from 缺席 be anxious about/for 忧虑,担心 be crazy about 热衷;着迷 be curious about 对好奇 beparticular about 挑剔 be suitable for/to 适合于 4其他搭配 after all 毕竟, 终究 aheadof (时间, 空间)在前面; 领先 far from 远非 oncein a while 偶尔 up to 达到;由决定 inspite of 尽管;虽然 考点突破 一、单句语法填空 1 _ summary, I think the movie is moving, inte
15、resting, and worthspending time on. 2 As is well known, Dragon Boat Festival and the custom of eating ricedumplings are unique _ us Chinese. 3 So far we have done a lot to build a lowcarbon economy, but it isfar _ satisfactory. 4 Our product is popular abroad.There is practically no other productsup
16、erior _ ours in quality. 5When a writer finishes his writing or a doctor successfully operates on apatient or a teacher sees his students grow, they are happy _ words. 6 Most English teachers maintain a young and gentle heart and appearyounger than teachers _ their own age. 7 The key _ successful sm
17、all talk is learning how to connect withothers, not just communicate with them. 8Butterflies feed _ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which beesand other insects collect. 9I dont know if this sounds bad, but why do Asian actresses always lookmore beautiful _ the dress than the models? 10 Her old p
18、arents watched Mary until she disappeared from sight _the distance. 11.We should talk about the things _ the childrens understanding in asimple way. 12.Youshould fly your kite _ the wind,orit cannot fly high. 13.In some cases, different approaches _ the same scientific problemlead to conflicting the
19、ories. 14._that special night, all the Senior 3 students stood in the corridors(走廊) and looked down at the younger students below. 15.Many local residents welcome the shared bikes _ the flexibility andfreedom they offer. 16.Calligraphy, _ a mirror, is a silent reflection of the soul. 17.During my fi
20、rst year in China, I spent the summer holiday _ myfamily at the seaside in Beidaihe. 18.The English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was verydifferent _ the modern Englishwe speak today. 19.Plastic waste and algae on the water give off a smell very similar _the krill(磷虾) that many sea
21、 birds feed on. 20.The words of the poems were full _ encouragement and positive energy, and showed an uncommonopenmindedness among women at that time. 21.The Great Wall stretches _ Dandong in the east to Lop Nur in thewest, along the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. 22.The countrys industrial econo
22、my has maintained steady and sound growththanks _ the Made in China2025 strategy. 23.We know the British have a love affair with drinking tea, _ morethan 160 million cups drunk every day. 24.The Water Splashing Festival is also acultural bridge _ Xishuangbanna and Southeast Asian countries thatshare
23、 the same festival culture of watersplashing. 25._ Monday she gave each student his or her list. 26.In this fast changing and competitive world,many people are _ heavy pressure. 27.She says its important to wake up _ the same time every day. 28.As we all know, Hangzhou, a beautiful city, won the bid
24、 _ September16th, 2015. 二、语法填空二、语法填空 There are many festivalsin Guizhou Province. One of them is Dong New Year, 1._ falls in theeleventh lunar month after the harvest. In some villages, the festival2._ (take) place in the tenth month. Dong New Year is as3._(importance) as the Spring Festival. In the
25、 days4._(lead) up to the New Year, the Dong people make new clothes,clean their houses, and make rice cakes. 5._ the eve of the NewYear, they prepare “cold dish”with bean curd and homemade vinegar. It6._ (give) as an offering to ones ancestors. Dong New Year is7._(usual) celebrated in many Dong vill
26、ages in the area ofRongjiang in Guizhou Province. The exact date varies but falls during theperiod late October to early November. Public 8._(celebration)include the Lusheng Festival and water buffalo fighting. Another one, Miao SistersFestival, is celebrated from the 15th to the 17th day of the thi
27、rd lunar monthcalendar, when 9._(marry) women make a return to the homes oftheir mothers. At home, they prepare and eat 10._ special kind offood, black rice cake. When they return to their own homes, they bring withthem some of it and give it to their husbands as gifts. 答案及解析 【答案】in 【解析】考査固定短语。in su
28、mmary“总的来说,概括起来”,符合句意。 【答案】to 【解析】 unique“独一无二的, 仅有的”; be unique to“是特有的”, 为固定搭配。 【答案】from 【解析】far from 表示否定含义,意为“绝非,远不”。 【答案】to 【解析】superior 意为 “更好的,更有效的”,通常与 to 搭配表示比较含义。be superior to sth.意为“胜过,超过,比好”。 【答案】beyond 【解析】beyond 意为“超出,超过”,beyond words 意为 “无法用言语表达”。 【答案】of 【解析】此处 of 与 age 构成固定搭配,teache
29、rs of their own age 意为“与他们同 龄的老师”。 【答案】to 【解析】key 作“关键,要决” 讲,与介词 to 搭配使用。 【答案】on 【解析】feed on“以为食”。 【答案】in 【解析】in 为介词,后接服饰名词时,意为“穿着,戴着”。 【答案】in 【解析】in the distance“在远处,从远处”。 【答案】beyond 【解析】句意:我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事物。beyond “超出之外,非所能及”。 【答案】against 【解析】句意:你应该逆着风放风筝,否则它飞不高。against“逆,与相反”, 符合语境,属于 aga
30、inst 的常见用法。 【答案】to/towards 【解析】approach to/towards“的方法”,是固定搭配。句意:在一些情形下, 对同一个科学难题进行研究所采用的方法不同,就会得出互相矛盾的结论。 【答案】On 【解析】句意:在那个特殊的晚上,所有高三年级的学生站在走廊里低头看着下面 低年级的学生。表示“在具体某天的上午、下午或晚上”需用介词 on。 【答案】for 【解析】句意:因共享单车给人们提供的灵活性和自由度,许多当地的居民很欢迎 共享单车。设空处表示“原因”,故填介词 for。 【答案】like 【解析】句意:书法,像一面镜子一样,无声地反映灵魂。设空处表示“像”,故
31、填介 词 like。 【答案】with 【解析】句意:在中国的第一年,我和我的家人在北戴河的海边度过了暑假。with 在此处意为“和”。 【答案】from 【解析】句意:公元 450 年到 1150 年间在英国所说的英语和今天我们所说的现代 英语是非常不同的。be differentfrom“与不同”。 【答案】to 【解析】句意:水面上的塑料废物和海藻释放出一种非常类似于磷虾的气味,许多 海鸟以这种磷虾为食。(be)similar to“与相似”。 【答案】of 【解析】句意:诗歌中的文字充满了鼓励和正能量,并且在那个时代的女性当中展 现出了不同寻常的开明的思想。befull of“充满了”
32、。 【答案】from 【解析】句意:长城沿着内蒙古的南部边界,从东部的丹东一直延伸到了西部的罗 布泊。表示“从到”用 from.to.结构。 【答案】to 【解析】句意:多亏了“中国制造 2025”战略,国家的工业经济一直保持稳定的、健 康的增长。thanks to 为固定短语,意为:多亏了,幸亏。 【答案】with 【解析】句意:我们知道英国人爱喝茶,每天有一亿六千多万杯茶被喝掉。设空处 考查 with 的复合结构(withn./pron.过去分词)作伴随状语。 【答案】between 【解析】句意:泼水节也是西双版纳与有着相同泼水节节日文化的东南亚国家之间 的一座桥梁。 根据句意及题干中的
33、 and 可知设空处填 between。 between.and.意为: 在和之间。 【答案】On 【解析】句意:在周一,她给每个学生一份清单。表示“在具体某一天”需用介词 on。 【答案】under 【解析】句意:在这个快速变化且充满竞争的世界里,许多人处于沉重的压力下。 under pressure 为固定短语,意为:在压力之下。 【答案】at 【解析】句意:她说每天在同一时间醒来很重要。at the same time 为固定短语, 意为:在同一时间。 【答案】on 【解析】句意:我们都知道,杭州,一个美丽的城市,在 2015 年 9 月 16 日赢得了 举办权。在具体某天前要用介词 o
34、n。 【答案】 1.which 2. takes 3.important 4.leading 5.On 6.isgiven 7.usually 8.celebrations 9.married 10.a 【解析】 1.考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词是 Dong New Year,关系词在 从句中作主语,指物,应使用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。 2.考查时态。此处描述的客观事实,应使用一般现在时。故填 takes。 3.考查形容词。此处作表语,意为“像春节一样重要”,as.as 结构中,使用形容词原 级。故填 important。 4.考查现在分词。lead up
35、 to“为做准备”,此处与主语 the Dong people 构成逻 辑上的主谓关系,应使用现在分词。故填 leading。 5.考查介词。固定短语:on the eve of“在的前夕”,故填 On。 6.考查语态。句意:它是作为祭品送给祖先的。根据句意及句子结构可知,此处应 使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填 is given。 7.考查副词。此处修饰动词 celebrated,应使用副词形式。故填 usually。 8.考查名词复数。celebration 是可数名词,其前没有冠词,且谓语动词是原形,据 此可知,此处应使用名词复数。故填 celebrations。 9.考查形容词。根据下文 make a return to the homes of their mothers 可知,此 处指“已婚的女人”。married“已婚的”。故填 married。 10.考查冠词。根据下文 kind of 可知,此处指“一种特殊的食品”,应使用不定冠词。 故填 a。